JPH0756592B2 - Electronic musical instrument - Google Patents

Description

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an electronic musical instrument, and more particularly, to a key scaling technique for controlling the waveform of a musical tone according to the pitch or range of the musical tone to be generated.

Conventional technology In the conventional technology related to musical tone key scaling, a waveform for the high frequency range and a waveform for the low frequency range are prepared respectively, and the scaling (weighting) coefficient according to the pitch (range) of the musical sound to be generated is used. It was to interpolate between both waveforms. In such a case, the waveform used for scaling is always fixed to two types, that is, for the high frequency range and for the low frequency range, and insufficient key scaling control is possible. Depending on the timbre to be realized, it is preferable to have some kinds of scaling characteristics according to the range.
In the past, such control was impossible.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide an electronic musical instrument capable of controlling the mode of the key scaling characteristic of a musical tone waveform with various variations depending on the tone color. Then, it is intended to obtain a good-quality musical sound whose musical sound waveform changes according to a pitch or a musical range by a simple key scaling technique.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An electronic musical instrument according to a first aspect of the present invention includes a waveform storage means for storing a plurality of waveform signals each representing a different musical tone waveform, a pitch designating means for designating a pitch of a musical tone to be generated, and a tone color of the musical tone. And a tone color specified by the tone color designating means, by dividing the entire range range that can be designated by the tone color designating means by a unique division number for each tone color that can be designated by the tone color designating means. Waveform designating means for generating waveform designating information for designating a predetermined waveform signal among the plurality of waveform signals corresponding to the pitch range to which the pitch designated by the pitch designating means belongs among the respective divided pitch ranges. And a waveform signal designated by the waveform designation information is read from the waveform storage means at a speed corresponding to the pitch designated by the pitch designation means, and a tone signal is generated based on the read waveform signal. Musical tone generation It is characterized by including means and means.

Corresponding to the embodiments described later, the waveform storage means corresponds to the waveform memories 12 and 13, the pitch designating means corresponds to a portion related to the keyboard circuit 10, and the tone color designating means is a tone color selection switch.
Corresponding to the part related to 22, the waveform designating means corresponds to the part related to the waveform designating means 14, and the tone generating means corresponds to the part related to the phase address generator 11 and the waveform memories 12 and 13.

From the waveform storage means, a designated waveform signal is read out from among a plurality of waveform signals each representing a different tone waveform. This designation is performed by the waveform designating means. In the waveform designating means, among the plurality of waveform signals stored in the waveform storing means, corresponding to the range to which the designated pitch belongs among the ranges divided by the number of divisions specific to the specified tone color. Designate a predetermined waveform signal. As an example, as shown in (a) to (d) of FIG. 2, the entire range is divided by a unique division number that is different for each tone color, and is divided according to the designated tone color. A predetermined waveform signal is designated in correspondence with the tone range to which the designated pitch belongs in each tone range. For example, as shown in FIG. 3, for tone color A, one corresponding to the range to which the designated pitch belongs is designated from two predetermined types of waveform signals, and for tone color C, five predetermined types of waveform signals are designated. The one corresponding to the range to which the specified pitch belongs is designated. The musical tone generating means reads the waveform signal designated by the waveform designating information from the waveform storing means at a speed corresponding to the pitch designated by the pitch designating means, and generates a musical tone signal based on the read waveform signal. .

In this way, the tone color key scaling is performed by specifying different waveform signals according to the pitch (tone range). Moreover, the tone range is divided by a specific number of divisions for each tone color, and since the waveform signal corresponding to each tone range is used according to the specified tone color, the optimal tone color key scaling according to the tone color is stored in the memory. It can be implemented using appropriately sized waveform storage means that does not unnecessarily increase capacity. For example, for a tone color that requires fine key scaling, the number of range divisions may be increased, and for those that are not, it may be reduced.

An electric musical instrument according to a second aspect of the invention is different from the waveform designating means of the first aspect of the invention in that the entire tone range that can be designated by the pitch designating means is different for each tone color that can be designated by the tone color designating means. The number of divisions is such that at least one division range width for each tone color is different from other division ranges, and the plurality of waveform signals are respectively assigned to each tone range divided for each tone color. And a waveform designating means for designating the waveform signal assigned to the tone range designated by the tone color designating means and the tone range to which the pitch designated by the pitch designating means belongs. To do. According to this, the range of musical notes frequently used for performance (for example, the middle range) is finely divided, and the range division mode is set unevenly and arbitrarily. Quality can be improved.

Further, the electronic musical instrument according to the third aspect of the invention has a plurality of series of waveform storage means for storing a plurality of waveform signals each representing a plurality of different musical tone waveforms, and a tone designating the pitch of the musical tone to be generated. High-specifying means, tone-color specifying means for designating the tone color of a musical tone, and waveform signal groups consisting of a plurality of different waveform signals are specified and specified in the waveform storing means of each series according to the specified tone color. A predetermined waveform signal is designated from the generated waveform signal group according to the pitch designated by the pitch designating means, and the number of the waveform signal in the waveform signal group is unique to each tone color. A waveform designating means comprising a number, wherein the number of waveform signals corresponding to at least one timbre is different from the number of waveform signals corresponding to other timbres, and the waveform designating means from the waveform storing means of each series. By means The generated waveform signals are read according to the pitch designated by the pitch designating means, and the read waveform signals are respectively weighted according to the pitch and combined to generate a musical tone signal. It is characterized by having means and means. In the embodiments described later, the part related to the scaling parameter generator 20 and the multipliers 15 and 16 corresponds to the means for weighting. According to this, similarly to the above, in addition to performing appropriate tone color key scaling according to the tone range division mode corresponding to the tone color, the waveform signals read out in each series are weighted and combined at an appropriate ratio to create a tone signal. Therefore, finer tone color key scaling can be performed by weighted interpolation.

Embodiment In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the keyboard circuit 10 is a means for designating the pitch of a musical tone to be generated by pressing the key, and the key code KC indicating the pressed key and "1" while the key is being pressed. The key-on signal KON which is "and the key-on pulse KONP which becomes" 1 "instantly at the start of key pressing is output. The key code KC comprises octave codes B3 to B1 of upper 3 bits and note codes N4 to N1 of lower 4 bits. Phase address generator 11
Generates phase address data corresponding to instantaneous phase angle information that changes at a rate corresponding to the pitch of a musical tone to be generated according to the key code KC.

As a plurality of series of musical tone generating means capable of selectively generating a plurality of types of waveform signals and respectively generating musical tone signals corresponding to the selected waveform signals corresponding to designated pitches, two series of waveform memories 12 , 13 are used. Waveform designation codes WD1 and WD2 are given to the waveform selection addresses of the waveform memories 12 and 13 from the waveform designation means 14, respectively, and the waveform type designated by the codes WD1 and WD2 is selected (readable) and the phase is selected. The selected waveform signal is repeatedly read according to the phase address data given from the address generator 11. As an example, one type of waveform signal is composed of one period waveform, and each of the waveform memories 12 and 13 stores 64 types of waveforms at 64 addresses for each waveform.

In order to weight and mix the waveform signals read from the memories 12 and 13 at an appropriate ratio, the multipliers 15 to 18 and the adder 19
Is provided. Scaling parameter generator 20
Stores a predetermined scaling characteristic function in advance,
Scaling parameters (weighting coefficients) SP1 and SP2 determined by this scaling characteristic function with the pitch of the musical sound to be generated as a variable are read out for each series, and the multiplier 15,
Give to 16. The tone signal and the scaling parameter SP1 read from the first series of waveform memory 12 are added to the multiplier 15, and the tone signal and the scaling parameter SP2 read from the second series of waveform memory 13 are added to the multiplier 16. Join. In this way, in the multipliers 15 and 16, the tone signal of each series is weighted at a ratio according to its pitch. The outputs of the multipliers 15 and 16 are individually added to the adder 19 via the multipliers 17 and 18 for giving an amplitude envelope. The tone signal added by the adder 19 is a sound system.
Up to 21.

A tone color selection switch 22 is provided to select various tone colors. The tone parameter generator 23 generates tone parameters for realizing the tone color selected by the tone color selection switch 22, and is composed of, for example, a ROM. The waveform designating means 14 is controlled according to the tone parameter generated from the tone parameter generator 23, that is, the tone color designating information, and further the scaling characteristic function in the scaling parameter generator 20 is controlled.

The waveform designating means 14 generates the waveform designating codes WD1 and WD2 according to the key code KC given from the keyboard circuit 10 and the tone parameter given from the tone parameter generator 23. The waveform memories 12 and 13 store one or a plurality of types of waveforms for each tone color. The address area in which the waveform corresponding to the designated tone color is stored is specified by the tone parameter, and according to the key code KC, The individual waveform selection addresses in the address area are specified, and the waveform specifying codes WD1 and WD2 are generated according to the specified contents. More specifically, the width of the range corresponding to one type of waveform is determined according to the specified tone color (that is, the range division mode is determined), and the pitch indicated by the key code KC is thus determined. Depending on which of the divided (divided) ranges belong, waveform specifying codes WD1 and WD2 for specifying a waveform corresponding to the belonging range are generated.

By specifying the width of the tone range corresponding to one type of waveform according to the specified tone color, the slope of the scaling characteristic function is determined corresponding to this width. The pitch designation information which is a variable input for reading the scaling characteristic function from the scaling parameter generator 20 is expressed by relative pitch information within the pitch range corresponding to one waveform described above. Therefore, a certain circuit included in the waveform designating means 14 is shared for convenience,
The key code KC is processed according to the tone parameter (tone color designation information), the scaling address data SAD corresponding to the relative pitch information is generated, and this is given to the address input (variable input) of the scaling parameter generator 20. .

FIG. 2 is a list of typical patterns of the key scaling characteristics realized in this embodiment. Largely,
It is classified into four patterns according to the width of the range corresponding to one waveform. When one type of waveform is used for key scaling in a certain musical range, scaling is performed with a positive and negative slope scaling characteristic for each semitone range of the musical range. That is, one inclination ends at intervals of half the range width corresponding to one waveform. This interval is represented by interval data 1NT. When the range width corresponding to one waveform is one octave,
Interval data INT is "1/2" indicating 1/2 octave
And the pattern at this time is shown in FIG. When the range width corresponding to one waveform is 2 octaves,
The interval data INT is "1" indicating one octave, and the pattern at this time is shown in FIG. 2 (b). When the range width corresponding to one waveform is 4 octaves, the interval data INT is "2" indicating 2 octaves, and the pattern at this time is shown in FIG. 2 (c). When the range width corresponding to one waveform is 8 octaves, the interval data INT is "4" indicating 4 octaves, and the pattern at this time is shown in FIG. 2 (d).

The horizontal axis of FIG. 2 is the pitch, which is graduated for each octave for convenience, and octave numbers from 0 to 6 are shown. It is assumed that the real key range is 5 octaves from 1 to 5. The vertical axis is the level of the scaling characteristic, that is, the tone signal amplitude level set by the scaling parameters SP1 and SP2. Waveform memory 12,13
The sequences of are distinguished by codes I and II. I corresponds to the first series or waveform memory 12, and II corresponds to the second series or waveform memory 13. The subscripts 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 combined with the hyphens in the symbols I and II are symbols for distinguishing the waveform type used corresponding to each musical range. For example, in the scaling characteristic in the upper part of FIG. 2 (a), the five types of waveforms I-1 to I-5 stored in the waveform memory 12 of the first series are used in each range, and the waveform memory of the second series is used. Four types of waveforms II-1 to II-4 stored in 13 are used in each range.

In FIGS. 2 (a) to 2 (d), two kinds of scaling characteristic patterns are shown in upper and lower two stages, respectively. In this case, the waveforms most emphasized in the lowest pitch range are the first and second series (I, It is distinguished according to which is the waveform signal generated in II). The upper row shows a pattern in which the waveform of the first series I (waveform memory 12) is emphasized in the lowest range, and the lower row shows the pattern in which the waveform of the second series II (waveform memory 13) is emphasized to the contrary. Which waveform should be emphasized in the lowest range is indicated by the start address discrimination signal STAII / I. When this signal STAII / I is "0", the first series (I)
When it is "1", it indicates the second sequence (II).

The two types of control relating to the key scaling having the same characteristics as described above are not due to a request in music but exclusively due to a request in circuit technology. Specifically, this is for the effective use of the waveform memory capacity. As shown in FIG.
Number of waveform types used for one key scaling characteristic is first
And the second series (waveform memories 12 and 13) are often not the same number, and if one is odd, the other is often even.
Therefore, if the waveforms corresponding to one timbre are stored at the same addresses in the memories 12 and 13, the address area for one waveform is stored in the memory 1
Either 2 or 13 will be left over, and leaving it blank will result in a lot of wasted memory. Therefore, in this embodiment, the waveform is packed and stored in the entire area of the memory so that there is no waste. In that case,
Waveform memory with one memory area for multiple waveforms
The start address discrimination signal STAII / I and the start address data STA are used in order to discriminate which address of 12 and 13 starts.

An example of the storage format in the waveform memories 12 and 13 is shown in FIG. 3, in which one or more kinds of waveforms corresponding to the same tone color are stored in consecutive waveform address areas, among which the young waveform address The waveform corresponding to the low frequency range is stored. The youngest waveform address in the waveform address area for the same tone color is called the start address, and the waveform corresponding to the lowest tone range is stored therein. For example, tone color A in FIG. 3 corresponds to the scaling pattern in the upper part of FIG. 2 (d), and waveforms I-1, II-1 are assigned to the same waveform address "1" in the first and second waveform memories 12,13. Are remembered respectively. In this case, the start address data STA is "1" and the start address discrimination signal STAII / I is "0" (1
Is shown). The waveform of the tone color corresponding to the scaling pattern in the lower part of FIG. 2 (d) is stored in the form of tone color B in FIG. That is, the waveform II-1 is stored at the address “N” of the second waveform memory 13,
The waveform I-1 is stored at 12 addresses "N + 1". In this case, the start address data STA is "N" and the discrimination signal STAII / I is "1" (indicating II). The tone color waveform corresponding to the scaling pattern in the upper part of FIG. 2 (b) is stored in a format like tone color C in FIG. In this case, the start address data STA is "2" and the discrimination signal STAII / I is "0" (indicating I). Fig. 2 (b)
The tone color waveform corresponding to the lower scaling pattern is stored in the form of tone color D in FIG. In this case, the start address data STA is "4" and the distinction signal STA
II / I is “1” (indicating II). It will be understood from the figure that the waveform address "4" of the second waveform memory 13 can be effectively used without being left blank. The waveform addresses of the memories 12 and 13 are designated by the waveform designation codes WD1 and WD2.

It is possible to start scaling from an arbitrary octave depending on the timbre. Although FIG. 2 shows an example in which scaling is started from the second octave, the present invention is not limited to this. The octave to start scaling is specified by the start octave data STO. In the range below the start octave, scaling is not performed and the waveform does not change.

For reference, FIG. 2 shows the values of the upper 4 bits of the key code KC for each half octave along the horizontal axis.
The half octave is specified by the 3-bit octave code B3, B2, B1 and the most significant 1 bit N4 of the note code. In the case of the pattern as shown in FIG. 2A, the width of one slope of the scaling characteristic is a half octave, and the positive / negative of the slope is switched every half octave.

In the tone range corresponding to one slope of the scaling characteristic, when the scaling characteristic slope of one series I (or II) is negative, the scaling characteristic slope of the other series II (or I) is positive. When scaling starts from the lowest range, the scaling characteristic slope of the sequence emphasized in the lowest range is negative, and the scaling characteristic slope of the other sequence is positive. By adding and synthesizing the musical tone signals of both series scaled by the opposite scaling characteristics, the key scaling is achieved in which the waveform gradually shifts from the waveform of one series to the waveform of the other series according to the pitch. To be done.

The scaling parameter generator 20 of FIG. 1 stores a scaling characteristic function corresponding to the slope of one stroke for each of the series, and the first series I has a negative slope and the second series.
The scaling parameters SP1 and SP2 are read out by distinguishing between the case where II is a positive slope and the case where it is the opposite. The IITOI signal is provided to the scaling parameter generator 20 for such discrimination. In generator 20,
When the IITOI signal is "0", as shown in FIG. 4 (a), the first series I has a negative slope and the second series II has a positive slope.
When SP2 is read and the IITOI signal is "1", Fig. 4 (b)
As described above, the scaling parameters SP1 and SP2 of both series are read out according to the scaling characteristic function in which the first series I has a positive slope and the second series II has a negative slope. As shown, "0"
To S8, the scaling parameters SP1 and SP2 divided into 9 steps of levels are read out according to eight kinds of scaling address data SAD from "0" to "7". When the scaling address data SAD is "0", the level of one of the parameters SP1 or SP2 is "0" and the other is "8", and the level is increased or decreased by one step each time the address is increased by one step. Therefore, the total level of both parameters SP1 and SP2 is always "8",
Key scaling prevents the overall volume level from changing.

For example, the scaling parameters SP1 and SP2 are generated according to FIG. 4 (a) in the first half of the second octave in the upper pattern of FIG. 2 (a), and the scaling parameter SP1 according to FIG. 4 (b) in the latter half of the second octave. , SP
2 is generated. The scaling parameters SP1 and SP2 are generated in accordance with FIG. 4 (b) in the first half of the second octave in the lower pattern of FIG. 2 (a), and according to FIG. 4 (a) in the latter half of the second octave. In this way, the correspondence between the positive and negative of the scaling characteristic slope and the musical range is switched depending on whether the waveform corresponding to the start address is I or II.

In FIG. 2A, the width of one slope of the scaling characteristic is a half octave, and the lower 3 bits N3, N2, N1 of the note code can be used as they are as the 3-bit scaling address data SAD. Therefore, the relative pitch (corresponding to SAD) for reading out the scaling parameters SP1 and SP2 corresponds to each scale note within a half octave.

In FIG. 2 (b), the width of one slope of the scaling characteristic is one.
It is octave and uses the upper 3 bits N4.N3.N2 of the note code as the 3-bit scaling address data SAD. In this case, scaling parameters SP1, SP2
The relative pitch for reading is corresponding to a scale note within one octave divided into eight. Similarly, FIG. 2 (c),
In (d), 3 bits of the key code KC appropriately bit-shifted according to the pitch range of one slope of the scaling characteristic are used as the scaling address data SAD, and 1
The relative pitch corresponding to the address should correspond to some scale groups.

The interval data INT, the start address data STA, the start address discrimination signal STAII / I, and the start octave data STO described above are included in the tone parameters generated by the tone parameter generator 23.

Returning to FIG. 1, the details of the waveform designating means 14 will be explained. Of the key codes KC given from the keyboard circuit 10, octave codes B3 to B1 are added to the A input of the subtractor 24, and note codes N4 to N1 are given. Join Gate 25. The start octave data STO corresponding to the designated tone color is applied to the B input of the subtractor 24, and "AB" is subtracted. The subtracter 24 converts the octave codes B3 to B1 of the pressed key into octave codes B3 'to B1' based on the start octave. The converted octave code B3 'to B1' which is the subtraction result of the subtracter 24 is input to the gate 25. Also, when the subtraction result is "0" or a positive sign signal
“1” is output as S _o , and when it is negative, “0” is output as the sine signal S _o . This sine signal S _o is applied to the control input of the gate 25 via the AND circuit 26, enabling the gate 25 when S _o is "1". A signal obtained by inverting the attack signal ATCK by the inverter 27 is added to the other input of the AND circuit 26. This attack signal ATCK becomes "1" when a tone that does not undergo key scaling is designated. When a tone that does key scaling is designated, the AND circuit 26 is enabled by "0" of the signal ATCK. The gate 25 is controlled according to the sine signal S _o .

The output of the gate 25 is input to the bit shift circuit 28. The bit shift circuit 28 controls the bit shift amount according to the interval data INT described above. The input 7-bit key codes B3 'to B1' and N4 to N1 are shown in the following table according to the value of the interval data INT. Shift to lower bits. A7 to A1 indicate output bits of the bit shift circuit 28.

This bit shift circuit 28 has a function of setting a tone range width corresponding to one waveform according to a designated tone color, and a scaling address data SAD of 1 as will become clear later.
The function to set the number of scales per step according to the designated tone color.

The adder 29 is composed of a 6-bit full adder, and one of the lower 3 bits of the input is the upper 3 of the bit shift circuit 28.
The bit outputs A7 to A5 are given, the start address STA consisting of 6 bits is given to the other input, and the carry output C _o of the adder 30 is added to the carry input C _i of the least significant bit. The 6-bit output of the adder 29 is input to the adder 31 and is also applied to the waveform selection address input of the waveform memory 13 as the second-series waveform designating code WD2.

The output A4 of the 4th bit of the bit shift circuit 28 is input to the adder 30, and the start address discrimination signal STAII-I described above is input.
Is added. The output of the adder 30 is input to the least significant bit of the adder 31, and is also input to the scaling parameter generator 20 as the above-mentioned IITOI signal. Adder 31
6-bit output is applied to the waveform selection address input of the waveform memory 12 as the first series of waveform designation code WD1. Outputs A3 to A1 of the lower 3 bits of the bit shift circuit 28 are given to the scaling parameter generator 20 as the above-mentioned scaling address data SAD.

The circuit operation of FIG. 1 will be described below by taking the upper pattern of FIG. 2 (a) as an example.

When the pressed key belongs to the first octave, the octave codes B3 to B1 are "001" (decimal display "1"), while the start octave data STO is "2" indicating the second octave. Therefore, the subtraction result of the subtractor 24 is negative, and the sine signal S _o is “0”. This makes the gate
25 is closed, the input data of the bit shift circuit 28 is all "0", and the output bits A7 to A1 thereof are all "0" regardless of the value of the interval data INT. Adder 29
Since one input A7 to A5 is all “0”, the start address data STA given to the other input is output from the adder 29 as it is. In the upper pattern of FIG. 2 (a), the start address discrimination signal STAI I / I is always "0".
Therefore, the output of the adder 30 is also “0”, and the adder 31 outputs the output of the adder 29 as it is. Therefore, the first and second series of waveform designation codes WD1 and WD2 both designate the start address (for example, the waveform address "7" in FIG. 3) and select the waveforms I-1 and II-1. The IITOI signal is also "0" due to the output "0" of the adder 30, and the scaling pattern of FIG. 4 (a) is selected. However, since the output bits A3 to A1 of the bit shift circuit 28 are always "0" in this first octave, the scaling address data SAD
The same applies to the first series scaling parameter SP1.
Is read at the highest level, and SP2 of the second series is read at the zero level. As a result, only the musical tone signal corresponding to the first series of waveform I-1 reaches the sound system 21 via the adder 19, and the musical tone signal corresponding to the second series of waveform II-1 is multiplied by the multiplier 16. Is blocked by. In this way, no key scaling is performed in the lower range than the arbitrary start octave (the second octave in the above) that is determined corresponding to the specified tone color, and the tone signal of the same waveform I-1 is produced at any pitch in the lower range. Is generated.

When the pressed key belongs to the start octave (the second octave in the above example), the subtraction result of the subtractor 24 is zero, and the sine signal _So becomes "1". This makes gate 25
Is opened and no chords N4 to N1 indicating the note name of the pressed key and relative octave chords B3 'to B1' (relative octave chords indicating the relative octave of the pressed key to the start octave (in this example, "00
0 ") is given to the bit shift circuit 28. FIG.
In the above example, the interval data INT is "1/2", and the input bits B3 'to N1 are not bit-shifted but output bits A7 to A1 as they are, as shown in Table 1 above. Therefore, A7 ~ A5
Are all "0" like B3 'to B1', and the adder 29 outputs the start address data STA (for example, the waveform address "7" in FIG. 3).

Here, if the pressed key belongs to the first half of the second octave, the high-order bit N4 of the note code is "0", and the adder
The output of 30 is “0”. Therefore, the first and second series of waveform designation codes WD1 and WD2 both designate the start address and select the waveforms I-1 and II-1. The IITOI signal is "0", and specifies the scaling pattern of FIG. 4 (a). The lower 3 bits N3 to N1 of the note code become the scaling address data SAD, and the first half octave of 6
A unique scaling address is designated for each scale tone, and scaling parameters SP1 and SP2 of different levels are read out according to the characteristics of FIG. 4 (a) corresponding to each scale tone. The tone signals corresponding to the waveforms I-1 and II-1 read from the waveform memories 12 and 13 are parameter SP1,
According to SP2, the multipliers 15 and 16 are respectively weighted, and the adder 19
Is added in. In this way, the key scaling of the first half of the second octave in the upper pattern of FIG. 2 (a) is executed.

When the pressed key belongs to the latter half of the second octave, the upper bit N4 of the note code is "1" and the output of the adder 30 is "1". Therefore, the adder 31 adds 1 and the first waveform designation code WD1 designates the address "8" next to the start address "7", but the second waveform designation code WD2.
Is the start address "7", and waveforms I-2 and II-1 are selected in the waveform memories 12 and 13, respectively. Also, the IITOI signal becomes "1", and the pattern of FIG. 4 (b) is selected.
The parameters SP1 and SP2 are read out in accordance with the characteristics shown in the figure corresponding to each of the 6-note scales in the latter half octave. In this way, the key scaling in the latter half of the second octave in the upper pattern of FIG. 2 (a) is executed.

If the octave to which the pressed key belongs is equal to or greater than the third octave, the values of the outputs B3 'to B1' of the subtractor 24 have corresponding values, and the bits A7 to A5 correspond to this, and the start address data STA indicates The address data to which the address has advanced is output from the adder 29, whereby the waveform used for key scaling changes to I-2 and II-2, II-2 and I-3. Otherwise, the operation is similar to that described above, and the key scaling shown in the upper part of FIG. 2A is executed.

The case where the tone color of the lower pattern of FIG. 2 (a) is designated is as follows.

In this case, the start address discrimination signal STAI I / I is always "1", and the adder 30 outputs "1" to the S output when the output bit A4 of the bit shift circuit 28 is "0", and the bit A4 is "1" outputs "1" to Carry output C _o when (S output at this time is "0"). Other than that, the operation is similar to that described above.

That is, when the pressed key is in the first octave (lower range than the start octave), the start address data STA (for example, the waveform address “11” in FIG. 3) is output from the adder 29, and this is the waveform of the second series. It becomes the designated code WD2. On the other hand, since the bit A4 is "0", the output "1" of the adder 30 is added to the adder 31, and the start address data
The value obtained by adding 1 to STA (for example, the waveform address “1 in FIG. 3
2 ”) is the waveform designation code WD1 of the first series. Thus, even if the waveform address is deviated by one, the first waveforms I-1 and II-1 (corresponding to the lowest tone range) related to the timbre are selected in the waveform memories 12 and 13, respectively. On the other hand, the IITOI signal becomes "1" due to the output "1" of the adder 30, and FIG. 4 (b)
The scaling pattern of is specified. When the pitch range of the pressed key is lower than the start octave, the scaling address data SAD is always "0" as described above, the parameter SP1 indicates the zero level, and the parameter SP2 indicates the maximum level. Thus, without key scaling, the waveform
Only the tone signal corresponding to II-1 reaches the sound system 21.

When the pressed key belongs to the start octave (the first half of the second octave), the output bits A7 to A5 and A4 of the bit shift circuit 28 are all "0". Therefore, the waveform designating codes WD1 and WD2 are used to generate the waveform I- Select 1, II-1, IIT
The scaling pattern of FIG. 4B is designated by "1" of the OI signal. The lower 3 bits N3 to N1 of the note code become the scaling address data SAD, the unique scaling address is designated corresponding to each of the first half octave 6 scale notes, and the scaling parameter SP1 of a different level corresponding to each scale note. , SP2 are read out according to the characteristics shown in FIG. In this way, the second part in the lower part of FIG.
Key scaling is performed to shift from waveform II-1 to I-1 as shown in the first half of the octave.

When the pressed key belongs to the latter half of the start octave (second octave), the output bits A7 to
A5 is all "0", but bit A4 is "1". Thus Carry output C _o of the adder 30 is "1", S output is "0"
Then, "1" is added to the carry input C _i of the adder 29, and the output of the adder 29 shows a value that is incremented by 1 from the start address data STA (for example, the waveform address "12" in FIG. 3). The adder 31 does not add 1 and the waveform designation code
WD1 and WD2 specify the same address "12", and waveforms I-1 and II
Select -2. Fig. 4 (a) depending on "0" of IITOI signal
The scaling pattern of is selected and waveforms I-1 to II are selected.
Key scaling for shifting to -2 is performed.

If the octave to which the pressed key belongs is higher than the start address, the outputs B3 'to B1' of the subtractor 24 have corresponding values, and the bits A7 to A5 correspond to this, and the number of addresses from the start address data STA. The advanced address data is output by the adder 29, whereby the waveforms used for key scaling are changed to II-2 and I-2, I-2 and II-3. Otherwise, the operation is similar to that described above, and the key scaling shown in the lower part of FIG. 2A is executed.

When the tone colors of the patterns shown in FIGS. 2 (b), (c), and (d) are designated, the following is performed.

In this case, the key codes B3 'to B1' and N4 to N1 are shifted downward as shown in Table 1 according to the value of the interval data INT, except that the operation is exactly the same as the above. . Pitch data for specifying waveform as a result of shift
The relationship between A7 to A5 and pitch data A3 to A1 for scaling address specification and the actual pitch data (key codes B3 to N1) changes, and the range width corresponding to one waveform expands according to the shift amount. Moreover, the range width of one scaling address expands according to the shift amount. That is, interval data
When INT is "1", bits A6, A5, and A4 correspond to octave codes B3 ', B2', and B1 ', and the slope of the scaling characteristic switches for each octave, and bits A3 to A1 are note codes. Corresponding to the upper 3 bits N4 to N2 of the scaling parameter SP1,
The SP2 step changes. Also, the interval data I
When NT is "2", bits A5 and A4 correspond to the upper two bits B3 'and B2' of the octave code, and the slope of the scaling characteristic is switched every two octaves, and bits A3 to A1 are bits B1 '. , N4, N3, the steps of the scaling parameters SP1, SP2 are switched for each tone range obtained by dividing the two-octave scale into eight. When the interval data INT is "4", the bit A4 corresponds to the bit B3 ', so the slope of the scaling characteristic switches every 4 octaves, and the steps of the parameters SP1 and SP2 are turned off for each range divided into 8 octave scales. Replace

The envelope generator 32 generates an attack envelope waveform as shown in FIG. 5 (a) in response to the key-on pulse KONP (see FIG. 5 (d)) given from the keyboard circuit 10. The other envelope generator 33 generates a continuous envelope waveform as shown in FIG. 5 (b) in response to a key-on signal KON (see FIG. 5 (c)) given from the keyboard circuit 10. is there.

An attack signal ATCK is included in the tone parameters generated from the tone parameter generator 23, and this signal ATCK becomes "1" when a predetermined timbre is designated. The attack signal ATCK is applied to the scaling parameter generator 20 and the selector 34. The scaling parameter generator 20 can generate a scaling characteristic function as shown in FIGS. 4 (a) and 4 (b) when the attack signal ATCK is "0", but when it is "1", the scaling parameter SP1,
Both SP2 are fixed to the highest level "8". Selector 34
Is the envelope generator when the attack signal ATCK is "0".
The continuous envelope waveform signal 33 is selected, and when it is "1", the attack envelope waveform signal of the envelope generator 32 is selected, and the selected envelope signal is input to the multiplier 17 of the first series. The continuous system envelope waveform signal of the envelope generator 33 is always added to the second series multiplier 18. When the tone to be key-scaled is specified, the attack signal ATCK is “0”, and the parameters SP1 and SP2 according to the scaling characteristics are generated from the generator 20,
Moreover, the same continuous system envelope waveform signal is given to the multipliers 17 and 18 of both series, and the continuous system envelope is given to the key-scaled musical tone signal.

On the other hand, when the timbre to which the attack effect should be applied is selected, the attack signal ATCK becomes “1”, and the envelope generator 32
The attack envelope waveform signal of is selected by the selector 34 and added to the multiplier 17. Further, the gate 25 is closed via the AND circuit 26 by the output signal "0" of the inverter 27 which is the inverted signal "1" of the signal ATCK, and the waveform designation codes WD1 and WD2 are fixed to those corresponding to the start address data STA. It The attack envelope is given to one (first series 1) of the tone signals corresponding to the two types of waveforms selected in this way, and the continuous envelope is given to the other (second series II), and both are added by the adder 19 Sound system 21 is synthesized by. As described above, as an incidental effect having two series of tone generating means, an attack effect can be added to a tone color for which key scaling is not performed.

FIG. 6 shows a tone synthesis calculator (tone synthesis sequence) OP-A, OP having the same configuration as the circuit portion OP surrounded by the one-dot chain line in FIG.
An example of an electronic musical instrument having a plurality of -B, OP-C ... arranged in parallel is shown. The output tone signals of each series OP-A to OP-C reach the sound system 21 after being added by the adder 35. Each series OP-A
.. to OP-C are given common pitch designation information and timbre selection information from the keyboard circuit 10 and timbre selection switch 22, but the pitches of generated sounds or key scaling characteristics are different from each other. For example, the phase address generator
11 phase displacement rate or tone parameter generator 23
Tone parameter setting contents or scaling parameter generator 20 contents or envelope generators 32, 3
3 contents or the contents stored in the waveform memories 12 and 13 for each series
Different from each other between OP-A to OP-C. Further, with respect to the same tone color, key scaling is performed in a certain series OP-A, but attack effect may be applied without performing key scaling in another series OP-B.

In the above embodiment, the waveform selected based on the designation of the waveform designation codes WD1 and WD2 is assumed to be a one-period waveform, but it may be a plurality of period waveforms. Further, the musical tone generating means is not limited to the waveform memories 12 and 13 and may have any configuration, and the essential point is that it can selectively generate a plurality of types of waveform signals. Here, the one type of waveform signal is not limited to one in which the same waveform is repeated, and may be a waveform signal whose waveform shape changes with time. Further, the waveform signal and the scaling parameter may be generated in a time division manner between the first series I and the second series II, and the scaling operation may be performed in a time division manner.

The scaling characteristic function is not limited to the linear function, and may be an exponential function, a logarithmic function, or any other function.

EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to realize key scaling of a tone color by designating different waveform signals according to tone pitches, and at that time, the tone range is divided by a unique number of divisions for each tone color. Since the waveform signal corresponding to each tone range is divided according to the specified tone color, the optimal tone key scaling according to the tone color is set to the appropriate scale without unnecessarily increasing the memory capacity. Using the waveform storage means,
It has an excellent effect that it can be realized with a saved structure. That is, in the present invention, the tone range width used for tone generation differs for each tone waveform corresponding to each tone color. Musical tone waveforms include waveforms that can be used over a wide range, and conversely, waveforms that are better used by switching for each narrow range. In the present invention, a plurality of tone waveforms for each tone color are suitable. It can be used in a range of widths. For each timbre, if the method of dividing the range covered by each waveform is common,
In order to obtain a high-quality musical tone, it is necessary to divide the range of each waveform for all tones, and the number of waveforms increases accordingly, which requires a large-capacity waveform memory. Since the tone range division suitable for the waveform of the tone color is performed for each tone color, it is only necessary to prepare a required number of waveforms unique to each tone color, and the storage capacity of the waveform can be reduced.

According to the second aspect of the invention, when the range is divided with a different number of unique divisions for each timbre that can be designated, at least one division range width for each timbre is different from other division range widths. Since the plurality of waveform signals are divided and assigned to the respective tone ranges divided for each tone color, the tone range often used for performance (for example, middle tone range)
By arranging the range division mode unevenly and arbitrarily, for example, by finely dividing, it is possible to improve the quality of the musical sound without increasing the overall waveform memory capacity as much as possible.
Has the effect.

Further, according to the third aspect of the invention, since the tone signal is generated by weighting synthesis of the read waveform signals of a plurality of series, there is an excellent effect that finer tone color key scaling can be performed by weighted interpolation. .

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an electrical block diagram showing an embodiment of an electronic musical instrument according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a characteristic diagram showing a typical example of key scaling characteristics in the embodiment, and FIG. FIG. 4 shows a waveform storage example of the waveform memory of FIG. 4, FIG. 4 is a graph showing a generation pattern of a scaling characteristic function in the same embodiment, and FIG. 5 is a generation example of an attack envelope waveform and a continuous envelope waveform in the same embodiment. Timing chart, FIG. 6 is an electrical block diagram showing another embodiment of the electronic musical instrument according to the present invention. 10 ... Keyboard circuit, 11 ... Phase address generator, 12, 13 ... Waveform memory, 14 ... Waveform designating means, 15, 16, 17, 18 ... Multiplier, 19,
35 ... Adder, 20 ... Scaling parameter generator, 22 ...
Tone selection switch, 23 ... Tone parameter generator, 24 ...
Subtractor, WD1, WD2 ... Waveform designation code, SP1, SP2 ... Scaling parameter, B3-B1 ... Octave code, N4-N1 ...
Note code, INT… interval data, STO… start octave data.

Claims (8)

[Claims] 1. A waveform storage means for storing a plurality of waveform signals each representing a different tone waveform, a pitch designating means for designating a pitch of a musical tone to be generated, and a tone color designating means for designating a tone color of the musical tone. The entire tone range that can be designated by the pitch designating unit is divided by a unique division number that is different for each tone color that can be designated by the tone color designating unit, and among the respective tone ranges that are divided for the tone color that is designated by the tone color designating unit. Waveform specifying means for generating waveform specifying information for specifying a predetermined waveform signal among the plurality of waveform signals corresponding to the pitch range to which the pitch specified by the pitch specifying means belongs; An electronic device having a musical tone generating means for reading out a waveform signal designated by the waveform designating information at a speed corresponding to the pitch designated by the pitch designating means and for generating a musical tone signal based on the read waveform signal. Musical instrument 2. A waveform storage means for storing a plurality of waveform signals respectively representing different musical tone waveforms, a pitch designating means for designating a pitch of a musical tone to be generated, and a tone color designating means for designating a tone color of the musical tone. The entire range that can be designated by the pitch designating unit has a unique division number that differs for each tone color that can be designated by the tone color designating unit, and at least one division range width for each tone color is equal to another division range width. Are divided in different states, and each of the plurality of waveform signals is assigned to each tone range divided for each tone color. The tone color designated by the tone color designating means and the tone pitch designating means are designated. Waveform designating means for designating the waveform signal assigned to the pitch range to which the pitch belongs, and the pitch designating means for designating the waveform signal designated by the waveform designating means from the waveform storage means. An electronic musical instrument having a tone generation means for reading out at a speed corresponding to the pitch specified in, and for generating a tone signal based on the read waveform signal. 3. The waveform designating means outputs a range dividing control signal corresponding to a tone color designated by the tone color designating means, and a pitch designated by the range dividing control signal and the pitch designating means. Based on a tone pitch signal indicating that the tone color and tone pitch, and a waveform address information indicating the storage position in the waveform storage means of the waveform signal assigned to the tone range belongs to, the tone generating means, A waveform signal designated by the waveform address information is sequentially read from the waveform storage means in accordance with phase address information that sequentially changes at a rate corresponding to a pitch designated by the pitch designating means. The electronic musical instrument according to claim 2. 4. The electronic musical instrument according to claim 2, wherein the at least one division range is a bass range. 5. A plurality of series of waveform storage means for storing a plurality of waveform signals each representing a plurality of different musical tone waveforms, a pitch designating means for designating a pitch of a musical tone to be generated, and a tone color of the musical tone. The tone color designating means and a waveform signal group consisting of a plurality of different waveform signals in the waveform storing means of each series according to the designated tone color. Each of the predetermined waveform signals is specified according to the pitch specified by the high specifying means, and the number of the waveform signals in the waveform signal group is a unique number for each tone color,
A waveform designating unit in which the number of waveform signals corresponding to at least one tone color is different from the number of waveform signal units corresponding to other tone colors; and each of the waveform designating units designated by the waveform designating unit from the waveform storage unit of each series. The waveform signal is read according to the pitch designated by the pitch designating means, and the read waveform signal is weighted according to the pitch and synthesized to generate a musical tone signal. Electronic musical instrument. 6. The electronic musical instrument according to claim 5, wherein said waveform designating means designates said waveform signal according to said designated tone color and said designated pitch range. 7. The electronic musical instrument according to claim 5, wherein the weighting is performed at a ratio determined by a predetermined scaling characteristic function having a pitch as a variable. 8. The electronic musical instrument according to claim 7, wherein the scaling characteristic function is determined according to the designated tone color.