JPH0755874B2 - Organic fertilizer and method for producing the fertilizer - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an organic fertilizer and a method for producing the same.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art The following means are known as means for producing organic fertilizer. The first is a means for naturally drying the raw materials. This production method is widely used for producing compost, which is said to be the best fertilizer. This production means, compost is produced by stacking raw materials such as livestock manure, straw mixed with it, bark, and sawdust, so that the raw materials are completely fermented naturally to produce odorless organic fertilizer. It takes a long manufacturing period of about 5 years to do so.

Secondly, it is a means for artificially heat-treating raw materials. This production means is widely used in the production of commercial products called organic fertilizers. This production means is a raw material in which livestock dung is mixed with soybean meal, oil dregs, bone meal, fish meal, raw material in which livestock dung is mixed with an inorganic material, livestock dung is mixed with chemical synthetic fertilizer, livestock dung in nitrogen, phosphoric acid, The raw material is artificially blended with potassium to reinforce the ingredients, or the livestock dung alone is used as the raw material for indoor boiler drying, so it is possible to shorten the manufacturing time, but the raw material is the central part. Fertilizer with an offensive odor is produced by not completely fermenting.

Third, means for artificially forcibly removing the water content of the raw materials. This manufacturing means is to forcibly press the raw material of the same quality as the raw material for compost by a pressing method, a rolling method, etc. to forcibly remove the water content, and the drying step following this water removal step can be done in as short a time as possible. It is a means to finish efficiently and is known as a pretreatment means for the above-mentioned compost production. In this production means, the water content of the raw materials is removed, so even if the production period of deodorized organic fertilizer is slightly shortened as compared with the first compost production means,
The period is not significantly shortened.

Further, the fertilizer produced by subjecting the raw material consisting of the above-mentioned individual livestock manure to artificial heat treatment has the above-mentioned offensive odor, and since the raw material is a single product, nitrogen and phosphorus contained in each product. The content ratio of each of the three major elements of acid and potassium varies remarkably, and it cannot be said that the fertilizer has a favorable quality (for example, compost (raw pig manure).
The analysis results in the case of are shown in Table 1, and note the contents of total nitrogen, total phosphoric acid, and total potassium in this table. )

[0006]

[Table 1] Analysis results of manure (raw pig manure) Content Content Moisture (H ₂ O) 18.28% Total nitrogen (N) 1.80% Total phosphoric acid (P ₂ O ₅ ) 3.56 % Total Kali (K ₂ O) 0.70% Total Lime (CaO) 2.49% Total Magnesium (MgO) 0.91% Carbon Ratio 6.8 Organic Matter (Ignition Loss Method) 26.27% Organic Carbon ( C) 12.28% pH (actual 5g / 500ml, 12 ° C) 8.6

The present invention has been made by paying attention to such a problem, and a beneficial organic fertilizer which is deodorized and has a small variation in the content ratio of each of the three major elements of nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potassium is provided. The purpose is to provide it efficiently.

[0008]

[Means for Solving the Problems] Means for achieving the above-mentioned object is to use three kinds of mixed raw materials of cow dung, pig dung, and chicken dung, rice bran, sugar, and finely divided mycorrhizal fungi. The fermentation inoculum produced with the kimono three-kind fermentation promoting material was produced by adding the same three-kind mixture as the three-kind mixed raw material, and three-kind mixed raw material in which cow dung, pig dung, and chicken dung were mixed. , Rice bran, sugar, and three types of mixed fermentation promoting materials mixed with finely divided mycorrhizal fungus deposits are stacked alternately to form a multilayer laminate consisting of three types of mixed raw material layers and three types of mixed fermentation promoting material layers. Then, the multi-layer laminate is covered with a covering member having a hygroscopic property and a heat-retaining property, and the fermentation process is carried out by fermentation for 10 to 20 days to produce a fermentation inoculum. In the aerated fermentation chamber, the same amount of 3 as the fermented inoculum and the 3 mixed raw materials Mixture and mixed was dosed,
A second fermentation process in which the fermentation is performed in the tank for 24 hours while aeration is performed, and a third fermentation step in which the fermentation product in the tank is taken out and stirred, and a door and an opening / closing bottom plate are provided on the tank wall having air permeability. It is said that the tank body is attached to the tank body, and an appropriate number of aeration fermentation chambers with a width within 30 to 40 cm and aeration passages are alternately defined and arranged in the tank body.

[0009]

[Function] By mixing the mycorrhizal fungus deposits with rice bran and sugar, the fermentation of the mycorrhizal fungus is promoted by the rice bran, and at the same time, the three-type mixed fermentation promoting material in which the mycorrhizal fungus culture is promoted by the sugar is produced. . This fermentation accelerating material was alternately stacked with a three-kind mixed material consisting of cow dung, pig dung, and chicken dung to form a multi-layer laminate, and the mixture was allowed to elapse for an appropriate period of time. As a result of carbonic acid assimilation and chemical synthesis, a fermented inoculum having a strong fermenting action is obtained by naturally fermenting the three kinds of mixed materials. The multi-layer laminate is covered with a covering member having hygroscopicity and heat retention, thereby absorbing moisture that evaporates during fermentation and retaining heat necessary for fermentation, and at the same time, drying the surface layer of the laminate itself. Is prevented and the killing of mycorrhizal fungi is prevented. Then, the above-mentioned fermentation inoculum and 3 kinds of mixture of the same quality as the 3 kinds of mixed material are mixed and put into the aerated fermentation chamber in the tank, and the fermentation is carried out in the tank for 24 hours while aeration, so that the fermentation inoculum is 3
It exerts a strong fermentation action (carbonic acid assimilation and chemical synthesis) on the seed mixture, and completely ferments the three mixture.

[00010]

EXAMPLES The first fermentation process will be described (see FIG. 1). Raw materials and mixing amounts for the three kinds of mixed raw materials used in this fermentation process are as follows. (However, when the amount of 3 kinds of mixture used for one fermentor is 4300 Kg) Cow dung 5 Kg Pig dung 3 Kg Chicken dung 2 Kg

Further, the raw materials and the mixing amount for the three-type mixed fermentation promoting material are as follows. (However, when the amount of 3 kinds of mixture used for one fermenter is 4300 Kg) Rice bran 5 Kg Sugar 5 Kg Mycorrhizal fungal deposit 0.5 Kg

Since the mycorrhizal fungus does not exist independently in the soil but adheres to the roots of plants and exists in the soil,
A small amount of red pine root was used, but if it is a mycorrhizal fungal adherent, it may be an adherent other than red pine root such as pine root and weed root.

The three kinds of mixed raw materials and the three kinds of mixed fermentation promoting materials are mixed separately. The reason why the respective raw materials are mixed separately is that the knowledge that the collected mycorrhizal fungi must be cultured is obtained as a result of the experiment. That is, if the mycorrhizal fungus deposits were mixed from the beginning into the three-species mixed raw material, the mycorrhizal fungi would die before the three-species mixed raw materials were fermented due to the weak activity of the mycorrhizal fungus at the beginning of collection. Because it will be.

Then, when an experiment for promoting the culture and fermentation of mycorrhizal fungi was repeated, sugar was found to be a material for promoting culture.
Since rice bran was suitable as the fermentation promoting material, it was decided to mix the three kinds of mixed raw materials and the three kinds of fermentation promoting material, respectively, as described above. As a result, the cultivation of mycorrhizal fungi was promoted by sugar, and at the same time the fermentation of the fungi was promoted by rice bran, thereby succeeding in producing a three-type mixed fermentation promoting material exhibiting excellent fermenting power.

Based on these findings and results, the three-type mixed raw materials and the three-type mixed fermentation promoting materials, which are respectively mixed separately, are stacked alternately in multiple stages, and the three-type mixed raw material layer 1 and the three-type mixed fermentation promoting material layer are stacked. A multi-layered laminate A composed of 2 is formed so that the mycorrhizal fungus can perform fermentation by carbonic acid assimilation and chemical synthesis with the raw material layer 1.

Since the three-type mixed raw material layer 1 and the three-type mixed fermentation accelerating material layer 2 forming the multilayer laminate A are both raw, water evaporation, heat retention, aeration, in the fermentation process of mycorrhizal fungi, Care must be taken to prevent the surface layer from drying. Therefore, the surface of the multilayer laminate A is covered with a covering member 3 having a hygroscopic property and a heat retaining property, and the ventilation means 4 is provided at an appropriate place of the covering member.
Make up.

The covering member 3 absorbs the water vaporized from the multi-layer laminate A during the fermentation process of mycorrhizal fungi, secures the heat required for fermentation, and prevents the surface layer of the multi-layer laminate A from drying.
A blanket, a carpet, or rather other woven or knitted fabric having hygroscopicity and heat retention is coated on the multilayer laminate A.

By the way, when the multi-layer laminate A was covered with a non-hygroscopic covering member (for example, synthetic resin sheet, oil paper, rubberized waterproof cloth, etc.) and a fermentation experiment of mycorrhizal fungi was conducted, the back surface of the covering member was Since the multi-layer laminate A absorbs the evaporated water that has adhered and the heat retaining property of the covering member was unsatisfactory, it takes too long to ferment and the covering member is unsuitable for efficient fermentation. There was found.

Further, a fermentation experiment of mycorrhizal fungi was carried out without covering the multilayer laminate A with any covering member.
The surface layer of was dried and was hardly fermented. The cause is not clear, but it is considered that the mycorrhizal fungi were killed by the surface drying of the multilayer laminate A, or the activity of the mycorrhizal fungi was extremely weakened.

Since the ventilating means 4 is a condition necessary for the activity of mycorrhizal fungi, the ventilating means 4 is constructed by providing vent holes at the portions corresponding to the top and skirt of the multilayer laminate A in the covering member 3, and venting the lower part. The air taken in through the mouth is configured so as to pass through the inside of the multilayer laminate A and be discharged from the upper vent, and along with the exhaust, the water evaporated due to fermentation is discharged.

The number of stacking stages and the stacking shape of the multilayer laminate A in the above-mentioned first fermentation process are determined according to the conditions (hardness, material, etc.) of the three-kind mixed material and the three-kind mixed fermentation promoting material. However, it is not limited to the illustrated example.

When the fermentation temperature of the multi-layer laminate A during mycorrhizal fermentation was measured, it was about 40 to 50 ° C. From this, it was revealed that the mycorrhizal fungi were killed and the fermentation was stopped when the temperature of the multilayer laminate A was 40 ° C. or lower.

When the above-mentioned multilayer laminate A is allowed to stand for a considerable period of time, three types of mycorrhizal fungi are fermented while being cultured by the mixed fermentation promoting material layer 2 during this period, whereby three types of mycorrhizal fungi are produced. Fermentation is continued while carrying out carbonic acid assimilation and chemical synthesis with the mixed raw material layer 1, and the three types of mixed raw material layer 1 are strongly naturally fermented to produce a fermented inoculum having an excellent fermentation action. Regarding the stationary period of the multilayer laminate A, an experiment was carried out for a period of 10 to 20 days. As a result, the 3 type mixed raw material layer 1 was naturally fermented for about 14 days, and the preferable fermentation inoculum a (about 20 k
g) was obtained.

The fermented inoculum B (about 20 k
In g), the three-type mixed raw material layer 1 and the three-type mixed fermentation accelerating material layer 2 are stirred and mixed and transferred to the second fermentation step.

Next, the second fermentation process will be described (see FIGS. 2 to 4). In this fermentation process, the fermented inoculum is completely fermented in 24 hours to make it odorless and produce fertilizer efficiently, as well as the three major elements of fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphoric acid, potassium).
This is a step required for making the content rate of the fertilizer almost uniform and increasing the pH of the fertilizer to make it alkaline.

First, the structure of the fermenter B will be described. Fermenter B
Is to open a proper number of ventilation holes 6 in the tank wall 5 to ensure ventilation inside and outside the tank, and to attach a door 7 to the tank wall 5 by means of a hinge (not shown) so that the door can be opened and closed. The ventilation hole 8 is opened to ensure ventilation inside and outside the tank. The fermentation tank B is configured such that an opening / closing bottom plate 9 is attached to the lower end of the tank wall 5 with a hinge 10, and the opening / closing side portion of the bottom plate is supported by a detachable fulcrum 11 to keep the tank bottom closed. A metal plate (not shown) (such as a stainless steel plate and an anticorrosive galvanized plate) is attached to the upper surface (side surface inside the tank) of the opening / closing bottom plate 9 so that the later-described inputs a and b in the aeration fermentation chamber 12 can be easily taken out. When taking out the input, the supporting leg 11 is removed and the opening / closing bottom plate 9 is opened (see FIG. 3). Inside the fermentation tank B, a wire net 13 (corrosion resistant net) is adhered to the inner surface of the tank wall 5, the inner surface of the door 7 and the like, and when the fermentation inoculum B and the mixture of 3 kinds are put in the tank wall 5 and the door. Even if adherence to 7 occurs, ventilation is ensured. Inside the fermentation tank B, an appropriate number of ventilation fermentation chambers 12 defined by the lattice wall 14 are arranged from the side of the door 7 toward the back, and the ventilation channels 15 are alternately arranged from one side to the other side. Fermentation inoculum B and the mixture of 3 types are put into the fermentation chamber. In the aerated fermentation chamber 12, a wire net 16 (of the same quality as the above) is stretched on the inner surface of the lattice wall 14 so that the inside and the outside can be freely ventilated, and the inputs a and b in the fermentation chamber are vented by the wire net 16 by the wire net 15
It is configured so that leakage into the inside is prevented and the ventilation path is not blocked. The ventilation fermentation chamber 12 has a width within 30 cm to 40 cm, although the depth from the door 7 side is arbitrary. The reason for specifying this within-width method is that the fermentation activity area of the fermentation inoculum B is, when the fermentation time is 24 hours, about 20 cm from one side (left side or right side in FIG. 2) of the aeration fermentation chamber 12 and 2 from the other side.
Because it is about 0 cm.

The following experiment was attempted with regard to the widthwise method of the aeration fermentation chamber 12. First, the width range method was set to 50 cm, the fermentation inoculum B and the three mixture B were put into the aerated fermentation chamber 12, and the state of natural fermentation and the presence or absence of odor at the time of 24 hours were examined. The center part of the inoculum B and the mixture of 3 kinds B did not ferment over a width of about 10 cm, and gave off a strange odor. Then, next, when the width-inside method of the aeration fermentation chamber 12 was set narrowly to 30 cm, and the same experiment was tried as in the case of the width-inside method of 50 cm, the fermentation inoculum B and the three-type mixture put in the aeration fermentation chamber 12 were tried. Fermented evenly throughout the whole, almost off the odor. Although it can be said that this experiment succeeded, it had a problem that the volume of fermented fermenter 12 was small and the amount of fertilizer produced per time was small. Therefore, the width-inside method of the aeration fermentation chamber 12 is expanded to 40 cm, and the width-inside method is set to 5 cm.
When the same experiment as in the case of 0 cm was performed, the inputs a and b in the aerated fermentation chamber 12 were fermented evenly as a whole, and the offensive odor almost disappeared. Although this experiment has a smaller capacity of the aerated fermentation chamber 12 than the first experiment (in the case of the width width method of 50 cm), it has a larger capacity than the second experiment, so in terms of fertilizer production, It can be said that the width within method is a dimension suitable for the configuration of the aerated fermentation chamber 12.

From the results of the experiment for setting the width-in-aeration fermentation chamber width method, the fermentation activity area of the fermentation inoculum B put into the aeration fermentation chamber 12 together with the three kinds of mixture B was found to be the aeration fermentation chamber of these inputs A and B. Fermentation time 24 regardless of the input amount to 12
2 hours from opposite sides of the fermentation chamber towards the center
Since it was found that the distance was 0 cm, the width of 40 cm in the width width method is suitable for the structure of the aerated fermentation chamber 12 for fertilizer production.

The reason why the fermentation tank B has a structure excellent in aeration performance as described above is that the air is actively distributed between the fermentation inoculum B and the three-mixture B put in the aeration fermentation chamber 12.
This is to make the inputs a and b evenly contact the inside of the air to increase the pH and make it alkaline.

In the second fermentation step, the reason for using the three-kind mixture b having the same quality as the three-kind mixed raw material is to make the contents of the three major elements of the fertilizer uniform and to increase the PH. Is.

The use of the three-kind mixture (b) means that when a fertilizer, a chemical fertilizer mixed with a conventional fertilizer, oil meal, soybean meal, fish meal, and other raw materials not used in the present invention are mixed with
When fertilizer is produced in 24 hours, it is possible that it does not completely ferment naturally and emits an offensive odor, and in order to completely remove the offensive odor, a further considerable fermentation period is required. Since the question remains in terms of equalizing the content rates of the three major elements of fertilizer, we stopped mixing raw materials that are not used in the present invention with the fermenting inoculum, and fermented the three-kind mixture b of the same quality as the three-mixed raw material. Fermentation experiments were carried out by mixing with inoculum B.

As a result of the fermentation experiment, the fermentation time was only 24 hours.
Even at time, the three-kind mixture (b) fermented efficiently due to the strong fermentation action (carbonic acid assimilation, chemical synthesis) of the fermentation inoculum. As a result of this fermentation, it is considered that the three major elements of the fertilizer were homogenized and the air flow was vigorous, resulting in a high PH. Since such knowledge was obtained, in the second fermentation step, it was decided to mix the three-kind mixture b having the same quality as the three-kind mixed raw material with the fermented inoculum.

The raw materials and the mixing amount for the three-kind mixture (b) to be mixed with the fermented inoculum b in the second fermentation step are as follows. (However, the amount of 3 kinds of mixture used for one fermentor is 430
0kg) Cow dung 2140Kg (50%) Porcine dung 1284Kg (30%) Chicken dung 856Kg (20%) These raw materials are mixed in advance.

A mixture of the three species was added to the above-mentioned fermentation seed strain a (about 2
0 Kg) is evenly mixed and dispersed, and then charged into the aerated fermentation chamber 12.

When the inputs a and b put into the aeration fermentation chamber 12 are allowed to stand for 24 hours, the fermentation action (carbonic acid assimilation, chemical synthesis) of the three-type mixture b of the fermentation inoculum a
The three-kind mixture B was completely fermented naturally and became almost odorless. As shown in Table 2 below, the three major elements of fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphoric acid, potassium) were less variable, and the content of each component was 1-2. A fertilizer is produced that is homogenized within the range of%, while at the same time having a high PH due to its rich breathability. The temperature (fermentation temperature) in this fermentation process was about 65 to 70 ° C, and considerable energy was released.

The fertilizer thus produced is taken out by opening the opening / closing bottom plate 9 of the fermentation tank B, and transferred to the third fermentation step in which the temperature is lowered indoors or outdoors and / or stirring is performed for further fermentation, and the subsequent sieving is performed. Transfer to process.

Although not shown in the drawing, the sieving step includes foreign substances mixed in the fertilizer (mycorrhizal fungal deposits mixed in the fermenting seed bacteria, straw mixed in the three-kind mixture, and other than these). In the process of sieving solid materials such as soil blocks and pebbles,
The fertilizer (undersize) from which impurities have been removed is transferred to the weighing container packing process.

Since the mycorrhizal fungi are mixed or adhered to the screened contaminants (sieves), they are not thrown away, and the fungus of the three-kind mixed fermentation promoting material in the first fermentation process is used. Reuse as root fungus deposit. Therefore, once fertilizer production starts, there is nothing to throw away and there is no waste.

In the figure, reference numeral 17 is a lid provided at the inlet of the fermenter B, and reference numeral 18 is a deodorizing cylinder. Next, Table 2 shows the analysis results of the product of the present invention.

[0040]

[Table 2]

[0041]

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY As described above, the present invention produces a three-type mixed fermentation promoting material in which fermentation and culturing of mycorrhizal fungi are simultaneously promoted, so that a fermentation promoting material exhibiting a strong and powerful fermentation action can be obtained. .

Since the multilayer laminate formed by alternately stacking the fermentation promoting material and the three-kind mixed material was allowed to stand for a suitable period, the three-kind mixed material exerts a strong fermentation action by being naturally fermented. Fermentation inoculum is produced and can contribute to the efficient production of fertilizer in the second fermentation process.

The multi-layer laminate is covered with a covering member having a hygroscopic property, a heat-retaining property, etc., so that the evaporative water absorption at the time of fermentation, the heat retention necessary for the fermentation, the surface layer drying prevention of the laminate itself, etc. are covered. It is made by a member, and by these things, the fermenting seed bacteria can be efficiently produced without fear of killing mycorrhizal fungi.

Then, in the fermentation tank in the second fermentation step, the fermenting inoculum exerts a strong fermenting action on the three-kind mixture, and the three-kind mixture is completely fermented naturally, thereby deodorizing, At the same time, a high-quality fertilizer is efficiently produced in which the pH is increased by good air permeability and the contents of nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potassium are almost uniform.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional front view showing an example of a multilayer laminate in the first fermentation process of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a use explanatory diagram showing a fermentation tank used in the second fermentation process of the present invention in a longitudinal section.

FIG. 3 is a partially cutaway perspective view of a vented fermentor.

FIG. 4 is a partially enlarged front view of a lattice wall and a wire mesh of the aerated fermentor.

[Explanation of sign]

 A ... Multi-layer laminate 1 ... 3 types mixed raw material layer 2 ... 3 types mixed fermentation promoting material layer 3 ... Covering member B ... Aeration fermentation tank 12 ... Aeration fermentation chamber 15 ... Aeration path B ... Fermentation inoculum B ... 3 types mixture

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A fermented inoculum produced from cow dung, pig dung, and chicken dung mixed raw materials, and rice bran, sugar, and a mixture of three types of mixed fermented mycorrhizal fungi that promote fermentation. Organic fertilizer produced by adding a mixture of the same three types. 2. A mixed raw material of 3 kinds of cow dung, pig dung, and chicken dung mixed with rice bran, sugar, and finely divided mycorrhizal fungus deposits 3.
The seed-mixed fermentation promoting material is alternately stacked to form a multi-layered laminate composed of the three-mixed fermentation promoting material layer and the three-mixed fermentation-promoting material layer, and the multi-layered laminate has a hygroscopic and heat-retaining property. The first fermentation step of producing a fermentation inoculum by fermenting for 10 to 20 days, and the fermentation inoculum in the aeration fermentation chamber alternately defined with the air passage in the tank, and the same quality as the three-mixed raw material A method for producing an organic fertilizer comprising a second fermentation process in which a three-mixture is mixed and added, and fermentation is performed in a tank for 24 hours while aeration is performed, and a third fermentation step in which the fermentation product in the tank is taken out and stirred .