JPH08103726A - Preliminary screening device for resource refuse - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To provide a preliminary screening device for the resource refuse for separating securely films and sheets contained in the resource refuse out of a broken bag, screening and removing the resource refuse and leftovers clogging meshes of a net easily accompaning the resource refuse of low classifying accuracy and screening glass bottles and metal cans with a high purity. CONSTITUTION: A plurality of grizzly bars 31 as rough screens connected together in an inclined trough 11 with the intervals of steps 32 are provided, and the comb teeth 36 rotating in the range from the position where the ends of bars are set close to respective steps 32 to the position where the ends are on the upper positions at the rear are provided, and rough refuse is screened and separated from the films and sheets. Elastic nets 41 repeating tension and looseness at a high speed as fine screens are provided below the grizzly bars 31 to separate and screen completely the leftovers from the metal cans.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an apparatus for preliminarily sorting and collecting recyclable waste, and more particularly to separating and excluding films and sheets used for packaging recyclable waste, as well as coarse and fine dust. The present invention relates to an apparatus for selecting and removing residues such as raw garbage and selecting glass bottles and metal cans as resource refuse with high purity.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, recyclable glass bottles and metal cans among garbage discharged from general households and public facilities can be separately collected as resource garbage different from general garbage. It is supposed to be done. The glass bottles and metal cans are mainly put in a plastic film bag and taken out to the collection point.

Glass bottles and metal cans of recyclable garbage are collected and carried into a sorting processing factory, and then a bag breaking machine is used to break the bags made of plastic film, sheets, etc., and then supplied to a preliminary sorting device. The films and sheets that hinder the sorting of the products are sorted out, the glass bottles and metal cans to be collected are sorted, and finally the glass bottles are color-coded, and the metal cans are sorted into steel cans and aluminum cans. To be done.

In the above preparatory selection process, the film
Simultaneous with the separation of sheets, coarse dust accompanied by resource dust with low sorting accuracy, such as PET bottles and pots, magazines,
Or, similarly, fine dust, raw dust, that is, glass as residues, which is accompanied by resource dust with low sorting accuracy,
A suitable sorting device that can also remove pottery debris and leftover food has not yet been developed, and even modern state-of-the-art sorting plants rely on manual labor to sort and separate film / sheets and coarse debris. Is the current situation. The "sheet separation device" according to Japanese Patent Application No. 6-95669 filed by the present applicant discloses a preliminary sorting device for separating films and sheets by comb teeth and a vacuum system. The separation mechanism for films and sheets is a little complicated, and the coarse dust that accompanies the waste with low sorting accuracy,
The residues are not sorted and separated.

[0005]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and separates, with a simple mechanism, film-and-sheets that have been separated and collected and contained in the resource waste that has been subjected to a bag-breaking machine. Further, it is an object of the present invention to provide a preparatory sorting apparatus for resource waste that can sort and separate coarse dirt and residues that accompany resource waste with low sorting accuracy.

[0006]

[Means for Solving the Problems] The above object is to provide a plurality of coarse screens connected with a step downward, and to connect the tip from a position where the tip is brought closer to the upper end of the step from the downstream side. A vibration selection device comprising a combination of a plurality of comb teeth that can be flipped up and rotated to an upper position on a downstream side, and a thin screen below these comb teeth, wherein the comb teeth on the upstream side of the adjacent comb teeth are the tips. During the rotation cycle for flipping up, the tips of the downstream comb teeth are driven so that they are located close to the upper end of the step, and the films and sheets in the resource waste supplied from the bag breaking machine are In the rotation cycle of the comb teeth upward, the scraps are scooped and sorted out, and the coarse dust is sorted on the screen of the rough screen, and the glass bottles and metal cans collected as resource dust are the rough screens. Preliminary selection of recyclable waste, characterized in that it is sorted as a sieve under the thin screen, and residues such as raw dust having a diameter smaller than that of the glass bottles / metal cans are sorted under the sieve of the thin screen. Achieved by the device.

[0007]

In the vibrating and sieving device, since a plurality of coarse screens are connected with a downward step, the coarse dust accompanying the resource dust supplied from the bag breaking machine is selected as the sieve of the coarse screen. The film / sheets are picked up and separated by a plurality of comb teeth having their tips approaching the upper end of the step and being rotated upward on the downstream side. At this time, since the adjacent comb teeth do not rotate at the same time, the films and sheets can be reliably picked up by the comb teeth. or,
Coarse dust is turned upside down when dropped on a step and is efficiently sieved, and residues such as raw dust adhered upon impact are separated. Glass bottles and metal cans as resource waste are selected as a sieve under the coarse screen and as a sieve under the fine screen below, and residues are sorted as a sieve under the fine screen.

[0008]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT A preparatory sorting apparatus for resource waste according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a partially cutaway side view showing the whole of the resource dust preliminary sorting apparatus 1 of this embodiment, FIG. 2 is a plan view thereof, and FIG. 3 is a [3]-[3] line direction in FIG. 4 is a partially broken arrow view, and FIG. 4 is a view taken along line [4]-[4] in FIG.

In FIG. 1, a preparatory sorting apparatus 1 for recyclable garbage
The inclined trough 11 of the
It has a downward inclination of 0 degree. This inclination causes the collected and crushed resource waste to be thrown into the inclined trough 11 from a high place, while the sorted and separated glass bottles / metal cans m and the residue g such as raw waste are as much as possible. This is for taking out at a low place, and for smoothing the transfer of residues g such as raw dust on the bottom plate 11B of the inclined trough 11 and the glass bottles / metal cans m on the screen of the elastic net 41 described later. The inclined trough 11 is connected to a counterweight 15 by a lever 14 whose center is supported by a stand 13 on a frame 12. Similarly, a coil spring 16 is connected between the inclined trough 11 and the counterweight 15 in a direction perpendicular to the lever 14. This coil spring 16 determines the tuning frequency of the tilt trough 11. And frame 1
Reference numeral 2 is installed on the inclined base floor surface 18 via a vibration-proof coil 17.

Further, the mounting plate 2 fixed to the outer surface of the side wall 11W of the inclined trough 11 and the crankshaft 22 which is belt-driven by the drive motor 21 installed on the frame 12.
4 is connected by a rod 23. That is, one end of the rod 23 is pivotally attached to the crankshaft 22, and the other end is vertically sandwiched by the rubber spring 25 in the mounting plate 24. The rod 23 is connected to the inclined trough 11 via the rubber 25. There is. And this rod 23
The reciprocating motion causes the inclined trough 11 to linearly vibrate in the direction of arrow a, and the resource dust in the inclined trough 11 is transferred from the left side to the right side in FIG. In addition,
A rubber spring 25 incorporated between the rod 23 and the mounting plate 24 is provided to protect the drive system from impact load.

In the upper part of the inclined trough 11, 5 units of grizzly bars 31 as a coarse screen having iron bars arranged in the transfer direction are connected in series with a step 32 downward, and the distance between the iron bars is 100 mm. It is said to be open. The four units of grizzly bars 31 from the upstream side are inclined slightly upward toward the downstream side, and the retention time of the resource waste transferred by vibration is lengthened to improve the efficiency of sieving. Grizzly bar 31 is an inclined trough 11
The same inclination as the above, and a coarse dust G of 100 mm or more, for example, a large PET bottle is discharged from the discharge port 33 at the downstream end thereof.

Also referring to FIG. 2, the respective pivot shafts 35 are supported by the bearings on the four mounts 34 provided on the upper ends of the side walls 11W of the inclined trough 11, and the comb teeth 36 of four units are supported.
Is provided. The comb teeth 36 are rotated by a driving source (not shown) from the upstream end to the downstream end of each of the four units of the grizzly bar 31, that is, from a position close to the upper end of the step 32 to a position at an angle of 160 degrees upward. It has become so. The comb teeth 36 are provided for scooping up the film sheets transferred on the grizzly bar 31, and when the comb teeth 36 are flipped up, the film
The sheets are provided above the grizzly bar 31, and a part of the side wall 11W of the inclined trough 11 is cut out to cut out the inclined trough 1.
It is dropped into the discharge chute 38 fixed to 1. The discharge chute 38 is provided with an inclination toward the right side (left side in FIG. 4) facing the transfer direction with reference to FIG.
Then, at the position where the comb teeth 36 are flipped up, air is ejected to the film / sheets that are entangled,
An air jet 37 is provided for assisting the fall, and air is jetted as shown by arrow b. In addition,
Illustration of the jet air source is omitted.

The rotation of the adjacent comb teeth 36 is sequenced so that when one of them is in a rotation cycle, the other is in a position in which the tip of the comb teeth 36 is close to the downstream end of the grizzly bar 31, the film is The sheets are prevented from being transferred to the discharge port 33 of the grizzly bar 36. Further, each comb tooth 36 is provided so as to be oblique to the transfer direction when viewed in the plan view of FIG. 2, but this is because if the number of comb teeth is increased, the transfer of coarse dust is hindered. This is a procedure for avoiding and widening the width that one comb tooth covers.

Below the grizzly bar 31 in the inclined trough 11, an elastic net 41 made of urethane rubber called "Vivitech" as a trade name with reference to FIGS. 1 and 3 is provided as a fine screen from the upstream end. It is provided continuously to the downstream end. The elastic net 41 has a mesh 43 of 30 mm, and the glass bottle / metal can m as a sieve is discharged from the discharge port 43 at the downstream end. As shown in FIG. 3, the elastic net 41 is formed by connecting a plurality of horizontally long rectangular elastic net units 42 in a direction perpendicular to the transfer direction.

With reference to FIGS. 1, 3 and 4, the elastic net 41 has block rubbers 45a, 45b of a rubber spring 45 in a spring assembly 44 attached to the outer surfaces of both side walls 11W of the inclined trough 11 at equal intervals. The strip-shaped connecting plate 46 is provided so as to be sandwiched and integrated with the above, and extends from the upstream end portion to the downstream end portion. Further, as shown in a partially broken portion shown by removing the elastic net 41 in FIG. 3, a plurality of cross members 47 are provided at equal intervals by fixing both ends to the connecting plates 46 on both sides, and the connecting plate 46 and the ladder are provided. Forming a vibrating frame. Since this cross member 47 penetrates the side wall 11W of the inclined trough 11, referring to FIG. 5 which is a partial sectional view taken along the line [5]-[5] in FIG. Circular opening 1 around
A circular plate 48 is provided on the cross member 47 in proximity to the side wall to prevent the resource dust from falling through the circular opening 19. Returning to FIG. 3, referring also to FIG. 5, fixed ends are fixed to the inner surface of both side walls 11W of the inclined trough 11 at the intermediate position between the cross members 47 and the upstream end and the downstream end of the elastic net 41. 49 are provided. Then, each elastic net unit 42 is inserted into the cross member 47 that vibrates with one of the edges on the long side as a vibrating frame,
The other edge is inserted into a fixed cross member 49 fixed to the side wall 11W and set, and an elastic net 41 as a whole is formed.

When the inclined trough 11 linearly vibrates, the connecting plate 46 constituting the vibrating frame is vibrated in the vibration direction of the inclined trough 11 via the block rubbers 45a and 45b of the spring assembly 44. 5, between each fixed cross member 49, for example, each cross member 47 forming a vibrating frame moves to the left inside the circular opening 19 in FIG. Therefore, the elastic net unit 42a on the left side of the cross member 47 is in a loosened state, and the elastic net unit 42b on the right side of the cross member 47 is in a tight state. After that, the cross member 47 moves rightward in the circular opening 19 mainly due to the rubber elasticity of the block rubbers 45a and 45b in the rubber spring 45, and the elastic net unit 42a becomes in a tensioned state, and the elastic net unit 42
This elastic net unit 42a, 42 in which b is in a slackened state
By repeating the tension and slack of b at high speed,
Acceleration of about 50 G is applied in the vertical direction to forcibly remove the deposits on the mesh 43 of the elastic net 41 and prevent clogging.

Of course, at this time, the fixed cross member 49 also linearly vibrates together with the inclined trough 11, but the acceleration that the elastic net 41 receives due to this linear vibration is about 5 G, and the elastic net 41 is subject to this linear vibration. Rubber assembly 44
Rubber springs 45, that is, block rubbers 45a and 45b
Since the rubber elasticity and the rubber elasticity of the elastic net 41 itself are combined and vibrate, different vibrations are generated in the inclined trough 11 and the elastic net 41 by the driving of the drive motor 21.

Further, referring to FIG. 1, the bottom plate 11B of the inclined trough 11 serves as a transfer path for residues as a sieve under the elastic net 41, and a discharge port 39 is provided at the downstream end thereof.

Preliminary sorting apparatus 1 for resource waste according to this embodiment
Is configured as described above, and its operation will be described below.

Recyclable garbage in bags of plastic films and sheets collected from ordinary households and public facilities,
That is, the glass bottles and metal cans m are brought into the sorting plant and are first put into a bag-breaking machine to form a film of recyclable waste.
In the state in which the sheets are mixed, they are thrown onto the grizzly bar 31 at the upstream end of the inclined trough 11 in the preparatory sorting apparatus 1 for resource waste shown in FIG. Of course, at this time, it is assumed that the resource dust preliminary sorting apparatus 1 is energized and necessary compressed air is supplied and is in an operating state. That is, the drive motor 21 drives the belt to rotate the crankshaft 22, and the rod 23 connected to the crankshaft 22 reciprocates, so that the inclined trough 11 to which the other end of the rod 23 is fixed moves in the direction of arrow a. It vibrates linearly. Also, comb teeth 3
When the comb teeth 36 adjacent to each other are in a rotation cycle, the comb teeth 36 are sequence-controlled so that the tips of the other comb teeth 36 are located near the upper end of the step 32 of the grizzly bar 31. In addition, air is ejected from the air ejection hole 37 provided in the comb tooth 36 at the position where the comb tooth 36 is flipped upward in the rotation cycle in the rotation cycle.

The resource dust put on the grizzly bar 31 is screened by the grizzly bar 31 having a mesh size of 100 mm as a rough screen, while the coarse dust G and the films / sheets F are screened on the grizzly bar 31. It is transferred downstream and reaches step 32. Here, when the comb teeth 36 are above in the rotation cycle, the coarse dust G naturally drops the step 32 onto the grizzly bar 31 below, and the sieving and transfer are continued. Even when the tips of the comb teeth 36 are close to the upper ends of the steps 32, the coarse dust G passes through the gaps between the teeth of the comb teeth 36 and drops onto the grizzly bar 31 below. At the time of this drop, when the resource dust put on the grizzly bar 31 forms a layer such as a fine dust as an upper layer, the upper and lower sides are turned upside down and agitated to improve the efficiency of sieving, Further, when the drop impact is received, the residues of raw garbage attached to the coarse dust G are separated. the film·
The sheets F are caught by the comb teeth 36 and do not drop downward.
Then, the film / sheets F caught at the position where the comb teeth 36 have been flipped up in the rotation cycle and rotated most greatly are detached from the comb teeth 36 by being assisted by the air ejected from the air ejection holes 37. It falls into the discharge chute 38. The film / sheets F that have fallen onto the discharge chute 38 are assisted by the vibration of the inclined trough 11 and are slid downward on the downward inclined surface of the discharge chute 38 to be eliminated. The steps 32 of the grizzly bar 31, the comb teeth 36, and the discharge chutes 38 of the film / sheets F are provided at four places, and the separation / exclusion of the film / sheets F that obstructs the subsequent separation and separation is carefully performed. The coarse dust G on the sieve is sorted out from the discharge port 33 at the downstream end of the grizzly bar 31.

As a sieve under the grizzly bar 31, glass bottles / metal cans m and residues as fine dust are opened by 3 meshes.
Although dropping onto the 0 mm elastic net 41, the glass bottles and metal cans to be collected are sorted and separated from the outlet 43 at the downstream end as the sieve of the elastic net 41.

The residues fall under the sieve of the elastic net 41 onto the bottom plate 11B of the inclined trough 11, are vibrated to the downstream end on the bottom plate 11B, and are taken out from the discharge port 39.
Further, even if the residue contains a large amount of water such as leftover food and raw garbage and the mesh is clogged with an ordinary screen, a large acceleration is given by the elastic net 41 which repeats tension and slack at high speed. As a result, the mesh 43 of the elastic net 41 does not become clogged, and the residues are completely separated under the sieve of the elastic net 41 and are not mixed in the glass bottle / metal can m.

In this way, glass bottles and metal cans m
Collects waste that has low sorting accuracy as resource waste,
Even when coarse dust G and fine residues that cause clogging are accompanied, the glass bottles / metal cans m are selected with high purity, and the subsequent resource recovery process is facilitated. Further, since labor is not required for separating the films / sheets F and selecting the coarse dust G, the labor cost is greatly reduced.

The vibrating system whose product name is "Vivitech" will be described below. As shown in the drawing, plate rubbers 45a and 45b attached to both sides of the first mass portions 46 and 47 (reference numerals corresponding to the above-mentioned components), the first mass portion 49 fixed to the other surface thereof. (Although there are other members that belong to this, but they are representatively shown), they are integrated with the inclined trough 11. The first mass portions 46 and 47 are fixed to one end side of the elastic net 41, and the other end side thereof is fixed to the inclined trough 11 via the component 49. The inclined trough 11 receives an exciting force from the crank drive unit as described above, and if the mass is sufficiently large, the plate rubbers 45a,
A resonance system is formed by the total mass of the first mass parts 46 and 47 attached via 5b and the total spring constant of the plate rubbers 45a and 45b, and this resonance frequency corresponds to the frequency of the exciting force of the inclined trough 11. The settings are almost equal. Although various kinds of dust as described above are loaded on the "Vivitech" screen 41, the resonance frequency is determined in consideration of their weights. Although the inclined trough 11 vibrates in the above-mentioned direction, the spring constants of the plate rubbers 45a and 45b are the smallest in the shearing direction, and the resonance frequency is determined by the spring constant in this direction. 47 is P
It vibrates in the direction indicated by. That is, it resonates with the force of the horizontal component x of the inclined trough 11. Due to this resonance, the elastic net 41, whose spring constant is almost negligible, oscillates as nearly sinusoidal as shown by the one-dot chain line. Is −cω ² sin ωt. Since the amplitude c is very large, it resonates at the same vibration as the frequency of the exciting force of the inclined trough 11, but cω ² corresponds to the above-mentioned vertical velocity 50G. Therefore, various kinds of dust on this can be efficiently sieved by receiving a large acceleration.

Although the embodiment of the present invention has been described above, the present invention is not limited to this, and various modifications can be made based on the technical idea of the present invention.

For example, in the present embodiment, the drive system linearly oscillates the inclined trough 11 by the crankshaft 22 and the rod 23. However, both ends of the rotating shaft through which the both side walls 11W of the inclined trough 11 are inserted, that is, both sides. A semicircular unbalanced weight may be fixed to the rotation shaft outside the wall 11W, and the tilt trough 11 may be vibrated by rotating the rotation shaft. Furthermore, other methods,
For example, the inclined trough 11 may be vibrated by an electromagnetic force.

Further, in this embodiment, the grizzly bar 3 is used.
Although 5 units 1 are provided, in order to more surely separate the raw dust and the like adhering to the coarse dust G, the same as the elastic net 41 in which the grizzly bar 31 at the most downstream is adopted as a fine screen,
It is also possible to use an elastic net that gives a large acceleration.

Further, in this embodiment, the discharge chute 38 of the film / sheets F is fixed to the inclined trough 11, but in order to reduce the vibration load, it is independent of the inclined trough 11 and the floor surface is provided via a support column. May be supported by.

Further, in this embodiment, the grizzly bar 31 is provided as the rough screen, but it may be a mesh screen in which metal rods or metal strips are assembled in a grid pattern. Further, in this embodiment, an elastic net 41 which vibrates differently from the slanted trough 11 is used as the thin screen, but when there is no risk of clogging by residues, a general screen such as the slanted trough is used. A punching metal stretched over 11 may be used.

[0032]

As described above, according to the apparatus for preliminarily sorting recyclable garbage of the present invention, it is possible to surely separate the films and sheets contained in the crushed recyclable garbage, and to improve the accuracy of separating the recyclable garbage. Even if it is accompanied by residues such as low and coarse dust and raw dust that easily fills the mesh, the coarse dust is turned upside down when dropped on a step and is efficiently screened, and the raw dust is attached by the impact of dropping. Since residues such as trash are separated and sorted, and residues such as raw garbage are sorted and separated from glass bottles and metal cans by a fine screen, glass bins and metal cans as resource trash are sorted and separated with high purity. It can be used for the recovery process. Further, since no labor is required for separating and sorting film / sheets and coarse dust, the sorting processing cost is greatly reduced.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a partially cutaway side view of a resource dust preliminary sorting apparatus according to an embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a plan view of the device.

FIG. 3 is a partially broken arrow view in the direction of the [3]-[3] line in FIG. 1.

FIG. 4 is a partially broken arrow view taken along line [4]-[4] in FIG.

5 is a partial cross-sectional view taken along line [5]-[5] in FIG.

FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing a vibrating system of a “Vivitech” screen in the above apparatus.

[Explanation of symbols]

 11 inclined trough 12 frame 15 counterweight 18 inclined base 21 drive motor 22 crankshaft 23 rod 31 grizzly bar 32 step 35 pivot shaft 36 comb tooth 41 elastic net 42 elastic net unit 44 spring assembly 45 rubber spring 46 connecting plate 47 cross member 49 Fixed cross member g Residues such as garbage m Glass bottles / metal cans F Films / sheets G Rough dust

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A plurality of coarse screens connected to each other with a downward step, and the tip is flipped up from a position where the tip is brought closer to the upper end of the step from the downstream side to an upper position on the downstream side. A vibration selecting device comprising a combination of a plurality of possible comb teeth and a fine screen below these comb teeth, when the upstream comb teeth of the adjacent comb teeth are in a rotation cycle in which the tips are repelled. Is driven so that the tips of the downstream comb teeth are close to the upper end of the step, and the films and sheets in the resource waste supplied from the bag breaking machine are rotated upwardly of the comb teeth. At the same time as being scooped up and sorted out, coarse dust is sorted on the sieve of the rough screen, and glass bottles and metal cans collected as resource dust are under the sieve of the rough screen and on the sieve of the fine screen. And a residue such as raw dust having a diameter smaller than that of the glass bottles / metal cans is sorted under the screen of the fine screen. 2. The film which is entangled in the comb tooth when air is ejected from an air ejection hole provided in the comb tooth when the comb tooth is flipped at its tip end and is rotated and is located on the upper side of the downstream side. The apparatus for pre-sorting recyclable garbage according to claim 1, which is designed to assist the detachment of sheets. 3. The resource waste pre-sorting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the coarse screen has an opening of about 100 mm and the fine screen has an opening of about 30 mm. 4. The thin screen is made of an elastic net to which elastic net units are connected, and when one of the adjoining elastic net units is in a tensioned state, the other elastic net unit is in a loosened state. The resource dust preliminary sorting apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the tension and the slack are alternately repeated.