JPH0757077B2 - Three-phase armature winding - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Application] The present invention relates to an integer slot winding three-phase armature winding.

(Prior Art) As winding methods for three-phase armature windings, there are generally lap winding and concentric winding.

The lap winding is configured by sequentially stacking coils having the same shape and the same coil pitch and accommodating them in slots. This has an advantage that the electric resistances of the respective phases are balanced because the coils have the same shape and the winding resistance and leakage reactance of the respective phases are equal. However, since coils of different phases are stacked in two layers in all slots, the coil insertion work cannot be automated, and the worker has to perform it manually.

On the other hand, in the concentric winding, the winding of each pole of each phase is composed of a plurality of concentric winding coils having different coil pitches, and these are arranged concentrically with respect to the pole center. This is widely used because it is possible to insert a coil by using an automatic coil inserting machine in which each winding is called an inserter and is excellent in productivity. One example is shown in FIG. The illustrated winding is a four-pole concentric winding, and the coils of each phase are housed in the slots for each phase in the order of U, V, W phases, for example. Therefore, the coil ends of each coil are arranged in the order of U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase from the outer peripheral side, and each pole coil of each phase is within an angle range of about 90 degrees that divides the annular region surrounding the rotor into four equal parts. They are located one after another. In the figure, the U-phase coil has the first to fourth poles U1.
~ U4, V1 ~ V4, W1 in the same way for V phase and W phase
It is represented as ~ W4.

(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) However, the above configuration has the following problems.

(1) Since it is a single-layer winding in which one coil is housed in one slot, the insertability of the coil deteriorates in models with a large coil volume, and it becomes difficult to form the coil end after insertion. The length in the axial direction becomes long and the coil surface is damaged. Therefore, it is necessary to sufficiently thicken the slot insulator and the interphase insulator so that the coil end molding process can be sufficiently endured.

(2) Since the coil ends of each phase are arranged in sequence in the radial direction for each phase, the length dimension of the coil end differs for each phase. Therefore, due to the difference between the winding resistance and the leakage reactance, the winding impedance for each phase is unbalanced, which causes various electrical problems such as the unbalance of the exciting current. Further, if the core size is the same, various electrical characteristics are inferior to the lap winding, and the amount of copper used is increased.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a three-phase armature winding that exhibits coil insertability equivalent to that of a single-layer concentric winding, is excellent in productivity, and has excellent electrical characteristics equivalent to that of a two-layer lap winding. To provide.

[Structure of the Invention] (Means for Solving the Problems) The three-phase armature winding of the present invention has q concentric winding coils having the same coil pitch or different coil pitches. , Consisting of q continuous coils sequentially located in adjacent slots (q is the number of slots of each pole and each phase), and the windings of each phase are separated from each other by pπ / 3 in electrical angle (P is the number of poles) In addition, it is characterized in that the windings for three phases are set as one set and are simultaneously inserted into the slots by the coil inserting machine as many times as the number of poles to form a two-layer winding.

(Function) The winding of each phase and each phase has a q corresponding to the number of slots of each phase and each phase.
Since it is composed of one concentric winding coil or q continuous coils, it is a two-layer winding in which two coil sides are inserted into one slot. For this reason, the cross-sectional area per coil is half that of a single-layer concentric winding. Therefore, even in a model with a large coil volume, the coil insertability can be maintained well and the coil end can be formed after the coil is inserted. It becomes easier and less likely to cause insulation failure on the coil surface. In addition, since coils for three phases are simultaneously inserted into the slots as many times as the number of poles to form a two-layer winding, the coil insertion work can be automated by the coil insertion machine, resulting in excellent productivity. Moreover, since the positional relationship between the windings of the windings of each phase is the same for each phase, the winding impedances are balanced among the three phases, and the generation of unbalanced excitation current is suppressed to prevent electrical changes. The characteristics are improved.

(Example) <First Example> In this example, a two-layer concentric winding with four poles and 48 slots is used.
This will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4.

Numbers 1 to 48 are slot numbers, U1 to U4 are U-phase first to fourth
Each pole winding, V1 to V4 are the V phase first to fourth pole windings, W1
˜W4 denote the W-phase first to fourth pole windings. In this embodiment, the number of slots q of each phase of each pole is q = 48/4 × 3 = 4.

As for the winding of each pole of each phase, as shown in FIG. 3 by extracting only the first pole of each phase, four concentric winding coils U11 to U14, V11 to It is composed of V14, W11 to W14. The U-phase first pole winding U1 will be described in detail because it is constructed based on the same principle for all the phases. This is because the first coil U11 having the coil pitch 13 ranging from # 1 to # 14.
And the second coil U12 having a coil pitch of 11 from # 2 to # 13
And the third coil U13 having a coil pitch of 9 from # 3 to # 12
And the fourth coil U14 with a coil pitch of 7 from # 4 to # 11
And q coils (4 coils) whose coil pitches are different from each other. The symbol # is added to indicate the slot number.

The first pole windings U1, V1, W1 of each phase are arranged so as to be located on the outermost periphery of the armature core, and correspond to pπ / 3 in electrical angle to each other.
240 ° apart. In addition, the inner circumference of the second phase of each
The pole windings U2, V2, W2 are arranged, further the third pole windings U3, V3, W3 of each phase are arranged on the inner circumference thereof, and the fourth pole winding U4 of each phase is arranged on the innermost circumference. V4 and W4 are arranged, and for each pole, the phase windings are separated from each other by an electrical angle of 240 ° corresponding to pπ / 3.

The state of housing the coil group constituting each of the above windings in the slot will be described. In Fig. 1, the two wires shown in each slot portion of # 1 to # 48 show the state of two-layer winding in which two coil sides with different phases are housed in one slot. It means that the coil side shown in is located at the bottom of the slot (outer peripheral side of the armature core), and the coil side shown at the left is located at the upper part of the slot (inner peripheral side of the armature core). The following table shows the positional relationship of all the coils within the slots. In the following table,
The “bottom” is the coil side that is stored at the bottom of the slot, and the “top”
Means that the coil side is housed above the slot. Therefore, "bottom-bottom" means that the coil is arranged such that both coil sides extend from the bottom of the slot to the bottom.
"Upper" means that one coil side of the coil is arranged so that the bottom side of the slot is located and the other coil side is located above the slot.

Now, the procedure for inserting each coil will be described. First, the first coil insertion work is the three-phase winding U1, V1, which is the first pole.
Perform W1 as a set. Phases 4 that make up these windings
As can be seen from the table above, the total of 12 coils, 12 coils in total, are housed in the bottom of the slot, so each coil is separated by an electrical angle of 240 °. It can be set in the machine (inserter) and inserted at the same time.

Next, for the second coil insertion work, the second pole three-phase winding U
Perform 2, V2, W2 as a set. In this case as well, the windings may be set in the coil inserter so that they are separated by an electrical angle of 240 ° and inserted simultaneously. At this time, as is clear from the previous table, for the two coils with coil pitches of 13 and 11, one coil side is inserted in the upper part of the slot, but these are the same phase that has already been inserted. Since it is stacked on the coil of the first pole winding having the same pitch, it may be simply stacked and inserted on the first pole winding. The third coil insertion work is similarly performed with the third pole three-phase windings U3, V3, W3 as one set. Also in this case, the coil side of the winding of the first pole or the second pole is already inserted in the slot into which the coil side is to be inserted,
After all, it suffices to simply insert the first and second pole windings in an overlapping manner. And finally, if the four-pole three-phase windings U4, V4, W4 are set as one set and inserted by the coil inserting machine as described above,
All the coil sides of the winding are located above the slots and are inserted into the first to third windings in an overlapping manner. As described above, in this embodiment, the insertion work of all the windings can be completed by the insertion work of four times (equal to the number of poles) using the coil insertion machine. When coil sides of different phases are accommodated in the same slot, it is needless to say that an insole insulator for insulating between the different phase coils is mechanically or manually inserted.

The arrangement of the coils inserted as described above is as shown in FIG. 2, and the relationship of the insertion positions of the windings of each phase into the slots is the same for each phase, and the geometrical and electrical balance is achieved. It is clear that

Regarding the connection of each coil, for example, FIG. 4 (A)
4Y connection can be made by connecting as shown in FIG. 4 and 4Δ connection can be made by connecting as shown in FIG. 4 (B).

According to the present embodiment having the above-described configuration, the insertion of all the coils can be completed by four coil insertion operations using the coil insertion machine, and the coil insertion is changed to the two-layer lap winding that relies on manual work. Compared to this, productivity is significantly higher. Moreover,
Nevertheless, as shown in FIG. 1, since the coil ends of the windings of the three phases are evenly arranged in the circumferential direction, the lengths of the coil ends are substantially equal in each phase. For this reason, the impedances of the coils of the respective phases become substantially equal to each other, it is possible to prevent the imbalance of the exciting current due to the impedance imbalance, etc., and it is possible to suppress the deterioration of the various electrical characteristics that is likely to occur in the conventional single-layer concentric winding. Also, since it is a two-layer concentric winding, one coil is composed of half the number of conductors as the conventional single-layer concentric winding. Therefore, the coil volume is half that of the conventional type, making it easier to insert into the slot,
In addition, the coil end shaping work after insertion becomes easy. This ease of coil end shaping work means that shaping is possible without giving sufficient margin to the length of the coil end, so the axial dimension of each coil becomes shorter. It is possible to reduce the amount of copper used and the weight.
It becomes possible to secure a sufficient insulation distance between the coil end and the outer structure. Moreover, since the shaping pressure is low, the insulating coating of the coil is less likely to be damaged.

<Second Embodiment> A second embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 5 and 6. 48 slots, 4
The two-layer concentric winding of poles is the same as in the first embodiment, but the coil pitch of each coil is different.

The number of slots q of each phase of each pole is 4 as in the first embodiment, and the winding of each phase of each pole is composed of four concentric winding coils having different coil pitches. The coil pitch of each concentric winding coil is 15,13,11,9. Since the other points are the same as those of the first embodiment, the same parts are designated by the same reference numerals and the description thereof will be omitted. The coil expansion diagram is as shown in FIG. 6, and it is apparent that the positional relationship of insertion of the phase windings into the slots is the same for each phase and is geometrically and electrically balanced.

Therefore, the same action and effect as those of the first embodiment can be obtained, and since coils of the same phase are vertically inserted in the slots # 1 to # 4, for example, insole insulation in the slots It is possible to simplify an object and an interphase insulator inserted between different phases of the coil end portion, and there is an advantage that motor characteristics are improved by increasing the coil pitch.

<Third Embodiment> The third embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8. 48 slots, 4
In the point that the number of slots q of each pole and each phase is 4 in the pole,
The second embodiment is the same as the second embodiment, except that the lap winding method is adopted.

The windings for each pole and phase are all composed of four continuous coils with a coil pitch of 10. Fig. 8 shows only the three-phase windings U1, V1, W1 that make up the first pole.
Each successive coil is arranged to be located in the adjacent slots. The windings U1, V1, W1 for these three phases are inserted as a set into the iron core slot by a coil inserter. Further, the three-phase windings forming the remaining poles have the same structure, and the windings for the three phases of each pole are set as one set and are simultaneously inserted into the slot as many times as the number of poles. The coil layout is shown in FIG.

According to the third embodiment, the coil inserting work can be performed by using the coil inserting machine even in the case of the double layer winding, and the productivity is greatly improved. Of course, since the number of conductors of each coil is half that of the single-layer concentric winding, the coil end molding operation can be easily performed. The coil pitch of 10 means that the% pitch is 83%, so that harmonic distortion can be reduced and motor characteristics can be improved.

<Fourth Embodiment> As is apparent from FIG. 9 showing the coil arrangement of this embodiment, this is an example of 36 slots and 4 poles. In the present embodiment, the number of slots q of each phase and each phase is 3, and the winding of each phase and each pole is composed of three (q) concentric winding coils having a coil pitch of 10, 8, 6 in order. There is. Similarly, the windings of each phase are separated from each other by an electrical angle of 240 °, and the windings for three phases are set as one set and are simultaneously inserted into the slots as many times as the number of poles to form a two-layer concentric winding. Since the number of slots and the coil pitch are only different from those in the first embodiment, the same parts are designated by the same reference numerals and the description thereof will be omitted. However, the same effects as the first embodiment can be obtained.

<Fifth Embodiment> With 36 slots and 4 poles, double-layer winding can be performed. In this case, the coil pitch is 8 (% pitch is 89%)
The coil arrangement is exactly the same as in FIG.

<Sixth Embodiment> A coil layout of this embodiment is shown in FIG.
This is an example of two-layer concentric winding with slots and four poles, and the coil pitch of the concentric winding coil is different from that of the fourth embodiment. The coil pitch of the three concentric winding coils that make up each pole winding of each phase is 11, 9, 7 in order, and the windings for three phases are also set as a set and are simultaneously inserted into the slots as many times as there are poles. It is a layered roll.

<Seventh Embodiment> FIG. 11 shows a coil layout. This is an example of 60 slots, 4 poles, and two-layer concentric winding. The number of slots q of each pole and phase is q
= 60/4 x 3 to 5, and the windings of each phase and each phase are composed of 5 (q) concentric winding coils with different coil pitches, and the coil pitches are 14, 12, 10, 8 in order. , 6.

This embodiment also has the advantage that the same effects as those of the above-described embodiments can be obtained, and in particular, the insertion of the insole insulator or the interphase insulator can be simplified, as in the second and sixth embodiments.

In addition, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and is not limited to the connection shown in FIG. 4, and 1 × Y, 2 × Y, 1
It is needless to say that the wiring may be connected by × Δ, 2 × Δ, etc., and the coil pitch of each coil is not limited to the example shown in each embodiment, and can be variously changed within a range in which abnormal torque is not generated. It is a thing.

As described above, according to the three-phase armature winding of the present invention,
Since it is a two-layer winding and the cross-sectional area per coil is half that of a single-layer concentric winding, coil insertability can be maintained well even in models with large coil volumes, and coil end after coil insertion Is easy to form, and insulation failure on the coil surface is less likely to occur. Further, since coils for three phases are simultaneously inserted into the slots by the coil inserting machine as many times as the number of poles to form a two-layer winding, it is easy to automate the coil inserting work and excellent in productivity. Moreover, since the positional relationship between the windings of the windings of each phase is the same for each phase and the winding impedance is balanced between the three phases, the generation of unbalanced excitation current is suppressed and electrical characteristics are reduced. It has excellent effects such as improved characteristics.

[Brief description of drawings]

1 to 4 show a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a coil development view, FIG. 2 is a coil arrangement view, FIG. 3 is a coil development view showing only the first pole of each phase, and FIG. 4 is a winding connection diagram. 5 and 6 show a second embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 5 is a coil development view, and FIG. 6 is a coil arrangement view. 7 and 8 show a third embodiment of the present invention,
FIG. 7 is a coil development view, and FIG. 8 is a coil development view showing only the first pole of each phase. FIG. 9 is a coil layout drawing showing the fourth and fifth embodiments of the present invention, FIG. 10 is a coil layout drawing of the sixth embodiment, FIG. 11 is a coil layout drawing of the seventh embodiment, and FIG. The drawing is a coil layout of the third embodiment. FIG. 13 is a side view from the coil end side showing a conventional example. In the figure, U1 to U4 are U-phase first to fourth pole windings, V1 to V4
Are the windings of the first to fourth poles of the V phase, and W1 to W4 are the first windings of the W phase.
It is each winding of the pole to the fourth pole.

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A three-phase armature winding having an integral slot winding, wherein windings of each pole and each phase have different coil pitches from each other.
It is composed of a number of concentric winding coils (q is the number of slots of each pole and each phase), the windings of each phase are separated from each other by an electrical angle of pπ / 3 (P is the number of poles), and windings for three phases The three-phase armature winding is characterized in that the coil is inserted into the slot at the same number of times as the number of poles by a coil inserting machine to form a two-layer winding. 2. A three-phase armature winding of integer slot winding, wherein each phase and winding of each pole is composed of q continuous coils having the same coil pitch and sequentially located in adjacent slots (q is each The number of slots for each phase), the windings for each phase are separated by an electrical angle of pπ / 3 from each other (P is the number of poles), and the coils for three phases are inserted into the slots as many times as the number of poles. A three-phase armature winding that is simultaneously inserted by a machine to form a two-layer winding.