JPH0775448A - Vessel for plant cultivation - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To promote the growth of a plant and decrease the fertilization frequency by coating a vessel for the germination, raising seedling and transplantation of a plant with a coating liquid containing a chemical fertilizer and an adhesive and drying the coating liquid to form a sustained release fertilizer layer on the vessel. CONSTITUTION:A vessel (pot, flower pot, etc.) for the germination, raising seedling, transplantation, etc., of a plant is coated with a coating liquid containing a chemical fertilizer and an adhesive and dried. A sustained release fertilizer layer is formed on the surface of the vessel to slowly exert the action of the fertilizer.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a container for plant cultivation which is used for germination, seedling raising, transplantation and the like of plants, and more particularly to a container for plant cultivation which can reduce the number of fertilization operations.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Generally, a plant is sowed with seeds, sprinkled with water and germinated. Then, when the true leaves have grown to 2-3 leaves, they are temporarily planted in a container for raising seedlings or for transplantation, and fertilization and watering are performed to grow them. Further, depending on the type of plant, sowing and raising seedlings are also cultivated in the same container. And when the roots are fully grown, pots, planters,
It is planted in fields, rice fields, flower beds, open fields, etc., and fertilized and sprinkled to perform cultivation.

This fertilizing work is an important work as a nutritional supplement source for growing plants. The fertilization work after temporary planting or fixed planting varies depending on the type of plant, cultivation environment conditions, type of fertilizer, etc., but in general, fertilization work is performed by performing additional fertilization about once every 1-2 weeks. However, fertilizers often run out and growth is interrupted due to growing conditions or environmental changes. In order to prevent this fertilizer run-out, mix slow-acting fertilizer into the soil for temporary planting and planting,
So-called fertilization work of so-called fertilizer is performed. If the basic fertilizer is mixed with the whole soil, the root may become an excessive amount of fertilizer and hinder the growth.Therefore, a slow-acting fertilizer should be placed appropriately away from the root so that it works as a fertilizer when the root grows. Do the work. As described above, it is difficult to simplify manpower for agricultural work to be industrial work because manure work for topdressing and fertilizer application requires manpower at the time of identification.

In order to simplify the fertilizing work, a sheet made of paper into which organic fertilizer such as oil cake is made (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2-111).
684) or a sheet obtained by applying chitosan to a natural pulp sheet (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2-2303), and it is conceivable to process these sheets into pots or pots, but the former sheet containing oil cake has a weak strength and is a transplant pot. Cannot be used as Further, when the latter sheet coated with chitosan is used as a transplant pot, the pot causes microbial decomposition of chitosan in the soil and acts as a nitrogen nutrient source for plants. However, the three elements of nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potassium are necessary for the growth of plants, and nitrogen alone is insufficient as a fertilizer to grow plants, such as chitosan, and the number of fertilization operations does not decrease. There is a drawback that. In this way, each of them has drawbacks at present, and it does not take much time to grow plants.
It is expected that containers for plant cultivation that can be industrially worked will appear.

[0005]

The present invention relates to a container for plant cultivation such as pots and pots for germination, seedling raising, transplantation, etc. of plants, and more particularly, to improve plant growth and fertilization work. Provided is a container for cultivating plants, which can reduce the number of times and improve work efficiency.

[0006]

The present invention relates to the germination of plants,
In a container for plant cultivation used for raising seedlings, transplanting, etc.,
A container for plant cultivation, characterized in that a slow-acting fertilizer layer is provided by coating and drying a coating liquid containing a chemical fertilizer and an adhesive on the container.

[0007]

The constitution of the present invention is to apply a coating liquid containing a chemical fertilizer and an adhesive to a container for plant cultivation such as a pot or a pot obtained by molding to dry it to form a delayed-acting fertilizer layer. The feature is that it is provided.

[0008] A method of forming a container for plant cultivation into a pot or a pot after applying a coating liquid containing a chemical fertilizer and an adhesive to the sheet to form a delayed-acting fertilizer layer and then forming the container into a pot or pot is also conceivable. However, in this method, a large amount of sheet cutting waste is generated during the molding process, resulting in a low yield of the delayed-release fertilizer layer, resulting in a large loss. For example, when calculated from the amount of cutting waste, the yield of the delayed-release fertilizer layer composed of the chemical fertilizer and the adhesive varies depending on the shape and size of the pot or pot, but is low at 60 to 90%. In addition, there is a drawback that chemicals contained in the slow-acting fertilizer layer, particularly antifungal agents and preservatives, are not preferable in terms of safety and hygiene when they come into contact with bare skin such as limbs and face when the cutting wastes are sorted and packed.

In the method of the present invention, the above-mentioned drawbacks are remedied, and the yield of delayed-acting fertilizer consisting of chemical fertilizer and adhesive is 1
It can be used very efficiently up to around 100%, and at the same time, there is no problem in safety and health, which is preferable.

The container for plant cultivation used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a container made of plastic, unglazed, mold, paper, synthetic paper, non-woven fabric, or a combination thereof in a pot shape or a pot shape. Can be used. Above all, molded containers such as molds and papers made from plant fibers have good air permeability, and since they decompose due to the action of microorganisms in the soil after a certain period of time, transplant the plants without removing them from the container and make temporary planting or Can be planted. Therefore, it does not damage the roots that are growing near the root, which often occurs when taking out a plant. Also, there is no need to discard the container.

Examples of plant fibers include hardwood and coniferous wood pulp fibers, cotton and kenaf, and non-wood pulp fibers such as bagasse and straw. Examples of the pulping method include a mechanical pulping method, a chemi-mechanical pulping method, a semi-chemical pulping method, and a chemical pulping method. In addition, recycled pulp from waste paper is also included. These vegetable fibers are appropriately selected and used according to the intended quality.

The present invention is characterized in that a coating solution containing a chemical fertilizer and an adhesive is applied to the above-mentioned container and dried to provide a slow-acting chemical fertilizer layer. In the present invention, the chemical fertilizer is used because the chemical fertilizer has a higher fertilizer component concentration of nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potassium than the organic fertilizers such as compost, chicken dung, and oil dregs, and at the same time, the component ratio is appropriately selected depending on the type of plant. This is because it is easy to do. As chemical fertilizers, nitrogenous substances such as ammonium sulfate and urea, phosphoric substances such as lime superphosphate and iodine phosphorus fertilizer,
Examples thereof include potassium fertilizer such as potassium sulfate and potassium chloride, or a compound fertilizer which is a mixture thereof (including a mixture with an organic fertilizer such as compost, chicken dung, and oil cake).

These chemical fertilizers are soluble in water and acid, and have the advantage that they are immediately dissolved by water sprinkling, moisture in soil or organic acids in soil, and are absorbed from the roots of plants to serve as nutrients. However, since chemical fertilizers are easily soluble, when a large amount of chemical fertilizer is given at one time, the salt concentration of the solution in the soil becomes high, so that it is difficult to be absorbed from the roots of plants and the plants wilt. This phenomenon occurs and deteriorates the growth. For this reason, it is common to give chemical fertilizers little by little to increase the number of times.

It is preferable that the chemical fertilizer having such properties be held in a container and gradually acted as a fertilizer from the container as a method of giving the chemical fertilizer. Therefore,
As a result of various studies, the present inventor has found that the intended effect can be obtained by applying a coating liquid containing a chemical fertilizer and an adhesive to a container and drying the coating liquid to form a slow-acting fertilizer layer.
That is, the effect of holding the chemical fertilizer in the container for a required period of time and gradually working it as a fertilizer according to the growth of seedlings and the elongation of roots was obtained. The reason for the effect of gradually acting as fertilizer is that the adhesive partially covers the surface of the chemical fertilizer so that the surface area of the fertilizer that comes into contact with water or organic acid is reduced, and only the contact portion is dissolved. Therefore, it is presumed that when the root grows near the wall of a container such as a pot or pot, it gradually works effectively as a fertilizer.

Coating the chemical fertilizer with an adhesive-free coating liquid system,
In the pots and pots obtained by drying, the chemical fertilizer permeates the container wall, but since there is no adhesive effect between the chemical fertilizer and the container wall,
Dried chemical fertilizer leaves the container wall. Also,
Since some of the remaining chemical fertilizers are easily soluble, most of the chemical fertilizers are dissolved and washed away by sprinkling water several times, and the desired long-term effect cannot be obtained.

Depending on the type of plant, the amount of chemical fertilizer applied varies depending on the type of plant, from a short cultivation period of 1 month to a long cultivation period of 24 months. 1 per volume of container such as pot or bowl
It is preferable that the coating is applied to g / 1000 ml or more. 1 g /
If it is less than 1000 ml, only some plants are effective, and if it is applied to other plants, there is a drawback that the number of fertilization operations increases. On the other hand, the upper limit of the chemical fertilizer coating amount is
Although not particularly limited, the general range of the coating process is 2
It is advisable to limit it to about 0 g / 1000 ml.

The chemical fertilizer coating liquid is a state in which the chemical fertilizer is dissolved or dispersed in water, and examples of the adhesive agent include starches, gums, cellulose derivatives, casein, polyvinyl alcohol, latex, or a mixture thereof. And so on. These adhesives are appropriately selected according to the type of plant and cultivation period. The amount of the adhesive used needs to be adjusted by other additives, but the amount of the adhesive used for the chemical fertilizer is preferably in the range of 1 to 50% by weight based on the solid content of the chemical fertilizer.

Further, if necessary, a water resistant agent may be added to the coating liquid to adjust the elution degree of the fertilizer in the slow-acting fertilizer layer. Examples of the water-proofing agent include resins of methylol group such as urea-formaldehyde resin, melamine-formaldehyde resin, polyamide polyurea-formaldehyde resin or lower alkylated products thereof, formaldehyde and its generation products, glyoxal, dialdehyde starch, cyclic urea. Glyoxal reaction products, resins with aldehyde groups such as copolymers of acrylamide-glyoxal reaction products, resins with epoxy groups or chlorhydrin groups such as glycerin diglycidyl ether, polyamide-epoxy resins, polyethyleneimine resins, other aluminum salts, pyroantimony Examples thereof include polyvalent metal salts such as potassium acid and zirconium salts.

Inorganic / organic pigments, soils, soil improvers, mildew-proofing agents, preservatives, nutrients and the like can be appropriately added to the mixture of the chemical fertilizer and the adhesive, if necessary.

The aqueous coating liquid of these mixtures is prepared using a general stirrer or mixer. A solvent such as alcohol may be added in an amount of 20% by volume with respect to water in order to accelerate the drying after coating. And, the method of arranging containers such as pots and bowls and coating them on the inner wall surface or the outer wall surface is, for example, a method of coating and drying with a brush or a roll, a method of spraying, a slit extrusion or a sloping plate, etc. The method of using a curtain coater or slit coater, the method of dipping, etc. can be mentioned.
If the outer wall is coated and dried, the fertilizer will be washed away every time it is sprinkled during cultivation until transplantation, and the amount of effective fertilizer will decrease, the outer wall will come into contact during handling, and the fertilizer layer will fall off. It is preferable to apply the coating only on the inner wall surface because it has drawbacks such as being unfavorable in terms of hygiene. Further, in the case of a plastic container, the coating liquid does not easily adhere to the wall, so it is advisable to carry out corona irradiation in advance and then coat and dry.

The container for plant cultivation such as the pot or pot of the present invention thus obtained can reduce the number of fertilization operations without hindering the growth of plants and improve the productivity of cultivation. it can.

[0022]

The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples. Unless otherwise specified,% and parts in the examples are% by weight, respectively.
Parts by weight are shown. Moreover,% of the papermaking raw material is based on the total dry pulp. In the case of the aqueous dispersion of the papermaking raw material and the coating liquid, the percentage is% solids.

Example 1 [Processing of container] NBKP (csf = 500 ml) 100
Part of the pulp slurry was added 0.5% rosin size, 2.0% sulfuric acid band, and 0.7% wet paper strength improver to make paper making materials with a Fourdrinier paper machine, and basis weight 90 g /
A m ² piece of paper was obtained, and the piece of paper was used to form a 5 cm square × 5 cm high connectable transplant pot.

[Coating liquid] Urea 20 parts, ammonium sulfate 10 parts, superphosphate 30 parts, iodinated phosphorus fertilizer 27.45 parts, potassium sulfate 6 parts, potassium chloride 4 parts, magnesium sulfate 2 parts, sulfuric acid first Iron (0.5 parts), manganese sulfate (0.05 parts), styrene-butadiene copolymer latex (10 parts) and water were added and mixed by stirring to obtain a coating liquid having a concentration of 60%.

[Coating] The above coating liquid is coated on the inner surface of the above-mentioned transplant pot by using a brush so that the dry weight per volume of the container is 10 g / l, and dried to give a delayed-acting fertilizer. A container for plant cultivation having a layer was obtained.

[Cultivation] The above-mentioned container for plant cultivation was filled with 60% by volume of red ball soil and 40% by volume of mulch soil, and seeds of carnation were sown using a perforated seeder for 2 months. After sprinkling water every day for cultivation, the transplant pots of the container were separated one by one and planted in the field as the transplant pots. It was sprinkled every day and cultivated for 13 months. as a result,
The carnation flowered and grew smoothly without additional fertilizer, without removing fertilizer.

Example 2 [Processing of container] The same paper as that used in the process of the container of Example 1 was processed into a transplant pot having a shape similar to the No. 3 plastic pot.

[Coating Liquid] A coating liquid having a concentration of 60% was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 10 parts of gelatinized oxidized starch was added to the coating liquid of Example 1.

[Coating] The above coating liquid is applied onto the inner surface of the above-mentioned transplant pot by spraying so that the dry weight per volume of the container is 5 g / l, and is dried to give a delayed-acting fertilizer layer. The container for plant cultivation provided with was obtained.

[Cultivation] The above-mentioned container for cultivating plants was filled with a medium containing 60% by volume of red ball soil and 40% by volume of mulch soil, and pansies which had been cultivated for 3 weeks after germination were temporarily planted and sprinkled every day for 2 months. After cultivating, it was planted in the flowerbed soil in its container. It was sprinkled every day and cultivated for 6 months. As a result, the fertilizer was not removed, the pansies grew smoothly without additional fertilization, and flowering continued for 6 months.

Example 3 [Processing of container] NBKP (csf = 500 ml) 100
0.5% rosin size, 2.0% sulfuric acid band, and 0.4% wet paper strength improver were added to each part of the pulp slurry to make paper with a round net Yankee paper machine,
A paper having a basis weight of 50 g / m ² was obtained, and biodegradable plastic (trade name; Matabie AF10H, manufactured by Nippon Synthetic Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) was laminated on the mirror side of the paper to a thickness of 40 μm. The laminated paper was used to make a transplant pot having a paper surface inside and a shape similar to that of a No. 3 polyethylene pot.

[Coating Liquid] and [Coating] The same coating liquid as in Example 1 was coated on the inner surface of the above-mentioned laminated paper transplant pot with a brush so that the dry weight per volume of the container was 2 g / l. A container for plant cultivation, which was dried and provided with a slow-acting fertilizer layer, was obtained.

[Cultivation] The above-mentioned container for plant cultivation was filled with soil containing 60% by volume of red ball soil and 40% by volume of mulch soil, and seeds of periwinkle were seeded. It was sprinkled every day and cultivated for one month. Then, the container was planted as it was in a planter containing a soil mixed with 70% by volume of red ball soil and 40% by volume of mulch soil. As a result, the periwinkle plant grew smoothly without additional fertilizer, and the flowering continued for 2.5 months.

Comparative Example 1 [Coating liquid] Urea 20 parts, ammonium sulfate 10 parts, superphosphate 30
Parts, iodinated phosphorus fertilizer 27.45 parts, potassium sulfate 6 parts, potassium chloride 4 parts, magnesium sulfate 2 parts, ferrous sulfate 0.5 parts,
A mixture of 0.05 part of manganese sulfate and water is stirred and mixed to a concentration of 60
% Coating solution was obtained.

[Processing of Container] [Coating] [Cultivation] Coupling and cultivation were carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a connection type transplant pot was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 and the above coating solution was used. I went. As a result, carnations were poorly grown during the seedling cultivation period, and it was not possible to obtain seedlings that had grown to an extent suitable for planting. Further, in the case where the fertilization work was performed three times in consideration of the growth degree of the seedlings during the seedling cultivation period, it was necessary to perform the fertilization work seven times according to the growth degree even after planting.

[0036]

As is apparent from the results of the examples, when the plant is cultivated by using the container for plant cultivation of the present invention such as a pot or a pot, the number of times of fertilization can be reduced and the working efficiency of cultivation is improved. I was able to do it.

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A container for plant cultivation, which is used for germination, seedling raising, transplantation, etc. of a plant, wherein a coating liquid containing a chemical fertilizer and an adhesive is applied to the container and dried to provide a slow-acting fertilizer layer. A container for plant cultivation characterized by: 2. The container for plant cultivation according to claim 1, wherein the container is made of plant fiber. 3. The container for plant cultivation according to claim 1, wherein the chemical fertilizer has a solid content of 1 g / 1000 ml or more per container volume.