JPH078B2 - Mushroom artificial cultivation method - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method for cultivating mushrooms using an improved mushroom culture medium.

[Conventional technology]

Most conventional mushroom cultivation is cultivated with sapwood, kunugi, beech, and other raw logs, so the harvest is often affected by weather conditions. Due to lack of labor for cutting out raw logs, it is becoming difficult to obtain raw logs.
In addition, it is unavoidable that the production cost is considerably high in the case of cultivating sapwood, because the cultivation period is long, for example, it takes one and a half to two years from inoculation of inoculum to harvest of mushrooms.

For this reason, in recent years Enoki mushroom, oyster mushroom, Shimotake mushroom,
In cultivation of nameko etc., using a culture medium that mixes rice bran with sawdust, a method of artificial cultivation of a fungus bed is established in which it is cultivated in a bottle or box, and it is possible to stably harvest mushrooms regardless of the four seasons throughout the year. There is. For this reason, the cultivation of mushrooms, which had a strong sideline effect on traditional farmhouses due to sardines and depended on small-scale production, is now a bacterium that companies can cultivate in large quantities on an industrial scale and whose raw materials are easily available. It is moving to the floor artificial cultivation method.

However, even in this fungal bed cultivation method, it cannot be said that the yield is still high enough to continuously grow a large number of mushrooms, and the cultivation period is considerably long, so that the production cost is not sufficiently low. .

For this reason, attempts have been made to increase the yield by using various agricultural wastes as a culture medium. For example, a crushed product of corn cob (corn cob) is used as a culture medium for mushrooms such as enokitake, oyster mushroom, shirotamogi mushroom, nameko mushroom, shiitake mushroom, etc., and an effect of increasing the yield is recognized.

[Problems to be solved by the invention]

However, this crushed corncob product has the drawbacks that when it is used as a culture medium, it has a lot of dust and deteriorates the working environment, it has poor water absorption and it is difficult to adjust the water content of the culture medium, and therefore the alignment of mushrooms harvested is poor. However, there are problems such as poor quality. For this reason, crushed corn cob is rarely used at present.

Therefore, in view of the present situation, the object of the present invention is to solve the above problems in the case of using a corncob pulverized product having a mushroom yield-increasing effect as a culture medium, and by using an improved mushroom culture medium for mushroom cultivation. To provide a method for artificial cultivation of.

[Means for solving problems]

The present invention relates to a method for artificially cultivating mushrooms, in which a nutrient is added to a ground product of corncob to make a granular material, and the granular material is impregnated with water to destroy it to form a culture medium, and a mushroom is cultivated.

The present inventors, in order to solve the above problems in the artificial cultivation of mushrooms using crushed corn cobs, as a result of extensive studies on effective use of corn cobs, granules by adding nutrients to corn cobs and culture medium When it is used as a culture material by impregnating it with water and destroying it and using it as a culture medium, it not only can prevent the deterioration of the working environment, but also improve the uniformity and quality of the mushrooms to be harvested, and further increase the yield. Found here.

The crushed corn cob used in the present invention can be obtained on the market, and for example, the crushed corn cob sold by Kinsho Mataichi Co., Ltd. can be used. These are usually 0.25-4mm
It is a powder having a particle size of, and is easily scattered.

In the present invention, as the nutritional supplement added to the crushed corncob, rice bran, wheat flour, crushed barley, soybean hulls, corn bran, barley bran, and the like conventionally used for mushroom cultivation can be used. These may be used alone or in the form of a mixture of two or more kinds.

The mixing ratio of the corncob crushed product and the nutrient is 0.1 to 10 times, preferably 0.4 to 4 times the weight of the corncob crushed product.
It is good to use in double. However, this mixing ratio can be arbitrarily selected and is not limited to this.

A granulator which is usually used for mixing and granulating the corncob pulverized product and the nutrient, for example, F-5 / manufactured by Fuji Paudal Co.
It may be extruded using an 11-175 type extruder and cut into pellets. It will be understood that, at this time, it is easier to maintain the form of the granular material and prevent the generation of dust by adding an appropriate amount of water to the mixture and granulating.

The granules produced as described above can be stored for a long period of time if necessary by drying as usual to reduce the water content to 10% by weight or less.

The shape of the granules may be generally cylindrical with a diameter of 3 to 8 mm and a length of 10 to 30 mm, although this shape may have other shapes and dimensions.

In making this culture medium for artificial cultivation using the culture substrate according to the present invention described above, water is added to this to destroy by stirring, the water content is adjusted to 60 to 65% by weight, and this is used as a cultivation container. For example, put in a wide-mouthed bottle or box and apply pressure from above to compress. Since the morphology of the granular material culture substrate according to the present invention containing water during stirring is easily destroyed to form a uniform mixture, it is pressed to form a necessary culture medium.

In producing the culture medium, the above-mentioned culture substrate according to the present invention may be mixed with sawdust in advance, and water may be added thereto as described above and stirred to adjust the water content to 60 to 65% by weight.
When using sawdust, the weight ratio of sawdust to granules is 1: 2.
It is advisable to mix them at a ratio of 3 to 3. As the sawdust, hardwood sawdust and softwood sawdust may be used alone or in combination.

Making a culture medium using the culture substrate according to the present invention, mushrooms that can be cultivated using this can be any mushroom as long as it can be artificially cultivated, for example enoki mushroom,
Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus cornucopiae, nameko, shiitake mushroom, etc. can be mentioned.

A conventional method can be used for the mushroom culturing method itself.

[Work]

Since the culture substrate according to the present invention is in the form of granules, when producing a culture medium using it, there is no generation of dust unlike the case of using a crushed corncob product, so there is no deterioration of the working environment, and water absorption The water content of the culture medium is easily adjusted because of the improvement of As a result, the mushrooms to be harvested are better aligned, high quality ones can be obtained, and the yield can be improved.

〔Example〕

 The present invention will be described below with reference to examples.

Example 1 A corncob crushed product [sold by Kinsho Mataichi Co., Ltd.] having a diameter of 21-
Sift this to a size in the range of 2 mm and remove this and rice bran and fu
Used in a weight ratio of 5: 7: 2, 15% by weight of water was added thereto, and the mixture was extruded into a strand having a diameter of 6 mm using an extruder (F-5 / 11-175 manufactured by Fuji Paudal Co., Ltd.), The extrudate was cut into pellet granules 30 mm in length. This thing 40
It was dried at ° C.

The formed culture substrate did not generate dust.

Next, the above-mentioned culture substrate was used to cultivate S. edulis. The culture substrate 140g was mixed with cedar sawdust 50g,
Further, add tap water so that the water content is 63% by weight,
It was stirred. At this time, the culture substrate was broken into a homogeneous mixture. No dust was generated at this time either.

The mixture was placed in a polypropylene 850 ml wide-mouthed bottle, compressed and solidified to form a culture substrate. Next, a hole having a diameter of 1 cm was drilled downward from the center of the mouth of the bottle to the bottom and then capped with a cap, which was sterilized by high-pressure steam at 120 ° C. for 90 minutes.

After cooling, 20 ml of a solid inoculum of Pleurotus cornucopiae was inoculated and cultured in the dark at a temperature of 25 ° C. and a humidity of 55% for 30 days to generate cultured mycelia.

After further culturing the mycelium for 55 days under the same conditions to allow it to mature, the cap was then removed, and the mycelium layer was removed by scraping the fungus layer for about 1 cm from the top of the culture medium, then tap water 2
0 ml was added to absorb water. After leaving for 4 hours, the water remaining on the culture medium is decanted and removed, and cultured for 10 days under the conditions of temperature of 15 ° C, humidity of 95% and illuminance of 20 lux to form a fruit body primordium, and further illuminance of 300 lux. Then, the culture was continued for 15 days to obtain a mature fruiting body.

The yield of mature fruiting body was 153 g, and high quality Shirota edulis was obtained with well-formed morphology.

Example 2 A corncob crushed product [sold by Kinsho Mataichi Co., Ltd.] having a diameter of 2 to
Sift this into a size in the range of 4 mm, and remove this and rice bran and fu
Used at a weight ratio of 7: 2: 1, extruded and cut in the same manner as in Example 1 to make pellet granules having a diameter of 6 mm and a length of 30 mm, which was dried at 40 ° C.

The formed culture substrate did not generate dust.

Tap water is added to 200 g of the culture substrate described above, and the water content is 63% by weight.
And stirred. At this time, the culture substrate was broken into a homogeneous mixture. No dust was generated at this time either.

The above mixture was placed in a polypropylene 850 ml wide-mouth bottle, compressed and solidified to form a culture substrate. Next, a hole having a diameter of 1 cm was drilled downward from the center of the mouth of the bottle to the bottom and then capped with a cap, which was sterilized by high-pressure steam at 120 ° C. for 90 minutes.

After cooling, 20 ml of a solid inoculum of Pleurotus cornucopiae was inoculated and cultured in a dark place at a temperature of 25 ° C. and a humidity of 55% for 29 days to generate cultured mycelia.

After culturing the mycelium for another 56 days under the same conditions and aging it, the cap was removed, and the mycelium layer was removed by scraping about 1 cm from the top of the culture medium, and 20 ml of tap water was added to absorb it. It was After leaving it for 4 days, the water remaining on the culture medium was decanted and removed, and cultured for 10 days under the conditions of temperature 15 ° C, humidity 95%, and illuminance 20 Lux to form a fruiting body primordium. Cultivation was continued for 15 days to obtain mature fruiting bodies.

The yield of mature fruiting bodies was 166 g, and high quality Shiitake mushrooms with good morphology were obtained.

Example 3 A crushed corncob product (sold by Kinsho Mataichi Co., Ltd.) has a diameter of 0.25.
Sieving to a size in the range of ~ 1 mm, using this and rice bran in a weight ratio of 5: 9, extruding and cutting in the same manner as in Example 1 to make pellets with a diameter of 6 mm and a length of 30 mm, This one 4
It was dried at 0 ° C.

The formed culture substrate did not generate dust.

140 g of the culture substrate was mixed with 50 g of cedar sawdust, and tap water was further added so as to have a water content of 63% by weight and stirred. At this time, the culture substrate was broken into a homogeneous mixture.
No dust was generated at this time either.

The mixture was placed in a polypropylene 850 ml wide-mouthed bottle, compressed and solidified to form a culture substrate. Next, a hole having a diameter of 1 cm was drilled downward from the center of the mouth of the bottle to the bottom and then capped with a cap, which was sterilized by high-pressure steam at 120 ° C. for 90 minutes.

After cooling, inoculate 20 ml of oyster mushroom inoculum, and in the dark at a temperature of 25 ° C.
Cultured hyphae were generated by culturing for 30 days under the condition of humidity of 55%.

Next, the cap was removed, about 1 cm of fungus was scraped from the upper part of the culture medium to remove the mycelium layer, and then 20 ml of tap water was added to absorb water. After leaving for 4 hours, the water remaining on the culture medium was decanted and removed, and cultured for 4 days under the conditions of temperature of 15 ° C, humidity of 95% and illuminance of 20 Lux to form a fruiting body primordium.
The matured fruiting bodies were obtained by raising the culture to 0 lux and continuing the culture for 10 days.

The yield of mature fruiting bodies was 118 g, and high-quality oyster mushrooms with well-formed morphology were obtained.

Working line 4 crushed corncob [sales by Kinsho Mataichi Co., Ltd.] with a diameter of 0.25
Sieving to ~ 1 mm, using this and rice bran in a weight ratio of 7: 4,
Extruded and cut in the same manner as in Example 1 to have a diameter of 6 mm and a length of 3
0 mm pellet granules were made and dried at 40 ° C.

The formed culture substrate did not generate dust.

Tap water was added to 200 g of the culture substrate described above so that the water content was 63% by weight, and the mixture was stirred. At this time, the culture substrate was broken into a homogeneous mixture. No dust was generated at this time either.

This mixture was placed in a polypropylene 850 ml wide-mouth bottle, compressed and solidified to form a culture substrate. Next, a hole having a diameter of 1 cm was drilled from the center of the wide-mouthed bottle downward to the bottom and then capped with a cap, which was sterilized by high-pressure steam at 120 ° C. for 90 minutes.

After cooling, inoculate 20 ml of oyster mushroom solid inoculum, and keep it at a temperature of 25 in the dark.
Cultured hyphae were generated by culturing for 29 days under conditions of temperature and humidity of 55%.

Next, the cap was removed, and about 1 cm of bacteria was scraped from the upper part of the culture medium to remove the mycelium layer, and then 20 ml of tap water was added to absorb water. After standing for 4 hours, the water remaining on the culture medium was decanted and the temperature was 15 ° C. After culturing for 4 days under the conditions of humidity 95% and illuminance of 20 lux, fruit body primordia were formed and illuminance was further increased to 300.
It was transferred to the lux and cultured for 11 days to obtain a mature fruiting body.

The yield of mature fruiting bodies was 125 g, and high-quality oyster mushrooms with uniform morphology were obtained.

Example 5 Crushed corn cob [sales by Kinsho Mataichi Co., Ltd.] (particle size 0.25
~ 1 mm) was used with rice bran in a weight ratio of 5: 9, extruded and cut in the same manner as in Example 1 to cut pellets having a diameter of 6 mm and a length of 30 mm, and dried at 40 ° C.

The formed culture substrate did not generate dust.

This culture substrate (140 g) was mixed with cedar sawdust (50 g), and tap water was further added so that the water content became 63% by weight and stirred. At this time, the culture substrate was destroyed to form a homogeneous mixture. No dust was generated at this time either.

This mixture was placed in a polypropylene 850 ml wide-mouthed bottle and compressed to solidify to form a culture substrate. Next, a hole having a diameter of 1 cm was drilled downward from the center of the mouth of the bottle to the bottom and then capped with a cap, which was sterilized by high-pressure steam at 120 ° C. for 90 minutes.

After cooling, inoculate 20 ml of Enoki mushroom inoculum and keep it at a temperature of 20 in the dark.
Cultured hyphae were generated by culturing for 22 days at ℃ and 55% humidity.

Next, the cap was removed, and the old inoculum that had risen above the culture medium was removed. Then, the temperature was 12 ° C and the humidity was 85% in the dark.
After culturing for 10 days under these conditions, fruit body primordia were formed. Next, after suppressing the wind from above for 7 days in a dark place at a temperature of 4 ° C, the fruit bodies are grown to the mouth of the bottle by culturing in a dark place at a temperature of 7 ° C and a humidity of 75% for 4 days. Let After that, it was paper-wound, and the cultivation was continued for 6 days to obtain a mature fruiting body.

The yield of mature fruiting bodies was 145 g, and enokitake mushrooms with good uniformity were obtained.

Example 6 Crushed corn cob [sales by Kinsho Mataichi Co., Ltd.] (particle size 1 to
2 mm) and rice bran in a weight ratio of 7: 4 were extruded and cut in the same manner as in Example 1 to cut pellets having a diameter of 6 mm and a length of 30 mm and dried at 40 ° C.

The formed culture substrate did not generate dust.

Tap water was added to 200 g of the culture substrate so that the water content was 63% by weight, and the mixture was stirred. At this time, the culture substrate was broken into a homogeneous mixture. No dust was generated at this time either.

This mixture was placed in a polypropylene 850 ml wide-mouthed bottle and compressed to solidify to form a culture substrate. Next, a hole having a diameter of 1 cm was drilled downward from the center of the bottle mouth to the bottom and then capped with a cap, which was sterilized by high pressure steam at 120 ° C. for 90 minutes.

After cooling, inoculate 20 ml of Enoki mushroom inoculum and keep it at a temperature of 20 in the dark.
Cultured hyphae were generated by culturing for 20 days at a temperature of 55 ° C and a humidity of 55%.

Next, the cap was removed, and the old inoculum that had risen above the culture medium was removed. Then, the temperature was 12 ° C and the humidity was 85% in the dark.
After culturing under these conditions for 11 days, fruit body primordia were formed. Next, after suppressing the wind from above for 7 days in a dark place at a temperature of 4 ° C, the fruit bodies are grown to the mouth of the bottle by culturing in a dark place at a temperature of 7 ° C and a humidity of 75% for 4 days. Let After that, it was paper-wound and the culture was continued for further 5 days to obtain a mature fruiting body.

The yield of mature fruiting bodies was 148g, and the enoki mushrooms with good uniformity were obtained.

Test 1 50 g of cedar sawdust and each composition shown in Table 1 below,
Using 140 g of each granule produced in the same manner as in Example 1,
The culture medium in the wide-mouthed bottle treated in the same manner as in Example 1 was inoculated with 20 ml of the solid inoculum of Pleurotus cornucopiae, and the temperature was 25 ° C and the humidity was dark.
When the culture was continued for 30 days under the condition of 55%, mycelia were sprinkled on each culture medium. After further culturing for 55 days and aging, the stopper was removed, the fungus layer was scraped from the top of the culture medium by about 1 cm to remove the mycelium layer, and then 20 ml of tap water was added to absorb water. After leaving for 4 hours, remove the water remaining on the top by tilting it away,
Under conditions of a temperature of 15 ° C, a humidity of 95%, and an illuminance of 20 lux, culturing is performed for 10 days to form a fruit body primordium, the illuminance is further increased to 300 lux, and culturing is continued for 15 days, and each granule in the culture medium The effect of the addition of citrus on the yield and quality of fruiting bodies was investigated.

As a control, a culture medium prepared by mixing 50 g of cedar sawdust, 50 g of crushed corncob (not granulated), and 90 g of rice bran well and adding water to adjust the water content to 63% by weight was used. ,
The culture was performed in the same manner.

The respective results are shown in Table 1.

As is clear from Table 1, use of an artificial culture medium prepared by adding various nutrients to a crushed product of corncob according to the present invention and mixing the granulated product with sawdust and impregnating it with water to break it. According to the above, it was found that not only the yield of Pleurotus cornucopiae increased compared with the case where water was added to a simple mixture of corncob ground product and a nutritional supplement as a culture medium, and high quality Pleurotus cornucopiae was obtained.

Test 2 200 g of each granulated product having the composition shown in Table 2 below and prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 above was used, and the culture medium in a wide-mouth bottle treated in the same manner as in Example 1 was used as a culture medium. Solid inoculum of 20
ml was inoculated and cultured in the dark at a temperature of 25 ° C. and a humidity of 55% for 30 days. After culturing was continued for further 55 days for aging, the stopper was removed, the fungus layer was scraped by about 1 cm from the top of the culture medium to remove the mycelium layer, and 20 ml of tap water was added to absorb water. After leaving for 4 hours, remove the water remaining on the top by tilting it away,
Under conditions of a temperature of 15 ° C, a humidity of 95%, and an illuminance of 20 lux, culturing is performed for 10 days to form a fruit body primordium, the illuminance is further increased to 300 lux, and culturing is continued for 15 days, and each granule in the culture medium We examined the effect of the use of fruit on the yield and quality of fruiting bodies.

In addition, crushed corn cob (not granulated) as a control 14
Mix 0 g and rice bran 60 g well and add water to adjust the water content to 63
The culture was carried out in the same manner by using an incubator prepared by adjusting the weight to be%.

The results are shown in Table 2.

As is clear from Table 2, artificial granules obtained by adding various nutrients to a crushed corncob powder according to the present invention and used as an artificial culture substrate were impregnated with water and destroyed. By using the culture medium, the yield of Agaricus edulis is not only increased as compared with the case of using water as a culture medium by adding water to a simple mixture of corncob ground product and a nutritional supplement,
It was found that high quality mushrooms can be obtained.

〔The invention's effect〕

As described above in detail, according to the cultivation method of the present invention, it is possible to prevent environmental pollution due to dust of corn cob and to obtain mushrooms with high quality and high yield.

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor, Maruyama Ban, 3-4-1 Seta, Otsu City, Shiga Prefecture, Central Research Laboratory, Mina Shuzo Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor, Yu Matsui 3-4-1 Seta, Otsu City, Shiga Prefecture Central Brewery Co., Ltd. (72) Tsutomu Taniguchi 3-4 Seta, Otsu City, Shiga Prefecture Central Brewery Co., Ltd. (72) Akira Obayashi 3-4-1 Seta, Otsu City, Shiga Prefecture (56) Reference JP-A-58-40014 (JP, A) JP-A-59-88027 (JP, A) JP-A-50-121044 (JP, A)

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A mushroom characterized in that a nutrient is added to a crushed corncob product and the mixture is extruded by an extruder to form granules. The granules are impregnated with water to destroy the mushrooms to prepare a culture medium, and mushrooms are cultivated. Artificial cultivation method. 2. The method for artificially cultivating a mushroom according to claim 1, wherein the culture medium is a culture medium prepared by impregnating a granular culture substrate with 60 to 65% by weight of water, destroying the medium, and compressing the medium in a container. .