JPH0762505A - Method for using ni-ti superelastic spring - Google Patents
Method for using ni-ti superelastic springInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0762505A JPH0762505A JP22797193A JP22797193A JPH0762505A JP H0762505 A JPH0762505 A JP H0762505A JP 22797193 A JP22797193 A JP 22797193A JP 22797193 A JP22797193 A JP 22797193A JP H0762505 A JPH0762505 A JP H0762505A
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- spring
- superelastic
- temperature
- temp
- wire
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Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は広いせん断ひずみ範囲を
使用することができる、Ｎｉ−Ｔｉ系超弾性ばねの使用
方法に関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method of using a Ni--Ti superelastic spring capable of using a wide shear strain range.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】通常のステンレス鋼線を用いたコイルば
ねを設計する場合は、設計応力が約４０kgｆ／mm2 以
下、横弾性係数７０００kgｆ／mm2 であるから、せん断
ひずみ量は０．７５％以下で使うことがよいとされてい
る。使用できるたわみ量は、コイル形状を工夫して設計
することにより、広くしていた。しかし、前述のよう
に、せん断ひずみ量は適正な使用をしようとすると、設
計に限界があった。 2. Description of the Related Art When designing a coil spring using ordinary stainless steel wire, the design stress is about 40 kgf / mm 2 or less and the transverse elastic modulus is 7,000 kgf / mm 2 , so the shear strain amount is 0.75%. It is recommended to use it below. The amount of deflection that can be used was widened by devising and designing the coil shape. However, as described above, the amount of shear strain is limited in design when it is used properly.
【０００３】一方、原子％で１対１近傍のＮｉ−Ｔｉ合
金は、高温相の母相状態で立方晶構造をとり、これを冷
却するとマルテンサイト変態温度で変態して単斜晶構造
のマルテンサイト相となる。形状記憶効果を期待する場
合は、まさにこの変態による結晶構造の変化による、形
状回復現象を利用する。これに対して、これらの合金
は、マルテンサイト変態温度が使用環境温度以下である
場合に限って超弾性材料として、使用できる。すなわ
ち、母相状態で、外力が加わると、応力によって誘起マ
ルテンサイト変態が起こり、外力を取り去ると、熱的に
安定している母相に戻るためである。例えば線材の引張
り試験によって６〜８％の変形を加えても元に戻る弾性
現象である。この超弾性現象を利用したものに眼鏡フレ
ーム、歯列矯正ワイヤー等が実用化されている。On the other hand, a Ni-Ti alloy having an atomic percentage of about 1: 1 has a cubic structure in the parent phase of a high temperature phase, and when cooled, it transforms at the martensitic transformation temperature and has a monoclinic structure. Become the site phase. When a shape memory effect is expected, the shape recovery phenomenon due to the change of the crystal structure due to this transformation is utilized. On the other hand, these alloys can be used as a superelastic material only when the martensitic transformation temperature is equal to or lower than the use environment temperature. That is, when an external force is applied in the mother phase state, induced martensitic transformation occurs due to stress, and when the external force is removed, the thermally stable mother phase is restored. For example, it is an elastic phenomenon that returns to its original value even if a deformation of 6 to 8% is applied by a tensile test of a wire rod. Eyeglass frames, orthodontic wires, and the like have been put into practical use for those utilizing this superelasticity phenomenon.
【０００４】上記の超弾性Ｎｉ−Ｔｉ合金は、その特性
から当然ばね材として大きな期待が持たれている。超弾
性ばねは、本質的に非線形ばねであるため、非線形性を
活かしたコイルばね等の本格的なばねとしての使用方法
が考えられるが、通常のばねとは性質が異なるため、コ
イルばね等への加工方法、使用条件とばね性等の関係な
どに難点があり、本格的に使用されていないのが現状で
ある。The above-mentioned superelastic Ni--Ti alloy is naturally expected to be a spring material because of its characteristics. Since superelastic springs are essentially non-linear springs, it is possible to use them as full-scale springs such as coil springs that take advantage of non-linearity. However, it has not been used in earnest since there are some problems in the processing method, the conditions of use, and the relationship between spring properties and the like.
【０００５】[0005]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明は上記の問題に
ついて検討の結果なされたもので、広いせん断ひずみ範
囲を使用することができ、かつ疲労特性に優れたばねの
使用方法を開発したものである。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made as a result of studying the above-mentioned problems, and has developed a method of using a spring which can use a wide shear strain range and is excellent in fatigue characteristics. .
【０００６】[0006]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明はＮｉ−Ｔｉ系超
弾性ばねを使用するに際し、使用環境温度を−４０℃〜
＋１２０℃とし、該Ｎｉ−Ｔｉ系超弾性ばねの変態温度
Ａｆ点を、該使用環境温度より５〜３０℃低く設定して
使用することを特徴とするＮｉ−Ｔｉ系超弾性ばねの使
用方法である。According to the present invention, when a Ni--Ti type superelastic spring is used, the operating environment temperature is -40.degree.
In the method of using a Ni-Ti superelastic spring, the temperature is set to + 120 ° C and the transformation temperature Af point of the Ni-Ti superelastic spring is set to be 5 to 30 ° C lower than the operating environment temperature. is there.
【０００７】[0007]
【作用】本発明は、上記したように使用環境温度より
も、Ｎｉ−Ｔｉ系超弾性ぱねの変態温度Ａｆ点を５〜３
０℃低く設定することにより、−４０℃から＋１２０℃
までの使用環境温度において、著しく広いせん断ひずみ
範囲を使用することができるものである。上記の変態温
度Ａｆ点を使用環境温度より５〜３０℃低く設定するの
は、５℃未満の設定では、ばねの変形の初回においても
完全に回復せず弾性が得られない。また３０℃を越えて
設定すると、繰り返し変形する初期には所定のせん断ひ
ずみ量に対してばねにかかる荷重がそれほど変わらない
が、繰り返し数が増すと大きく劣化してしまうからであ
る。この変態温度Ａｆ点の調整は、合金の組成を変える
こと、製造方法の変化により制御することができる。According to the present invention, as described above, the transformation temperature Af point of the Ni--Ti system superelastic spring is set to 5 to 3 rather than the use environment temperature.
By setting 0 ℃ lower, -40 ℃ to + 120 ℃
It is possible to use a remarkably wide range of shear strains at operating environment temperatures up to. The transformation temperature Af point is set to be 5 to 30 ° C. lower than the operating environment temperature. If the setting temperature is less than 5 ° C., elasticity is not obtained because the spring is not completely recovered even in the first deformation of the spring. Further, if the temperature is set to be higher than 30 ° C., the load applied to the spring will not change so much with respect to a predetermined shear strain amount in the initial stage of repeated deformation, but if the number of repetitions increases, it will deteriorate significantly. The adjustment of the transformation temperature Af point can be controlled by changing the composition of the alloy and the manufacturing method.
【０００８】また上記の使用環境温度を−４０℃〜＋１
２０℃としたのは、変態温度Ａｆ点との関係で−４０℃
より低いと、製造上加工性が悪くなるからであり、また
＋１２０℃を越えると、変態温度Ａｆ点が高く超弾性を
示さないからである。また本発明におけるＮｉ−Ｔｉ系
超弾性ばねは、その材料の断面形状が、丸線状でも、角
でもよい。また、ばねの種類としては、コイルばね、ね
じりばね、うずまきばね、さらばね、板ばねなど、ほと
んどのばねに適用できる。さらにＮｉ−Ｔｉ系超弾性ば
ねの合金組成としては、原子％でＮｉを５０．５〜５
１．５、またはＮｉを４９．５〜５１．５とＦｅ、Ｃ
ｏ、Ｃｒ、Ｖ、Ｐｄ、Ａｌのうち１種または２種以上を
合計１％以下含み残部ＴｉからなるＮｉ−Ｔｉ系合金が
適用できる。Further, the above-mentioned operating environment temperature is -40 ° C. to +1.
The temperature of 20 ° C. is -40 ° C. in relation to the transformation temperature Af point.
This is because if it is lower, the workability becomes worse in manufacturing, and if it exceeds + 120 ° C., the transformation temperature Af point is high and superelasticity is not exhibited. Further, the cross-sectional shape of the material of the Ni-Ti superelastic spring in the present invention may be round wire or square. Further, as the type of spring, it can be applied to most springs such as a coil spring, a torsion spring, a spiral spring, a flat spring, and a leaf spring. Further, as the alloy composition of the Ni-Ti based superelastic spring, Ni is 50.5 to 5 in atomic%.
1.5 or Ni 49.5-51.5 and Fe, C
A Ni—Ti alloy containing 1% or more of o, Cr, V, Pd, and Al in a total amount of 1% or less and the balance Ti is applicable.
【０００９】[0009]
【実施例】以下に本発明の一実施例について説明する。 実施例１ 表１に示すＮｉ−Ｔｉ系合金を溶解鋳造後、熱間加工、
冷間加工を行い線径１mmのワイヤー状に加工した。作製
したワイヤーを４５０〜５５０℃１時間大気中で熱処理
を施した後、示差走査熱量計によって変態温度Ａｆ点を
測定した。これらの結果を表１に示す。EXAMPLES An example of the present invention will be described below. Example 1 After Ni-Ti alloys shown in Table 1 were melt-cast, hot working,
Cold working was performed into a wire with a wire diameter of 1 mm. The produced wire was heat-treated in the air at 450 to 550 ° C. for 1 hour, and then the transformation temperature Af point was measured by a differential scanning calorimeter. The results are shown in Table 1.
【００１０】[0010]
【表１】 [Table 1]
【００１１】表１から明らかなように本発明に係る試料
No.２〜 NO.９はいずれも加工性が良く、また変態温度
Ａｆ点が−５３℃〜＋１１０℃で、使用環境温度が−４
０〜＋１２０℃の温度で使用可能なことを示している。
これに対し試料 No.１はＮｉが少ないため変態温度Ａｆ
点が高く、加工性が悪い。また試料 No.１０と１１は変
態温度Ａｆ点が低く、加工性が劣る。As is clear from Table 1, the samples according to the present invention
All of No. 2 to NO. 9 have good workability, the transformation temperature Af point is -53 ° C to + 110 ° C, and the operating environment temperature is -4.
It shows that it can be used at a temperature of 0 to + 120 ° C.
On the other hand, sample No. 1 contains a small amount of Ni, so the transformation temperature Af
High points and poor workability. Samples Nos. 10 and 11 have a low transformation temperature Af point and are inferior in workability.
【００１２】実施例２ 原子比で４９．７Ｎｉ−Ｔｉ、５１Ｎｉ−Ｔｉ、５０．
９Ｎｉ−１．０Ｆｅの合金線材を作製した。これを線径
１．０mm、コイル外径１０mm、自由長５０mm、巻数８巻
の圧縮コイルばね状に固定し、４５０〜５５０℃１時間
大気中で熱処理を施した。このばねについて、変態温度
Ａｆ点と使用環境温度を変えた場合の疲労試験による発
生力の変化を測定した。疲労試験は、所定の試験温度
で、せん断ひずみ量０と１．５％を繰り返した。発生力
の変化は、せん断ひずみが１．５％の時の発生力につい
て、初回を１００とし、各サイクル疲労試験後の発生力
の値で規格化して示した。ばねのたわみとせん断ひずみ
の関係は、 γ＝（δｄ）／（πＮＤ2) γ：せん断ひずみ（％） δ：ばねのたわみ（mm） ｄ：材料の直径（mm） Ｎ：有効巻数 Ｄ：コイル平均径（mm) である。これらの試験結果を表２に示した。Example 2 Atomic ratio of 49.7Ni-Ti, 51Ni-Ti, 50.
An alloy wire of 9Ni-1.0Fe was produced. This was fixed in the form of a compression coil spring having a wire diameter of 1.0 mm, a coil outer diameter of 10 mm, a free length of 50 mm, and a winding number of 8 and heat-treated in the atmosphere at 450 to 550 ° C. for 1 hour. With respect to this spring, the change in the force generated by the fatigue test when the transformation temperature Af point and the use environment temperature were changed was measured. In the fatigue test, shear strain amounts of 0 and 1.5% were repeated at a predetermined test temperature. The change in the generated force is shown by normalizing the generated force when the shear strain is 1.5%, with the value of the generated force after each cycle fatigue test as 100, the first time. The relationship between spring deflection and shear strain is: γ = (δd) / (πND 2 ) γ: Shear strain (%) δ: Spring deflection (mm) d: Material diameter (mm) N: Effective number of turns D: Coil Average diameter (mm). The results of these tests are shown in Table 2.
【００１３】[0013]
【表２】 [Table 2]
【００１４】表２より明らかなように、本発明に係る試
料 No.２、３、４、６、７は、使用環境温度が−３８℃
〜＋１１８℃の温度で、Ａｆ点はその温度より５〜３８
℃低く設定されたもので、いずれも初回の残留せん断ひ
ずみは０であり、図１に示すばねの荷重−たわみ曲線の
ような変形をしても完全に元に戻り、良好な超弾性ばね
が得られる。また発生力の変化については、１００万回
の繰り返し荷重によっても９０〜９９の回復力を示し
た。As is clear from Table 2, Sample Nos. 2, 3, 4, 6, and 7 according to the present invention have an operating environment temperature of -38 ° C.
At a temperature of ~ + 118 ° C, the Af point is 5 ~ 38 from that temperature.
The residual shear strain at the first time was 0 in each case, and even if the spring was deformed like the load-deflection curve shown in FIG. can get. Regarding the change in the generated force, a recovery force of 90 to 99 was shown even with a repeated load of 1 million times.
【００１５】一方、試料 No.１は、変態温度Ａｆ点の設
定温度が使用環境温度より３℃しか低くないため、初回
の変形の後の残留ひずみが大きく、図２のような荷重−
たわみ曲線を示し、残留たわみが出現し好ましくない。
また試料 No.５および No.８は使用環境温度が変態温度
Ａｆより高過ぎるため、繰り返し発生力が著しく低下す
る。On the other hand, in the sample No. 1, since the set temperature of the transformation temperature Af point is lower than the operating environment temperature by only 3 ° C., the residual strain after the first deformation is large, and the load-like load as shown in FIG.
A flexure curve is shown, and residual flexure appears, which is not preferable.
In addition, since the working environment temperature of Samples No. 5 and No. 8 is higher than the transformation temperature Af, the repetitive force is remarkably reduced.
【００１６】[0016]
【発明の効果】以上に説明したように使用できるせん断
ひずみ範囲が広く、かつ疲労特性にも優れたばねとして
使用できるもので、工業上顕著な効果を奏する。Industrial Applicability As described above, it can be used as a spring having a wide range of shear strain that can be used and excellent fatigue characteristics, and has a remarkable industrial effect.
【図１】本発明の一実施例に係るＮｉ−Ｔｉ系超弾性ば
ねの荷重−たわみ曲線図FIG. 1 is a load-deflection curve diagram of a Ni—Ti based superelastic spring according to an embodiment of the present invention.
【図２】本発明の一実施例に係るＮｉ−Ｔｉ系超弾性ば
ねの他の例の荷重−たわみ曲線図FIG. 2 is a load-deflection curve diagram of another example of a Ni—Ti based superelastic spring according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Claims (1)
し、使用環境温度を−４０℃〜＋１２０℃とし、該Ｎｉ
−Ｔｉ系超弾性ばねの変態温度Ａｆ点を、該使用環境温
度より５〜３０℃低く設定して使用することを特徴とす
るＮｉ−Ｔｉ系超弾性ばねの使用方法。1. When using a Ni—Ti based superelastic spring, the operating environment temperature is set to −40 ° C. to + 120 ° C.
A method of using a Ni-Ti superelastic spring, characterized in that the transformation temperature Af point of the Ti superelastic spring is set to be 5 to 30 ° C. lower than the use environment temperature.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP22797193A JPH0762505A (en) | 1993-08-20 | 1993-08-20 | Method for using ni-ti superelastic spring |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP22797193A JPH0762505A (en) | 1993-08-20 | 1993-08-20 | Method for using ni-ti superelastic spring |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0762505A true JPH0762505A (en) | 1995-03-07 |
Family
ID=16869131
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP22797193A Pending JPH0762505A (en) | 1993-08-20 | 1993-08-20 | Method for using ni-ti superelastic spring |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0762505A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6371463B1 (en) | 2000-04-21 | 2002-04-16 | Dpd, Inc. | Constant-force pseudoelastic springs and applications thereof |
| US6664702B2 (en) | 2000-12-11 | 2003-12-16 | Dpd, Inc. | Pseudoelastic springs with concentrated deformations and applications thereof |
-
1993
- 1993-08-20 JP JP22797193A patent/JPH0762505A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6371463B1 (en) | 2000-04-21 | 2002-04-16 | Dpd, Inc. | Constant-force pseudoelastic springs and applications thereof |
| US6664702B2 (en) | 2000-12-11 | 2003-12-16 | Dpd, Inc. | Pseudoelastic springs with concentrated deformations and applications thereof |
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