JPH0789793B2 - How to hydrate plants - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial field of application] The present invention is capable of locally burying a superabsorbent polymer material in the vicinity of a root of a plant and efficiently supplying a proper amount of water to the plant for a long period of time. Method.

[Conventional technology] Fruit tree cultivation, forestry, civil engineering such as streets, agriculture, etc.
There are numerous industrial fields that require plant cultivation, such as trees, vegetables, and flowers. Depletion of water in the soil causes poor growth and death, so it is important to maintain a healthy growing condition by supplying an appropriate amount of water to the plants.

The water is replenished to the plants by spraying water on the ground surface with a sprinkler, a sprinkler, or a sprinkler hose. The sprinkled water penetrates into the soil and reaches the roots of plants.

The water retention mechanism of soil is water retention in the voids between soil particles, and especially in the unsaturated layer where plant roots invade, even when watering the voids are not completely filled with water, so depending on the soil species In some cases, the effect is extremely short and the frequency of watering is very high. Especially, the fruit trees grow better in well-drained soil, so the frequency of watering is great. In addition, the vegetation in the median strip of the road is surrounded by concrete not only in the surrounding area but also in the bottom area.Therefore, it is difficult to rehydrate water from others and water is apt to run short in summer, etc. Becomes

[Problems to be solved by the invention] Originally, natural soil possesses the conditions necessary for the growth of plants, and plants have a sufficient mechanism to be able to grow under general climatic conditions although they are not suitable depending on the soil species. . However, when artificially planting trees and trying to expand vegetation, there are many cases where it is not possible to maintain a proper relationship between soil species and plant species.
In that case, fertilization and soil improvement are performed, and watering is also performed.

Fertilization and soil improvement are effective for plants over a relatively long period of time, but the effect of water sprinkling on soil is short and must be performed frequently in consideration of climatic conditions. Although the labor is very large, not all the sprinkled water acts effectively on the plants, and there is much waste such as permeation of unnecessary parts.

Mix powder of super absorbent polymer material uniformly in soil,
It has also been attempted to extend the duration of the water retention effect. Although water retention is improved and the frequency of sprinkling is reduced, when applied to already planted plants, root hair is often damaged by digging the soil etc., and these polymeric materials have the property of expanding due to water absorption. For,
In the case of an orchard or the like where the ground becomes extremely soft, there is a problem in that it is impossible to use mechanical force such as a tractor or a trolley near a tree, or even walking becomes difficult, which makes it difficult to put into practical use.

The object of the present invention is to eliminate the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art,
A hydration method for plants that can replenish the plant with an appropriate amount of water and that can increase the hydration interval to reduce the economic burden required for hydration, such as saving water labor and water resources. To provide.

[Means for Solving Problems] In the present invention capable of achieving the above-mentioned object, a molded article of a superabsorbent polymer material is locally buried near the root of a plant in soil. The method is a method in which water is retained by the molded body so that the roots of plants are rehydrated.

The molded article of the super absorbent polymer used here is formed by mixing a super absorbent polymer compound into rubber and molded it into a stretchable net shape, and expands and embeds it in a coarse net shape. The superabsorbent polymer compound means a substance capable of absorbing several times to several hundred times its own weight of water, and is any of various conventionally known materials such as starch-based and polyacrylic acid-based materials. May be.

[Operation] The superabsorbent polymer material can absorb a large amount of water and retain it in the material due to the difference in osmotic pressure between the inside and outside of the polymer or the affinity between the polymer and water. In this respect, unlike the water retention mechanism of soil, which is the water retention in the voids between soil particles, there is a marked difference in the water retention amount.

The water absorption effect of super absorbent polymer material is a kind of chemical reaction, and the activity is reduced by the amount of the reaction energy, so the vapor pressure is low, and it is less likely to evaporate than soil water, which is completely free water. Also, since it is a kind of chemical immobilization, physical transfer to the contacting substance side does not occur. Therefore, the water retention property is extremely good. On the other hand, most of the water absorption in the plant is carried out by the osmotic pressure inside and outside the cell membrane, so that the water in the polymer material can be transferred into the plant.

The roots of plants can selectively grow for a certain distance in the water-rich direction in search of water. Therefore, it is not necessary to supply water to the roots of plants evenly around the trunk, and the purpose of water supply to plants can be achieved by specifying the water supply position and always supplying water to that position. The depth and distance differ depending on the plant species, but the present molded body may be embedded accordingly.

[Examples] FIG. 1 shows an example in which the water supply method according to the present invention is applied to cultivation in an orchard. In this embodiment, a stretchable net-shaped superabsorbent polymer molding 10 is embedded in a soil 14 near a fruit tree 12.

As the molded body 10 used here, for example, FIGS.
As shown in the figure, a sheet 16 extruded so that the surface of the superabsorbent polymer compound is dispersed and mixed in natural rubber to form irregularities, and a large number of notches 18 are alternately inserted, and the sheet is stretched in the longitudinal direction to It is optimal to use a stretchable net as shown in FIG. In particular, if natural rubber is used as the base material, the elongation will be good, and if unevenness is provided on the surface, the surface area will be increased and the water absorption will be good.

For example, 2 cm for a sheet-shaped compact 16 with a width of about 40 cm and a length of 60-80 cm.
Make a large number of notches 18 alternately at intervals of about 2 m and extend them to about 2 m. Then, the width is reduced to about 20 cm, but a coarse net as shown in Fig. 4 is obtained. As shown in Fig. 1, a groove 20 having a width of about 20 cm is dug in the ground, and this molded body is formed on the bottom.
The burial work is completed by expanding 10 and fixing the points with a skewer if necessary and covering with soil.

Fruit trees are well-developed soils and grow well, so there is a tendency for water shortage, especially in summer. However, the water sprayed from the surface of the earth, etc. penetrates into the soil and is absorbed and held by the superabsorbent polymer molded body 10.

The roots of fruit tree 12 grow selectively in the direction of higher water content. Most plants absorb water only from the roots, so if water exists in the vicinity of the root, it can absorb and grow. As described above, the superabsorbent polymer material chemically fixes water, so it is hard to evaporate, and physical movement to the contacting substance side is unlikely to occur, and water can be retained for a long period of time. . Most of the water absorption by plants is carried out by the magnitude of the osmotic pressure inside and outside the cell membrane, so that the water in the polymer material is transferred to the plant side as necessary and quantitative water supply is carried out. By such an operation, the water supply interval can be lengthened and an appropriate amount of water can be supplied.

As a base material mixed with a super absorbent polymer,
In addition to natural rubber, synthetic rubber can be used. The shape of the molded body is a stretchable net, and it is preferable to bury it in a rough shape as much as possible in order not to hinder the water absorption because it expands several times or more when absorbing water.

It goes without saying that the method of the present invention can be used not only in the orchard but also in various other fields.

EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION Since the present invention has a structure in which a superabsorbent polymer molding is locally embedded near the roots of plants in soil as described above, the superabsorbent polymer can be highly absorbed simply by supplying water from the ground surface or the like. The molecular molded body can retain water for a long period of time, and it is possible to save water by eliminating waste such as permeation into unnecessary parts during watering.

Further, in the present invention, since an appropriate amount of water is supplied to the plant from the water-absorbing superabsorbent polymer molding, the water supply interval can be lengthened, and the labor and economic burden required for water supply can be significantly reduced. There is also.

Furthermore, when the superabsorbent polymer material is locally buried in the soil as in the present invention, unlike the case where the powder is mixed into the entire soil, the root hair is not damaged even when it is applied to the existing vegetation and the burying work is also performed. It is easy, and even if it expands at the time of water supply, it has almost no effect on the ground, so it does not interfere with the introduction of mechanical force or walking.

Moreover, in the present invention, since the expandable net-like molded body is expanded and embedded in a coarse net shape, it has excellent water permeability and air permeability, and does not hinder the root growth of plants. And, it can be easily and uniformly buried in the vicinity of the root of the plant in the soil without excess or deficiency.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing an example in which the method of the present invention is applied to vegetation in an orchard, FIG. 2 is a plan view of a superabsorbent polymer molding used therein, FIG. 3 is a side sectional view thereof, and FIG. FIG. 4 is a plan view showing the extended state. 10 …… Super absorbent polymer molding, 12 …… Fruit tree, 14 …… Soil, 20 …… Groove.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A stretched net-shaped molded body, in which a large number of cuts are alternately formed on a sheet in which a super absorbent polymer is mixed in rubber, is locally formed near the root of a plant in the soil. A method for rehydrating a plant, which comprises expanding and embedding in a coarse net shape and retaining water by the molded body to rehydrate the roots of the plant.