JPH0760315B2 - Electronic musical instrument - Google Patents

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an electronic musical instrument in which an algorithm expressing a sounding mechanism of a musical instrument by a mathematical expression and a table is realized by using a digital electronic circuit.

2. Description of the Related Art Recent advances in digital technology have led to the development of many electronic musical instruments, such as electronic pianos and synthesizers, to which digital electronic circuits are applied. Among them, an electronic musical instrument has been proposed in which the sounding mechanism of a musical instrument, especially a clarinet, is analyzed and replaced by a digital electronic circuit. The electronic musical instrument as described above will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a conventional electronic musical instrument. In FIG. 5, reference numeral 51 is a control unit that sends the mouth pressure data P _M and a sound generation start signal, and 52 is calculated based on the data sent from the delay unit 53 and the mouth pressure data P _M sent from the control unit 51. An arithmetic unit for sending data to the delay unit 53, a delay unit 53 for writing the data sent from the arithmetic unit 52 in a memory and for reading the written data after a preset time delay and sending it to the arithmetic unit 52. 54, a digital-analog converter that performs digital-analog conversion of the data sent from the arithmetic unit 52, 55 a sound system that obtains a desired musical tone signal based on the data sent from the digital-analog converter 54, and 56 a control unit An adder that adds the intraoral pressure data P _M sent from 51 to the output value of the multiplier 57, and 57 is the data sent from the table 58. A multiplier that multiplies the data sent from the adder 59, 58 is a table that reads the data stored in advance using the data sent from the adder 59 as an address, and 59 is sent from the control unit 51. It is an adder that adds the intraoral pressure data P _M and the data sent from the delay unit 53.

FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram of the delay section 53. Sixth
In the figure, reference numeral 61 is a delay memory for sending the data read from the address counter value sent by the counter 62 as an address to the AND gate 63 and writing the data sent from the arithmetic unit 52, and 62 is the sound output from the control unit 51. When the address signal is reset by the start signal, the address counter value is incremented by 1 at the timing of generation of the system clock CK, and when the address counter value reaches the maximum value (equal to the word length m of the delay memory 61), the carry signal CY is RS. A counter to be sent to the flip-flop 64, 63 is an AND gate for resetting each bit of the data outputted from the delay memory 61 by a signal sent from the RS flip-flop 64, and 64 is a sounding start sent from the control section 51 Carry signal C set by the signal and sent from the counter 62 RS flip-flop reset by Y, and 65 is a latch for latching the data sent from the AND gate 63 by the latch signal LA.

FIG. 7 is a time chart showing the operation of the delay unit 53.

FIG. 8 is a state diagram when a point B of a clarinet, which is a model of a conventional electronic musical instrument, is opened and blown. In FIG. 8, 81 is a cross section of the performer's lip and 82 is a clarinet.

The operation of the electronic musical instrument configured as described above will be described below.

Pressure data P _M from the control section 51 by pressing the key
And a tone generation start signal is transmitted. First, the tone generation start signal is sent to the delay unit 53 to reset the counter 62, and the address counter value 0 is sent to the delay memory 61. The delay memory 61 uses the data Pn, 0 stored at address 0 as A
Send to ND gate 63. Since the sound generation start signal is also input to the S input of the RS flip-flop 64, the RS flip-flop sends the signal "High" to the AND gate 63 and AND63.
Is 0 regardless of the data from the delay memory 61
Will be output. The output data of the AND gate 63 is latched by the latch 65 and sent to the adder 59 via the bus 2. In the adder 59, the output data of the latch 65 and the inverted value of the output data P _M from the control unit 51 are added, and the addition result is sent to the table 58 and the multiplication unit 57. table
Data is read from the table 58 by using the data sent to 58 as an address, and the multiplier 57 multiplies the data sent from the adder 59. The multiplication result of the multiplier 57 is the mouth pressure data P _M sent from the control unit 51.
Is added in the adder 56, and the addition result is the delay unit 53
To the bus 1 via the bus 1. Then, the data sent from the adder 56 is written in the address 0 of the delay memory. After that, the above operation is cyclically performed as shown in the time chart of FIG. Further, the counter 62 sends out the carry signal CY to the R input of the RS flip-flop 64 when the maximum value of the counter 62, that is, the word length m of the delay memory 61 is reached. The counter 62 counts the address count value from 0 to m-1 after the generation. That is, it corresponds to the initial reset of the delay memory. Here, FIG. 8 is a model when a tone hole at point B of the clarinet is blown, but the pressure P _M in the lip 81 corresponds to the mouth pressure data P _M in FIG. The wave pressure _b ⁺ corresponds to the output data of the adder 56 in FIG. 5, and the reflected wave pressure P _b ⁻ in the tube corresponds to the input data of the adder 59 in FIG. Further, twice the distance 1 from the point A to the point B 21 is 21 as the delay memory 61 in FIG.
Corresponds to the word length m of.

The tone signal obtained by the above operation has a pitch of f / (m × 2) when the system clock is fHz.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION However, the conventional configuration as described above has a problem in that the tone of the delay memory cannot be controlled, so that the pitch change in accordance with the equal temperament cannot be realized.

In view of the above-mentioned drawbacks, the present invention provides an electronic musical instrument capable of changing a pitch according to the equal temperament.

Means for Solving the Problems To achieve this object, the electronic musical instrument of the present invention writes data sent from an arithmetic unit in a memory and controls time by delay length control data sent from an exponential converter. A delay unit for reading the data sent from the arithmetic unit after the delay from the memory and sending it to the arithmetic unit again, and an exponential conversion unit for converting the pitch data sent from the control unit into the delay length control data It is a thing.

Operation With this configuration, for example, pitch data corresponding to the position of the keyboard is exponentially converted by the exponential conversion unit, and the delay length control data that is the exponential conversion result is used as the word length of the delay memory, so that the actual musical instrument can be easily converted. A similar pitch change can be realized.

Embodiment An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an electronic musical instrument according to an embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 1, 11 is a control unit that sends mouth pressure data P _M , a tone generation start signal, and delay length control data, and 12 is a delay length that is an exponential conversion result of exponential conversion of the pitch data sent from the control unit 11. The exponent conversion unit for sending out control data, 13 writes the data sent out from the arithmetic unit 52 in the memory, and the written data after a time delay controlled by the delay length control data sent out from the exponent conversion unit 12. Is a delay unit that reads out and outputs to. The other blocks are the same as in the conventional example.

FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of the delay unit 13. Second
In the figure, reference numeral 21 compares the address counter value sent from the counter 62 with the delay length control data sent from the exponent converter 12, and when they match, sends a comparison match signal to the R input of the RS flip-flop and the OR gate 22. A comparator,
Reference numeral 22 is an OR gate that takes the logical sum of the tone generation start signal sent from the control unit 11 and the comparison match signal sent from the comparator 21, and sends the output signal to the R input of the counter 62. The other blocks are the same as in the conventional example.

FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of the exponential conversion unit 12. In FIG. 3, 31 is an exponent table that stores 0 octave delay length control data corresponding to 12 scales of 0 octave in an exponential series, and 32 is pitch data corresponding to the position of the keyboard sent from the control unit 11. Pitch data conversion table that converts data (data that distinguishes 12 scales in one octave) and octave data (data that specifies octave number), 33 is the 0 octave delay length control data read from the index table 31 The barrel shifter shifts the octave data read from the pitch data conversion table and sends the shift output to the delay unit 13 as delay length control data.

FIG. 4 (A) is a table showing the values of the note data and octave data stored in the pitch data conversion table 32.

FIG. 4 (B) is a table showing the values of the 0 octave delay length control data corresponding to 12 scales of 0 octave when the system clock is 64 kHz.

The operation of the electronic musical instrument configured as described above will be described below. Since the general outline operation is the same as the conventional example, only the operations of the control unit 11, the exponent conversion unit 12, and the delay unit 13 different from the conventional example will be described.

By pressing the key, the mouth pressure data P _M , the tone generation start signal and the pitch data are transmitted. The pitch data is input to the index conversion unit 12 as an address of the pitch data conversion table 32, and the note data and octave data stored in the pitch data conversion table 32 are read out. The note data is input as the address of the exponent table 31 and the 0 octave delay length control data is read out. The read 0 octave delay length control data is input to the barrel shifter 33 and is shifted by the octave data read from the pitch data conversion table 32. As a result, the desired delay length control data is output from the barrel shifter 33.

The delay length control data is compared with the address counter value sent by the counter 62 sent to the comparator 21 of the delay unit 13. If the comparison results in a match,
The comparison match signal is sent to the R input of the RS flip-flop 64 and the OR gate 22. The comparison match signal sent to the R input of the RS flip-flop resets the output signal of the RS flip-flop, and as a result, the reset operation of the AND gate 63 is prohibited. That is, the reset operation of the output data of the AND gate 63 is performed from the time when the tone generation start signal is sent from the control section 11 until the counter 62 sets the address value to 0 (the value indicated by the delay length control data). OR gate
The comparison match signal sent to 22 is input to the R input of the counter 62 to reset the address counter value. That is, the counter 62 cyclically changes the address counter value from 0 to the value indicated by the delay length control data. Here, when the maximum word length of the delay memory is m and the maximum value of the delay length control data is k, m ≧ k is a condition.

Next, 0 stored in the index table 31 shown in FIG.
The value of the octave delay length control data represents the delay value of half wavelength when the system clock is 64 kHz,
For example, for scale C ₀ it can be seen that generates tone signals of musical intervals of 16Hz from the equation _{64kHz / (745 h × 2)} = 16Hz. Similarly, an equal tempered scale can be realized for all scales within 0 octave. Further, since the note data stored in the pitch data conversion table shown in FIG. 4 (A) has the same value for all octaves, 0 octave delay length data is shifted by octave data (assumed to be equal to octave number) ( If octave data is OCT, 2
^-OCT shift) makes it possible to realize equal temperament scale for the entire range.

As described above, according to this embodiment, for example, the pitch data corresponding to the keyboard position is first converted into note data and octave data in the pitch data conversion table, and the note data is exponentially converted using the exponent table 31. Further, by shifting the 0-octave delay length control data output by the exponential conversion with the octave data, desired delay length control data can be obtained. Further, the delay length control data becomes equal to the word length of the delay memory by executing the comparison operation of the delay length control data and the address counter value which is the output value of the counter 62, and as a result, the pitch change according to the equal temperament scale. Can be realized.

As described above, according to the present invention, the first memory storing exponential series data and the second memory storing a table for converting pitch data sent from the control unit into note data and octave data. Memory and a barrel shifter that shifts the output value of the first memory based on the octave data. The barrel shifter is provided with an exponential conversion unit that sends the output value of the barrel shifter to the delay unit as delay length control data. By setting the word length of the delay memory of the part, it is possible to realize the pitch change according to the equal temperament scale, and the practical effect is great.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an electronic musical instrument according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of a delay section, FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of an exponential conversion section, and FIG. 4 (A) is a pitch data conversion table. Correspondence diagram showing the values of note data and octave data stored in, Fig. 4 (B) is a correspondence diagram showing the values of the delay length control data corresponding to each scale when the system clock is 64 kHz, 5 is a block diagram of a conventional electronic musical instrument,
FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram of the delay unit, FIG. 7 is a time chart showing the operation of the delay unit, and FIG. 8 is a state diagram when the point B of the clarinet is opened and blown. 11 …… control section, 12 …… exponent conversion section, 13 …… delay section, 21 …… comparator, 22 …… OR gate, 31 …… exponent table, 32 …… pitch data conversion table, 33 …… barrel shifter , 52 ... Calculation unit, 54 ... Digital-to-analog converter, 55 ... Sound system, 56, 59 ... Adder, 57 ...
… Multiplier, 58 …… Table, 61 …… Delay memory, 62
…… Counter, 63 …… AND gate, 64 …… RS flip-flop, 65 …… Latch.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A data section D comprising a controller section for transmitting mouth pressure data, a tone generation start signal and pitch data, and an exponential conversion section for converting the pitch data sent from the control section into delay length control data. Is written in the memory, and the delay unit for reading the data D from the memory after a time delay controlled by the delay length control data sent from the exponential conversion unit and the mouth pressure data sent from the controller unit are inverted. The added data and the data D sent from the delay unit are added, the data read from the table with the addition result in the addition as an address is multiplied by the addition result, and the multiplication result in the multiplication and the controller The addition result with the mouth pressure data sent from the A calculation unit to be sent to the delay unit, first the exponential conversion unit has stored the data of the index series 1
Memory, a second memory storing a table for converting pitch data sent from the control unit into note data and octave data, and a barrel shifter for shifting the output value of the first memory based on the octave data. An electronic musical instrument characterized by consisting of.