JPH0787388A - Special effect generating device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain a special effect generating device to allow a picture to change in the form of a concentric circle around on some point of the picture by generating the read-out address of a digital memory by adding the displacement value of every basic address and the basic address. CONSTITUTION:In a special effect generating part 9, an adder 2 adds addresses Arx, Ary from a read-out address generating part 1 and an offset value Aor from an offset address generator 3. A distance computer 4 computes distance (d) between the position of the addresses Arx, Ary and the position of a reference point determined beforehand. The adder 5 adds the distance (d) and the offset value Doff from an offset value generator 6, and a function generator 7 outputs displacement Kd corresponding to the distance (d) in conformity with a function pattern. The adder 8 adds the displacement Kd and the addresses Arx, Ary, and generates the read-out addresses X, Y. Accordingly, the reduction/ magnification factor of the picture can be changed concentrically in the arbitrary form by the function pattern.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an image special effect generating apparatus, and more particularly to a special effect generating apparatus for generating a special effect by a read address for reading data from an image memory.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As a special effect of a television image,
Reduction, enlargement, movement, rotation, or a combination thereof can be used.The method of generating such a special effect is to address the image data stored in the digital memory so that a predetermined special effect is produced. A method of reading by reading has been proposed (see Japanese Patent Publication No. 60-31390). Specifically, a special effect is generated by generating a read address by a calculation as described later.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a general configuration example of a special effect generating apparatus. In the figure, the analog video signal IN is converted into a digital signal Vd by the A / D converter 31.
And is written in the digital memory 32. The digital memory 32 has a recording capacity exceeding one screen (one frame or one field). The write address generator 33 sequentially generates a sample address Awx and a line address Awy which are write addresses for writing. The write address generator 33 includes a line counter 331 and a clock counter 332, as shown in FIG. The line counter 331 inputs the horizontal synchronizing pulse H and the vertical synchronizing pulse V to generate the line address Awy, and the clock counter 332 inputs the horizontal synchronizing pulse H and the clock ck to generate the sample address Awx.

The image data Vf written in the digital memory 32 is read according to the sample address Arx and the line address Ary sequentially generated by the read address generator 34. However, the read addresses Arx and Ary are checked by the effective range determiner 35 to determine whether they are within the effective range of the image, and the determination signal Er is output to the background adder 36.
When the read addresses Arx and Ary are outside the effective range of the image, the background adder 36 adds a background to the image data Vf from the digital memory 32. The image data to which the background has been added is converted into an analog signal by the D / A converter 37, and a predetermined sync signal is further added by the sync signal adder 38 and output as the analog video signal OUT.

The clock signal ck, the horizontal synchronizing pulse H, and the vertical synchronizing pulse V supplied to the write address generator 33, the read address generator 34, etc. are supplied by the timing signal generator 39 based on the analog video signal IN. To generate.

In the special effect generating apparatus having such a configuration, the read address generator 34 generates the read addresses Arx and Ary based on the inverse mapping of the mapping (or calculation) that causes the special effect. Hereinafter, a detailed description will be given with reference to FIG.

An image for performing reduction, enlargement, movement, rotation, or the like on an image in a normal size and position is f (A), and an address indicating the size and position of a normal image is (X, Y) and the address corresponding to (X, Y) after mapping is (Xa, Ya),

[Equation 1] Can be expressed as Therefore, in order to realize a special effect on the screen, using this inverse mapping,

[Equation 2] Then, the address (X, Y) in the normal image corresponding to (Xa, Ya) can be obtained (see FIG. 6). This (X, Y) is the read address Ar.
x and Ary.

Considering the mapping on the two-dimensional plane, the mapping f
(A) can be expressed as the following matrix,

[Equation 3] The inverse matrix is

[Equation 4] Becomes Therefore, Equation 2 uses a matrix

[Equation 5] Can be expressed as When Formula 5 is decomposed into X and Y components, X = A′Xa + B′Ya Y = C′Xa + D′ Ya

By adding coefficients K1 and K2 for translation to these equations and rewriting X and Y into Arx and Ary and Xa and Ya into variables x and y, the following equations are obtained.

Arx = A′x + B′y + K1 (Equation 1) Ary = C′x + D′ y + K2 (Equation 2) That is, a read address for generating a special effect by using this linear expression. Is generated.

[0011]

However, in the above-mentioned conventional special effect generating apparatus, since the read addresses Arx and Ary are linear expressions of x and y, respectively, the reduction / enlargement ratio of the image changes linearly. There was a limit to the generation of varied special effects.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a special effect generating apparatus in which an image changes concentrically around a certain point in the image.

[0013]

A special effect generating apparatus according to the present invention comprises a basic address generating means for sequentially generating a basic address for reading image data written in a digital memory, and the sequentially generated basic address. Distance calculating means for calculating a distance between a position and a predetermined reference point position, and displacement value generating means for generating a displacement value corresponding to the calculated distance according to a desired function pattern for each of the sequentially generated basic addresses. And adding means for adding the displacement value for each basic address generated by the displacement value generating means and the basic address to generate a read address of the digital memory.

[0014]

The displacement value changes concentrically around the reference point position in accordance with the desired function pattern, and the image data is read out at the address to which the displacement value is added. Therefore,
The reduction / enlargement ratio of the image can be concentrically controlled by the function pattern. For example, if the function pattern is a corrugated shape, the image expands and contracts in a concentric shape, and a special effect image in which ripples are spread can be obtained.

[0015]

Embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of a special effect generating apparatus according to the present invention. However, in order to avoid complication of the drawing, only the read address generating unit which is a feature of the present invention is described in the same drawing. Therefore, FIG.
The following description will be given assuming that the read address generator 34 in the entire diagram shown in FIG.

In FIG. 1, a read address generator 1
Input the clock signal ck, the horizontal synchronizing pulse H, and the vertical synchronizing pulse V from the timing signal generator 39 (FIG. 4), and perform the calculation shown in Equations 1 and 2 to obtain the sample address Arx and the line address address)
Is output. That is, at this stage, it is an address signal that can generate a special effect such as reduction, enlargement, movement, or rotation as in the conventional case. The configuration of the read address generation unit 1 will be described later (FIG. 2).

The sample address Arx and the line address Ary output from the read address generation unit 1 are input to the special effect generation unit 9. The special effect generator 9
Actually 2 for sample address and line address
Although it is composed of two parts, they are illustrated as one because they have the same structure and operation.

In the special effect generator 9, the adder 2 uses the addresses Arx and Ar from the read address generator 1.
y and the offset value Aor (Aorx, Aory) from the offset address generator 3 are added, and the added value is output to the distance calculator 4.

The offset value Aor is, as will be described later,
It is a numerical value added to each address (Arx, Ary) so that the reference point for distance calculation is set relatively to an arbitrary position on the screen. Therefore, when using a predetermined reference point position, the offset value Aor is (0,
It is set to 0).

The distance calculator 4 uses the addresses (Arx, Ar
y) or the distance d between the address to which the offset value Aor is added and the predetermined reference point position is calculated and output to the adder 5.

The adder 5 adds the distance d from the distance calculator 4 and the offset value Doff from the offset value generator 6 and outputs the result to the function generator 7. Offset value Do
As will be described later, ff is the distance d when the entire function pattern generated by the function generator 7 is moved in the distance d direction.
Is the number to be added to. Therefore, when the generated function pattern is used as it is, the offset value Doff is 0.
Is set to.

The function generator 7 has a plurality of function patterns including a non-linear function. For example, a sin function is generated and a displacement Kd corresponding to a distance d or a value d (+ Doff) to which an offset value Doff is added. Is output to the adder 8 (specifically described in FIG. 3).

The displacement Kd output from the function generator 7 is added to the address (Arx, Ary) by the adder 8 to obtain the final read address (X, Y).
The image data written in the digital memory 32 is sequentially read by this (X, Y), and the analog video signal OUT to which the special effect is applied is obtained.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a detailed configuration of the read address generation unit 1 in this embodiment. The circuit shown in the figure is configured to realize the above equations 1 and 2. In synchronization with the clock ck, the horizontal sync pulse H, and the vertical sync pulse V, the clock counter 20 and the line counter 21 generate variables x and y corresponding to the mapped addresses, respectively. The variable x is the multipliers 22 and 23
Are multiplied by the coefficients A'and C'from fixed value generators 24 and 25, respectively, and the respective multiplication results are input to adders 26 and 27, respectively. The variable y is the multiplier 28
And 29 and are multiplied by the coefficients B ′ and D ′ from the fixed value generators 30 and 31, respectively, and the multiplication results B′y and D′ y are input to the adders 26 and 27, respectively. Fixed value generator 32 in adders 26 and 27
And 33, the coefficients K1 and K2 for translation are added respectively, and the sample address Arx and the line address Ary shown by the equations 1 and 2 are output, respectively.

The sample address Arx thus obtained
As described above, the line address Ary can realize only a linear reduction / enlargement ratio, but by adopting the configuration shown in FIG. 1, the reduction / enlargement ratio can be changed non-linearly. Hereinafter, a specific operation example of this embodiment will be described.

FIG. 3 is a waveform diagram showing an example of a function pattern of the function generator 7 in this embodiment. As shown in the figure, the function generator 7 generates a sin function with the distance d (+ Doff) as a variable, and calculates the absolute value of the slope of the tangent of the displacement Kd (for example, at point A, Kd is minimum, at point B, Kd is output as a waveform having an increasing tendency). When such a function pattern is used, the distance d as shown in FIG.
It is possible to obtain a displacement Kd that changes in a wavy manner according to.
This displacement Kd is added by the adder 8 to the address (Arx, A
ry) and the actual read address (X, Y) is generated.

When image data is read from the digital memory 32 by such a read address (X, Y), the offset value Aor is (0, 0) and the offset value D is
When off is fixed, a special effect image deformed into a concentric ripple pattern centered on the reference point position can be obtained. Further, the center of the ripple can be moved by changing the offset value Aor.

Further, when the offset value Doff is changed, the wavy displacement Kd shown in FIG. 3 moves in the horizontal axis (distance d) direction, so that it is possible to obtain the effect of moving the concentric ripples. .

In this embodiment, the function generator 7 is a sin
Although the case of generating a function has been described, the present invention is not limited to this, and a plurality of function patterns may be stored and a desired pattern may be selected.

Further, in the present embodiment, the output address of the read address generation unit 1 which enables reduction and enlargement is used, but of course, even an address generation unit which does not generate a special effect can generate other special effects. It may be an address generating unit.

[0032]

As described in detail above, the special effect generating apparatus according to the present invention changes the read / write address in a concentric pattern centered on the reference point position according to the desired function pattern, so that the reduction / enlargement ratio of the image is reduced. It is possible to change the shape in a concentric manner in any form. For example, if the function pattern is wavy, the reduction / enlargement ratio of the image changes concentrically, and a special effect image in which the ripples spread is obtained.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of a special effect generation device according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a detailed configuration of a read address generation unit 1 in this embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a waveform diagram showing an example of a function pattern of a function generator 7 in this embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a general configuration example of a special effect generation device.

5 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a write address generator 33 in FIG.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an image for explaining a conventional special effect generating method.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Read-out address generator 2 Adder 3 Offset address generator 4 Distance calculator 5 Adder 6 Offset value generator 7 Function generator 8 Adder 9 Special effect generator 31 A / D converter 32 Digital memory 33 Write address Generator 34 Read-out address generator 35 Effective range determiner 36 Background adder 37 D / A converter 38 Sync signal adder 39 Timing signal generator

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. An apparatus for generating the special effect image by writing an image signal as digital image data in a digital memory and reading the written image data so as to produce a desired special effect, wherein the image written in the digital memory Basic address generating means for sequentially generating basic addresses for reading data, distance calculating means for calculating a distance between the positions of the sequentially generated basic addresses and a predetermined reference point position, and a desired function pattern, Displacement value generating means for generating displacement values corresponding to the calculated distance for each of the basic addresses sequentially generated, displacement values for each of the basic addresses generated by the displacement value generating means, and the basic address Adding means for adding to generate a read address of the digital memory; Special effects generator. 2. The special effect generation device according to claim 1, wherein the function pattern used by the displacement value generation means is a function that changes in a wave shape according to the distance calculated by the distance calculation means. 3. The function pattern is a sine.
3. The special effect generation device according to claim 2, wherein the function pattern is a function pattern in which the absolute value of the slope of the tangent line of the function is taken. 4. The basic address generating means includes an offset address adding means for adding an offset address for relatively changing the reference point position in the distance calculating means to the basic address. Item 1. The special effect generation device according to item 1. 5. The distance calculating means includes an offset value adding means for adding to the distance an offset value for moving the displacement value in the displacement value generating means in the distance direction. The special effect generation device according to claim 3. 6. An apparatus for generating a special effect image by writing an image signal as digital image data in a digital memory and reading the written image data using an address calculated backward from a desired special effect image, which is sequentially generated. And a distance calculation means for calculating a distance between the position of the address and a predetermined reference point position, and a displacement value corresponding to the calculated distance is sequentially generated for each of the addresses according to a desired function pattern. A displacement value generating unit; and an adding unit configured to add the displacement value for each address generated by the displacement value generating unit and the address to generate a read address of the digital memory, Effect generator.