JPH08118196A - Cover device for machine tool - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To provide a cover device for a machine tool that can make the length of the protruding part of a spindle head into a machining area shorter than a Z-axis stroke and can make the spindle head and the whole spindle short and compact. CONSTITUTION: A cylindrical cover 9 for covering the periphery of the protruding part 3a, protruded into a machining area, of a spindle head 3 supporting a spindle is fitted in the advancing/retreating state to the hollow part 5a of a spindle head supporting base 5, and the cylindrical cover 9 is always energized to the rear of the spindle head 3 by springs 19. At the time of moving the spindle head 3 in the Z-axis protruding direction, the spindle head 3 and the cylindrical cover 9 are engaged with each other in the midst of a Z-axis stroke. The protruding part 3a of the spindle head 3 is protruded from the cylindrical cover 9, and both are integrally interlocked into the maximum protruding position of the spindle head 3.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a spindle head cover device for a machine tool in which a spindle head supporting a spindle moves in a Z-axis direction along an axis of the spindle with respect to a spindle head support.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art FIG. 6 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing the periphery of a spindle head of a conventional machine tool and shows a state in which the spindle head 3 is at the Z-axis maximum retracted position. The main spindle 1 in the main spindle head 3 integrated with the main spindle head carrier 7 includes a pair of front bearings 31, 31 provided at the front portion of the main spindle head 3 and a rear bearing 39 provided at the rear portion of the main spindle head 3. The front and rear ends are rotatably supported. In addition, a built-in motor including a rotor 43 mounted on the outer periphery of the intermediate portion of the spindle 1 and a stator 45 mounted so as to be in contact with the inner surface of the motor mounting portion 3c of the spindle head 3 with a small clearance from the rotor 43. The main shaft 1 is rotated by being excited. Furthermore, the front surface of the spindle head support 5 is sealed between the outer periphery of the protrusion 3a of the spindle head 3 by a seal 11 provided on the spindle head support 5 via a seal retainer 15. Further, the front surface portion of the spindle head support 5 (a blank portion on the left side in FIG. 6) is a processing area. Therefore, referring to FIG. 6, a state in which a cover for covering the protrusion 3a of the spindle head 3 to the processing region is not provided, and the protrusion 3a of the spindle head 3 is exposed when the spindle head 3 moves in the Z-axis direction. While projecting to the machining area by Z-axis stroke amount,
Imaginary line). In addition, the stator 4
In the case of a so-called built-in motor system in which the rotor 5 and the rotor 43 are incorporated in the intermediate portion of the spindle 1, the outer circumference 3d of the motor mounting portion 3c of the spindle head 3 is always moved to the machining area when the spindle head 3 reaches the maximum protruding position. It didn't stick out.

[0003]

However, in the case of the built-in motor system, wiring (not shown) to the motor is provided on the outer periphery 3d of the motor mounting portion 3c of the spindle head 3, and the spindle in the front portion of the spindle head 3 is provided. Since a pair of front bearings 31, 31 rotatably supporting 1 and a rear bearing 39 rotatably supported at a rear portion thereof are connected to piping (not shown) for supplying a cooling liquid, the motor mounting portion 3
If the outer circumference 3d of c is projected into the processing area, the wiring and piping may be damaged for some reason. Therefore, when the spindle head 3 moves in the Z-axis direction and reaches the maximum protruding position, the outer periphery 3d of the motor mounting portion 3c of the spindle head 3 should not be projected into the machining area, and the length of the protruding portion 3a of the spindle head 3 should be long. Saha spindle head 3
The length of the spindle head 3 and the spindle 1 is required to be approximately the same as the maximum protruding Z-axis stroke amount of the above, so that a pair of front bearings that support the front and rear ends of the spindle 1 with the motor sandwiched in the spindle head 3 are provided. 31,31 and rear bearing 3
Therefore, the rotation accuracy of the spindle 1 is deteriorated. Further, the rigidity of the spindle head 3 and the spindle 1 is also lowered, which is disadvantageous in terms of thermal expansion. Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a cover device for a machine tool, which can shorten the length of the protrusion of the spindle head toward the machining area from the Z-axis stroke, and further can shorten and compact the spindle head and the entire spindle. .

[0004]

In view of this object, the present invention has the respective constituent features described below. (1) In a machine tool in which a spindle head that supports a spindle moves in a Z-axis direction along an axis of the spindle with respect to a spindle head support, a cylindrical protrusion that projects into a machining area of the spindle head, A cylindrical cover that covers the outer periphery of the protrusion of the spindle head and is movable back and forth in the Z-axis direction, a seal member that seals between the outer periphery of the protrusion of the spindle head and the cylindrical cover, the outer periphery of the cylindrical cover, and A machine tool including another seal member for sealing between the spindle head support and a cover interlocking unit for moving the cylindrical cover in the Z-axis direction following the movement of the spindle head in the Z-axis direction. Cover device.

(2) While the spindle head supporting the spindle is supported by the spindle head support, the spindle head moves in the Z-axis direction along the axis of the spindle and in the three orthogonal X- and Y-axis directions orthogonal to the Z-axis. The machine tool has a cylindrical protrusion that projects into the machining area of the spindle head, and a circular opening that projects the protrusion of the spindle head into the machining area, and along with the spindle head in the X and Y axis directions. A planar cover that is movable and covers the facing portion of the spindle head support facing the machining area, and is inserted and installed in a circular opening of the planar cover, and the spindle head from the planar cover to the machining area is A cylindrical cover that covers the outer periphery of the protruding portion and is movable back and forth in the Z-axis direction; and a seal member that seals between the outer periphery of the protruding portion of the spindle head and the cylindrical cover
Another sealing member that seals between the outer periphery of the cylindrical cover and the planar cover, and cover interlocking means for moving the cylindrical cover in the Z-axis direction following the movement of the spindle head in the Z-axis direction. A cover device for a machine tool, comprising:

(3) The cover interlocking means is provided on the cylindrical cover and has elastic means for constantly urging the cylindrical cover rearward of the spindle head, and a maximum from a predetermined position in the middle of a stroke of the spindle head in the Z-axis direction. The machine tool according to the above (1) or (2), which comprises an engaging means for engaging the cylindrical cover so as to move integrally with the spindle head up to the protruding position. Cover device. (4) The cover interlocking means is provided on the cylindrical cover, and the spindle head is adjusted such that a ratio of a movement amount of the spindle head in the Z-axis direction to a movement amount of the cylindrical cover in the Z-axis direction is 2: 1. The machine tool cover device according to the above (1) or (2), which comprises a roller that slides between the spindle head support and the spindle head support. (5) The cover interlocking means includes a pinion provided on the cylindrical cover, and a rack provided on the spindle head and the spindle head support so as to mesh with the pinion, respectively. The machine tool cover device according to item (1) or (2), wherein the ratio of the amount of movement in the axial direction to the amount of movement in the Z axis direction of the cylindrical cover is 2: 1.

[0007]

With the above-described structure, the protrusion of the spindle head, which may be moved together with the cylindrical cover when it is moved in the Z-axis protrusion direction and may be exposed to the machining area, can be made shorter than the Z-axis stroke amount. The cylindrical cover, which should not be exposed to the processing area, is protected by the cylinder cover moving a minimum amount in the Z-axis direction.

[0008]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is an enlarged sectional view showing the periphery of a spindle head equipped with a cover device for a machine tool according to a first embodiment of the present invention,
FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing the periphery of a spindle head provided with a machine tool cover device according to a second embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 3 is a spindle provided with a machine tool cover device according to a third embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing the periphery of the head, FIG. 4 is a front view showing a machining center equipped with the cover device for a machine tool of the present invention,
FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along line AA in FIG.

Referring to FIGS. 4 and 5, the machining center 81 has a column 63 standing upright on the bed 61, moved in the X-axis direction along an X-axis guide rail 67 provided on the bed 61, and has a cross section. The Y-axis guide rail 69 in which the spindle head support 5 having a substantially U shape is provided on the side surface of the column 63.
A spindle head carrier 7 that moves along the Y axis in the Y axis direction and is integral with the spindle head 3 and provided with a Z axis guide rail 71 has an upper portion of the inner surface of the spindle head support base 5 having a substantially U-shaped cross section, in the Z axis direction. To move to. In addition, in FIG. 5, the spindle head 3 is located at the center position of each stroke in the X and Y axis directions and the Z position.
The state when the shaft reaches the maximum protruding position is shown. Further, on the side surface of the spindle head support base 5, a spindle head storage cover 65 having a substantially U-shaped cross-section like the spindle head support base 5 is provided.
Also, it is attached so as to cover the spindle head carrier 7. Further, an outer shape cover 77 is provided so as to cover the entire outer shape of the machining center 81, a cylindrical cover 9 covering the outer periphery of the protrusion 3a of the spindle head 3 to the machining area, and a machining area of the spindle head support 5 surrounding the outer circumference of the cylindrical cover 9. A planar cover 79 is also provided to cover the facing portion of the. Flat cover 79
A pair of Y-axis covers 75 guided inside the pair of X-axis covers 73 guided by a guide member (not shown) attached to the outer shape cover 77 is attached to the X-axis cover 3, and thus the X-axis of the spindle head 3 is attached. , It is possible to cover the facing portion of the spindle head support base 5 with the processing region according to the movement in the Y-axis direction. In addition, a removal portion 5a provided on the spindle head support 5,
Pull-out portion (not shown) provided on the spindle head storage cover 65
Connect with the mounting surface of the spindle head support base 5 and the spindle head storage cover 65, and form a relief portion 21 when the spindle head 3 and the cylindrical cover 9 move in the Z-axis direction.

FIG. 1 is an enlarged sectional view showing the periphery of a spindle head equipped with a machine tool cover device according to a first embodiment of the present invention, showing a state in which the spindle head 3 is at the Z-axis maximum retracted position. ing. Spindle head 3 integrated with spindle head carrier 7
The front end of the main spindle 1 inside is the housing part 3 at the front of the main spindle head 3.
It is supported by a pair of front bearings 31 and 31 fitted in b, the outer ring collar 27 and the inner ring collar 29 are inserted between the pair of front bearings 31 and 31, and the pair of front bearings 31 is tightened with a bearing retainer 25 and a nut 33. , 31 is preloaded. The rear end of the spindle 1 has a bearing case 3 attached to the rear of the spindle head 3.
5 is supported by a rear bearing 39 fitted therein, and is tightened by a bearing retainer 37 and a nut 41 to preload the rear bearing 39. The pair of front bearings 31, 31 and the rear bearing 39 rotatably support the main shaft 1 at both front and rear ends within the main spindle head 3. Further, the rotor 43 is attached to the outer periphery of the intermediate portion of the main shaft 1,
The stator 45 is attached so as to have a minute gap with the rotor 43 so as to be in contact with the inner surface portion of the motor mounting portion 3c of the spindle head 3, and the spindle 1 is rotated by exciting the built-in motor including the rotor 43 and the stator 45. ing. Wiring (not shown) to the motor and a pipe (not shown) for sending a coolant for cooling the pair of front bearings 31, 31 and rear bearing 39 are provided on the outer periphery 3d of the motor mounting portion 3c of the spindle head 3. Etc. are installed respectively.

The cylindrical cover 9 is provided with a seal 13 for sealing the outer periphery of the protruding portion 3a of the spindle head 3, and between the rear portion of the cylindrical cover 9 and the bottom of the hollow portion 5a of the spindle head support 5. The attached spring 19 constantly biases the spindle head 3 rearward. Further, a guide block 17 for guiding the movement of the cylindrical cover 9 in the Z-axis direction is attached to the outer circumference of the cylindrical cover 9, and is slid with the inner circumference of the removed portion 5a of the spindle head support 5 as a sliding surface. Further, a stopper 5b is provided with a stepped portion 5a so as to apply an urging force to the spring 19 when the cylindrical cover 9 does not move and always urge the rearward of the spindle head 3. Further, inside the front surface portion of the cylindrical cover 9, a cushioning material 2 is provided for cushioning the impact of engagement with the flange portion 3e of the spindle head 3 when interlocking with the spindle head 3.
3 is attached. The front part of the spindle head support 5 is
A seal 11 provided on the spindle head support 5 via a seal retainer 15 seals between the removed portion 5a of the spindle head support 5 and the outer circumference of the cylindrical cover 9. Here, as described above, the seal 11 is provided on the flat cover 79 that surrounds the outer circumference of the cylindrical cover 9 and covers the facing portion of the spindle head support 5 with the processing area, and seals the outer circumference of the flat cover 79 and the cylindrical cover 9. You may do it.

Therefore, the spindle head 3 moves in the Z-axis protruding direction, and the flange portion 3 of the spindle head 3 is in the middle of the Z-axis protruding stroke.
e and the inside of the front surface of the cylindrical cover 9 are engaged with each other, and the projecting portion 3a of the spindle head 3 is projected from the cylindrical cover 9 and integrated together to the Z-axis maximum projecting position of the spindle head 9 (imaginary line in FIG. 1). Moving. Further, when the spindle head 3 moves in the Z-axis retracting direction from the middle position of the Z-axis stroke in which the protruding portion 3a of the spindle head 3 projects from the cylindrical cover 9, the cylindrical cover 9 moves the spring 19 toward the rear of the spindle head 3. By the urging force, it moves together with the spindle head 3, and at the Z-axis maximum retracted position of the spindle head 3, the guide block 17 attached to the outer periphery of the cylindrical cover 9 is attached to the stopper portion 5b provided in the removed portion 5a of the spindle head support base 5. The hit cylindrical cover 9 does not move from that position.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing the periphery of a spindle head equipped with a machine tool cover device according to a second embodiment of the present invention. As with FIG. 1, the spindle head 3 is at the Z-axis maximum retracted position. The state is shown. Since the inside of the spindle head 3 has the same configuration as that in FIG. 1, detailed description thereof will be omitted. The cylindrical cover 9 is provided with a seal 13 that seals between the outer circumference of the protruding portion 3a of the spindle head 3 and is rotatable with respect to a roller mounting block 49 mounted on the rear portion of the cylindrical cover 9.
7 is provided, and is slidably pressed between the inner periphery of the removed portion 5a of the spindle head support 5 and the outer periphery 3d of the motor mounting portion 3c of the spindle head 3. Further, a stopper 51 is attached to the front portion of the removal portion 5a of the spindle head support base 5 so that the cylindrical cover 9 cannot be pulled out to the front of the machine. Inside the front surface portion of the cylindrical cover 9, a cushioning material 23 is attached for cushioning the impact of engagement with the flange portion 3e of the spindle head 3 when interlocking with the spindle head 3. Further, the front face portion of the spindle head support 5 is provided with a seal 11 on a flat cover 79 that surrounds the outer periphery of the cylindrical cover 9 and covers a facing portion of the spindle head support 5 with the processing region. The outer circumference of 9 is sealed.

Therefore, the amount of movement of the cylindrical cover 9 in the Z-axis protruding direction is 1 / the amount of movement of the spindle head 3 in the Z-axis protruding direction.
Roller 4 provided behind the cylindrical cover 9 so that
7 is slidably pressed between the inner periphery of the removed portion 5a of the spindle head support 5 and the outer periphery 3d of the motor mounting portion 3c of the spindle head 3,
When the spindle head 3 is moved in the Z-axis projecting direction, the flange portion 3 of the spindle head 3 is at the Z-axis maximum projecting position (imaginary line in FIG. 1) while the projecting portion 3a of the spindle head 3 projects from the cylindrical cover 9.
e engages with the inside of the front surface of the cylindrical cover 9. Further, when the spindle head 3 moves in the Z-axis retracting direction from the Z-axis stroke position where the protrusion 3a of the spindle head 3 projects from the cylindrical cover 9, the cylindrical cover 9 can be moved in the same manner as when the spindle head 3 is projected.
Moves so that the amount of movement of the cylindrical cover 9 in the Z-axis retracting direction is 1/2 of the amount of movement of the spindle head 3 in the Z-axis retracting direction.

FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing the periphery of a spindle head equipped with a machine tool cover device according to a third embodiment of the present invention. As with FIGS. It shows the state when it reaches the position. Since the spindle head 3 has the same structure as that shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, detailed description thereof will be omitted. The cylindrical cover 9 is provided with a seal 13 that seals between the outer periphery of the protruding portion 3a of the spindle head 3, and a pinion 53 that is rotatable with respect to a pinion mounting block 55 attached to the rear portion of the cylindrical cover 9. Racks 57 are attached to the inner periphery of the removed portion 5a of the head support 5 and the outer periphery 3d of the motor attachment portion 3c of the spindle head 3, respectively.
Further, a stopper 59 is attached to the front portion of the removal portion 5a of the spindle head support base 5 so that the cylindrical cover 9 cannot be pulled out toward the front of the machine. Inside the front surface of the cylindrical cover 9, the flange portion 3 of the spindle head 3 when interlocking with the spindle head 3.
A cushioning member 23 is attached to reduce the impact of engagement with e. Further, the front face portion of the spindle head support 5 is provided with a seal 11 on a flat cover 79 that surrounds the outer periphery of the cylindrical cover 9 and covers a facing portion of the spindle head support 5 with the processing region. The outer circumference of 9 is sealed.

Therefore, the amount of movement of the cylindrical cover 9 in the Z-axis protruding direction is 1 / the amount of movement of the spindle head 3 in the Z-axis protruding direction.
The rack 5 in which the pinion 53 provided at the rear of the cylindrical cover 9 is attached to the inner periphery of the removal portion 5a of the spindle head support 5 and the outer periphery 3d of the motor mounting portion 3c of the spindle head 3 so as to be 2
7 is slidable with respect to 7, and the spindle head 3 is moved in the Z-axis projecting direction, the projecting portion 3a of the spindle head 3 projects from the cylindrical cover 9 at the Z-axis maximum projecting position (imaginary line in FIG. 1). The flange portion 3e of 3 and the inside of the front surface portion of the cylindrical cover 9 are engaged with each other. Further, from the position of the Z-axis stroke where the protruding portion 3 a of the spindle head 3 projects from the cylindrical cover 9,
Is moving in the Z-axis retracting direction, the cylindrical cover 9 is moved in the Z-axis retracting direction relative to the moving amount of the spindle head 3 in the Z-axis retracting direction, similarly to when the spindle head 3 is projected. Move so that is 1/2.

From the above, the outer periphery 3d of the motor mounting portion 3c of the spindle head 3 can be projected into the machining area while being protected by the cylindrical cover, and the motor mounting portion 3 of the spindle head 3 can be projected.
Wiring to the motor connected to the outer circumference 3d of c and a pair of front bearings 31, 31 for rotatably supporting the front and rear ends of the spindle 1 in the spindle head 3, and the rear bearing 3
There is no damage to the piping or the like for sending the cooling liquid for cooling 9. Further, the spindle head 3 and the spindle 1 as a whole can be made short and compact.

[0018]

EFFECT OF THE INVENTION A cylindrical cover is provided for covering the protruding portion of the spindle head into the machining area when the spindle head moves in the Z-axis direction, and the cylindrical cover is interlocked with the movement of the spindle head in the Z-axis direction. Since the motor mounting part of the spindle head can be projected into the machining area, the spindle head or the spindle can be shortened and made compact, and the distance between the bearings that support the front and rear ends of the spindle with the motor in the spindle head can be reduced. The rotation accuracy is improved, the rigidity of the spindle head and the spindle is increased, the adverse effect due to thermal expansion is reduced, and the cost can be reduced by manufacturing the spindle head and the spindle small. Further, the wiring of the spindle head motor mounting portion to the motor and the piping for the cooling liquid for cooling the bearing are always covered with the cylindrical cover even if the spindle head moves in the Z-axis direction, so there is no risk of damage. . Further, in the range of the entire Z-axis stroke, the cylinder cover does not cover the front end face of the spindle head, and is always at the position retracted from the front end face of the spindle head, so that good accessibility to the work can be maintained.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an enlarged sectional view showing the periphery of a spindle head equipped with a cover device for a machine tool according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged sectional view showing the periphery of a spindle head equipped with a cover device for a machine tool according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is an enlarged sectional view showing the periphery of a spindle head equipped with a cover device for a machine tool according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a front view showing a machining center provided with a cover device for a machine tool of the present invention.

5 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG. 4 showing a machining center provided with a cover device for a machine tool of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is an enlarged sectional view showing the periphery of a spindle head of a conventional machine tool.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Spindle 3 Spindle Head 3a Projection 5 Spindle Head Support 7 Spindle Head Carrier 9 Cylindrical Cover 11 Seal 13 Seal 19 Spring 47 Roller 53 Pinion 57 Rack 79 Planar Cover

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A machine tool in which a spindle head that supports a spindle moves in a Z-axis direction along an axis of the spindle with respect to a spindle head support, and a cylindrical protruding portion that projects into a machining area of the spindle head. A cylindrical cover that covers the outer circumference of the protrusion of the spindle head and is movable back and forth in the Z-axis direction; a seal member that seals between the outer circumference of the protrusion of the spindle head and the cylindrical cover; And another seal member for sealing between the spindle head support base and a cover interlocking means for moving the cylindrical cover in the Z axis direction following the movement of the spindle head in the Z axis direction. A machine tool cover device characterized by the above. 2. A work in which a spindle head supporting a spindle is moved in a Z-axis direction along the axis of the spindle and three orthogonal X- and Y-axis directions orthogonal to the Z-axis while being supported by a spindle head support. The machine has a cylindrical protrusion protruding into the machining area of the spindle head, and a circular opening for protruding the protrusion of the spindle head into the machining area, and moves in the X and Y axis directions together with the spindle head. It is possible to insert a flat cover that covers the facing portion of the spindle head support with the working area, and insert it into the circular opening of the flat cover, and project the spindle head from the flat cover to the working area. A cylindrical cover that covers the outer circumference of the portion and is movable back and forth in the Z-axis direction; a seal member that seals between the outer circumference of the protruding portion of the spindle head and the cylindrical cover; and the outer circumference of the cylindrical cover and the planar cover. Other seal members that seal between spaces Covering device for a machine tool, characterized by comprising a cover interlocking means for movement As the Z-axis direction the cylinder cover to follow the movement of the Z-axis direction of the spindle head. 3. The cover interlocking means is provided on the cylindrical cover and has elastic means for constantly urging the cylindrical cover rearward of the spindle head, and a maximum projection from a predetermined position in the middle of a stroke of the spindle head in the Z-axis direction. The cover device for a machine tool according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the cover is configured to be engaged with the spindle head so as to move integrally with the spindle head up to a position. 4. The cover interlocking means is provided on the cylindrical cover so that the ratio of the amount of movement of the spindle head in the Z-axis direction to the amount of movement of the cylindrical cover in the Z-axis direction is 2: 1. The machine tool cover device according to claim 1 or 2, comprising a roller that slides between a spindle head and the spindle head support. 5. The cover interlocking means includes a pinion provided on the cylindrical cover, and a rack provided on the spindle head and the spindle head support so as to mesh with the pinion, respectively. The ratio of the amount of movement in the Z-axis direction to the amount of movement of the cylindrical cover in the Z-axis direction is 2: 1.
The cover device for a machine tool according to claim 1, wherein