JPH0753243B2 - Vertical crusher - Google Patents

Description

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a vertical crusher for crushing raw materials such as limestone, slag, and cement raw material by cooperation of a rotary table and a crushing roller.

[Conventional technology]

As a kind of pulverizer for pulverizing raw materials such as limestone, slag, and cement raw material into fine powder, as shown in FIG. 6, a vertical pulverizer 1 having a rotary table and pulverizing rollers 1
Is widely used. This type of crusher has a disk-shaped rotary table 3A which is driven by a speed reducer 2 by a motor 2A at a lower portion of a cylindrical casing 15 and rotates at a low speed, and a hydraulic pressure is applied to a portion which equally divides an outer peripheral portion of an upper surface thereof in a circumferential direction. And a plurality of crushing rollers 4 that are driven to rotate by being pressed against each other.

The crushing roller 4 is provided with a hydraulic cylinder 9 via an arm 5 and an arm 7 which are pivotally supported by a shaft 6 on a casing 15.
Is connected to the piston rod 10 of the hydraulic cylinder 9
The crushing roller 4 by rotating the rotary table.
Pressing on 3A gives crushing pressure to the raw material. 3B is a dam ring provided on the outer peripheral edge of the rotary table 3A for adjusting the raw material layer pressure, 14 is a gas blowing annular space passage around the rotary table 3A, 13 is a rotary separator for classifying the raw material crushed by blades 13A, 16 Is an outlet that takes out the product with the gas,
17 is a raw material charging chute.

In such a vertical crusher, the raw material supplied to the central portion of the rotary table by the raw material chute 17 is rotated when sliding on the rotary table 3A by the centrifugal force in the radial direction of the table due to the rotation of the rotary table 3A. The table 3A receives a force in the direction of rotation and slides with respect to the table 3A to perform rotation somewhat slower than the number of rotations of the table 3A. The above two forces, that is, the force in the radial direction and the force in the rotation direction are combined, and the raw material moves to the outer peripheral portion of the rotary table 3A in a spiral trajectory on the rotary table 3A. In this peripheral part,
Since the rollers are pressed against each other and rotate, the raw material in which the spiral is drawn enters between the crushing roller 4 and the rotary table 3A from a direction forming an angle with the roller axial direction, is bitten into the particles, and is crushed.

On the other hand, gas such as air or hot air is guided to the base of the casing 15 by a duct, and this gas blows up from the annular space portion 14 between the outer peripheral surface of the rotary table 3A and the inner peripheral surface of the casing. As a result, the pulverized fine powder is entrained in the gas and rises in the casing 15, and is subjected to the classification action by the blades 13A of the separator 13 located at the upper portion,
The product having a predetermined particle size is discharged together with the gas from the discharge port 16 and sent to the next step.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention]

In the conventional vertical crusher as described above, on the table, a considerable amount of the crushed material reaching the biting side of the roller is pushed into the annular space portion without being bitten by the roller. Is normal. Then, of the objects to be crushed that are pushed into the annular space on the biting side of the roller, those with a large particle size become stones and fall into the annular space, increasing the amount of stones and increasing the amount of processing work. Let Also,
Of the objects to be crushed that have been swept into the annular space, those having a small particle size will be scattered again, so that the load applied to the separator will be large and the classification efficiency will tend to be reduced. Further, since a large amount of the object to be crushed is forced to flow into the annular space portion, a ventilation pressure loss in the annular space portion increases, which increases fan power.

As described above, in the crusher, an air blower having several times the required air volume for blowing up and circulating the overflow granules is required, and a large air volume and air pressure are required due to the increase in the circulation volume, resulting in equipment cost. Not only does this significantly increase power consumption, but especially when ultra-fine pulverizing raw materials that have relatively poor pulverizability, mill vibration often occurs, and the vibration value (amplitude) is particularly high. If it is large, the equipment may be damaged or it may become inoperable, and the operation may be stopped without stopping.

Therefore, as a measure against large vibrations, the frequency of the raw material layer of the crushing part is changed to move away from the resonance range. (Dam ring height), crushing pressure, and table rotation speed may be manipulated to change, but of these, the variable drive device of the rotary table is too expensive to implement and the feasibility is low. Changing the (dam ring height) requires internal work after stopping the operation of the crusher, and changing the crushing pressure has the drawback that the product particle size changes to the desired one, so the mill throughput The actual situation is to reduce and respond to this, which would impair a stable production plan. Therefore, even if mill vibration occurs, the vibration frequency of the crushing raw material layer is changed to reduce the vibration amplitude and the normal stable operation with less vibration is promptly restored without significantly reducing the mill throughput. There was a longing for something. The generation of these vibrations tends to occur more frequently in the finely pulverized or ultrafinely pulverized regions than in the medium pulverized region.

[Means for Solving the Problems]

In order to solve the above problems, the vertical crusher of the present invention has a plurality of rotatable crushing rollers arranged on the upper surface of the outer peripheral portion of a rotary table, and the raw material supplied to the central portion of the rotary table is crushed by a predetermined crushing roller. In a vertical pulverizer that applies pressure to pulverize between the upper surface of the rotary table and the peripheral surface of the pulverizing roller, a layer of the raw material that is bitten into the pulverizing roller is formed on the upper surface of the outer peripheral portion of the rotary table between the pulverizing rollers. A rotatable frustoconical auxiliary roller that compresses on the peripheral surface is arranged so that the extension line of the rotation axis passes through the center of the table upper surface, and the auxiliary roller is applied to the upper surface of the rotating table by an arbitrary force. The pressing means for pressing by is provided.

[Work]

The raw material supplied from the raw material feeding chute to the upper surface of the central part of the rotary table draws a spiral locus on the rotary table, moves to the outer peripheral side of the rotary table, reaches the biting side of the auxiliary roller, and is between the auxiliary roller and the rotary table. When the auxiliary roller rotates, the auxiliary roller rotates and compresses the raw material particles with a required pressing force on its peripheral surface, the gas between the particles is eliminated and deaeration occurs, and at the same time, the compressed raw material particles are dense. Being in a state,
So-called, Becomes The consolidation layer, which has been deaerated and consolidated, reaches the meshing side of the crushing roller by the rotation of the rotary table, is pressed by the rotary table with a high pressing force and is meshed with the crushing roller that is driven, and continuous crushing is performed. . Further, the raw material particles, which are crushed by the crushing roller and finely divided, and which are discharged from the non-meshing side of the crushing roller and flow as a so-called coarse layer, are subjected to the same deaeration and consolidation action again by this auxiliary roller and Efficiently crushed by being bitten by the crushing roller located at. Unlike the crushing roller, the pressing force of the auxiliary roller toward the upper surface of the rotary table does not contribute to the crushing and compresses the raw material particles to form a dense layer between particles, a so-called (Hereafter, the action of forming such a layer There is a thing. ) Is formed, which is significantly smaller than the pressing force of the crushing roller.

When the auxiliary roller is arranged close to the raw material catching side of the crushing roller, new raw material from the raw material charging chute guided to the outer peripheral portion of the rotary table is less likely to flow into the raw material catching side of the crushing roller, and the auxiliary roller is Since the ratio of the material flowing into the raw material entrapment side increases, the new raw material is less likely to disturb the consolidation layer in which the raw material particles are compressed and the raw material particles are densely packed, and the entrainment into the crushing roller is performed more reliably. .
Of course, the raw material crushed by the previous crushing roller and the new raw material are combined and compacted by this auxiliary roller.

At the same time, the auxiliary roller forms a consolidation layer with a certain thickness to keep the natural frequency of the raw material layer constant,
The second main function of the auxiliary roller is to prevent vibration from occurring.

In this way, the powder layer (consolidation layer) that has been compacted by the auxiliary roller is efficiently pulverized by the pulverizing roller arranged at the subsequent stage of the auxiliary roller, and the raw material layer is kept at a constant height to prevent vibration. Although it is difficult to occur, the layer thickness may increase due to some reason and the mill vibration may suddenly become violent.

In the vertical crusher of the present invention, as a measure against the above-mentioned problems, an auxiliary roller is provided, and the auxiliary roller is optionally used in order to reliably form the powder that is caught by the auxiliary roller into the crushing roller. It is equipped with a pressing means that presses it against the upper surface of the rotary table with the force of the table to respond to the increase in the vibration value and the increase in the layer thickness of the consolidation layer caused by the change in the grindability due to the change in the properties of the crushing raw material and the water content. The vibration value can be reduced by strengthening the pressing force to suppress the increase in the thickness of the consolidation layer and keep the thickness constant.

In addition, the pressing force applied to the compaction layer of powder, that is, the compaction force, is changed according to the change in the pulverizability of the raw material described above, and the product grain size, the tension force of the pulverizing roller and the dam ring height are changed. When these change, it is possible to change the pressing force of the auxiliary roller and suppress the increase of the vibration value to some extent.Therefore, the pressing force of the auxiliary roller is one of the driving operation requirements. Become.

Furthermore, since the auxiliary roller has a truncated cone shape and the extension line of the rotation axis of the auxiliary roller is arranged so as to pass through the center of the upper surface of the rotary table (the axis of the rotary table), the auxiliary roller rolls. Even if it moves, there is no speed difference with the upper surface of the rotary table at any position on the peripheral surface, and shearing action does not occur. Therefore, the rotational driving torque of the auxiliary roller is reduced, and only the consolidation action, which is the original main purpose, is executed.

〔Example〕

 Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

1 to 3 are for explaining a first embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 4 is for explaining another different embodiment, and FIG. 5 is a rotary table for auxiliary rollers and crushing rollers. It is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view showing the above arrangement.

First, a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

In FIG. 1, FIG. 1 (A) is a plan view showing an arrangement state of a crushing roller and an auxiliary roller on a rotary table, FIG. 1 (B) is a front development view of FIG. 1 (A), and FIG. FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing the whole vertical crusher, and FIG. 3 is a side view of an auxiliary roller mounting portion. In the figure, the same parts as those in FIG. 6 are designated by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be omitted.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, two crushing rollers 4 are arranged on the upper surface of the outer peripheral portion of the rotary table 3A at positions symmetrical to the center of the rotary table 3A. 4 are located on the upper surface of the outer peripheral portion of the rotary table 3A while the auxiliary rollers 20 each having a diameter smaller than that of the crushing roller 4 are arranged at a position close to the raw material biting side 4A of each crushing roller 4. As shown in FIG. 3, the auxiliary roller 20 is rotatably supported on a roller shaft 25 fixed to the tip of a substantially U-shaped arm 21 rotatably supported on a casing 15 by a shaft 23. Installed. A piston rod 22a of a hydraulic cylinder 22 is rotatably connected to the lower end of the arm 21. By applying a constant hydraulic pressure to the rod end chamber 22b of the hydraulic cylinder 22, a compression force is applied to the raw material layer. An end of the hydraulic cylinder 22 on the side opposite to the piston rod is rotatably supported by the casing 15. This compression force is performed by adjusting the hydraulic pressure by a pressure adjusting valve (not shown) attached to the hydraulic line connected to the rod end chamber 22b of the hydraulic cylinder 22, and an accumulator is provided in this hydraulic line. Connected, the rod end chamber 22b of the hydraulic cylinder 22 is kept at a constant pressure. By expanding and contracting the piston rod 22a of the hydraulic cylinder 22, the arm 21 is rotated about the shaft 23, and the auxiliary roller 20 moves up and down. A gap adjuster 24 for adjusting and setting the gap between the auxiliary roller 20 and the upper surface of the rotary table 3A is provided below the arm 21, and the gap adjuster 24 is fixed to the casing 15 and has a screw hole. With the installed base 24b,
A screw shaft 2 screwed into and supported by the screw hole of the base 24b
4a, and the gap between the auxiliary roller 20 and the upper surface of the rotary table 3A can be set by bringing the tip of the screw shaft 24a into contact with the side end of the arm 21.

When the weight of the auxiliary roller 20 is sufficient as the compression force of the raw material layer, the hydraulic cylinder 22 is set free.

Further, as shown in FIG. 5, the extension line of the rotation axis of the crushing roller 4 does not pass through the center (axis of the rotation table) M of the upper surface of the rotary table but passes through a point P different from the center M. Thus, the auxiliary roller 20 has a truncated cone shape, and the extension line of the rotation axis of the auxiliary roller 20 passes through the center M of the rotary table.

Next, the operation of the first embodiment having such a configuration will be described.

The raw material supplied from the raw material feeding chute 17 to the upper surface of the central portion of the rotary table 3A receives the centrifugal force of the rotary table 3A and draws a spiral locus on the rotary table 3A to move to the outer peripheral side of the rotary table. As shown in (B), most of the raw materials therein and the raw material which has already been pulverized by the pulverizing roller 4 into a fine powder are combined to form a coarse and dense layer 40 on the auxiliary roller 20 and the upper surface of the rotary table 3A. And the auxiliary roller 20 is rotated by being slightly lifted by the raw material layer, and the auxiliary roller 20 is compressed so that the coarse and dense layer 40 is compressed between the peripheral surface thereof and the upper surface of the rotary table 3A to form the consolidated layer 30. . This compaction layer 30 reaches the biting side 4A of the pulverization roller 4 by the rotation of the rotary table 3A, and here the raw material particles are not in a scattered state but in a compaction layer in a dense state, so that the pulverization roller 4 is Even if a pressing force as a high crushing force is applied and a narrow gap is formed between the rotary table 3A and the upper surface of the rotary table 3A in order to obtain a predetermined product grain size, the crushing roller 4 is more reliably bitten into the crushing roller 4, The proportion (amount) of the raw material that is scraped off by the crushing roller 4 and does not bite into the crushing roller 4 and flows through the side portions thereof is reduced. Therefore, the grinding efficiency is improved. In addition, in FIG. 1 (A), F is a moving locus of the raw material particles, C is a catching portion (crushing portion) between the roller and the rotary table 3A, and the moving locus of the raw material particles is shown in FIG.
Only the right half is shown.

At this time, the auxiliary roller 20 is provided with a so-called compacting effect of compressing the particles of the raw material to purge the interparticle gas to increase the density of the layer of the particles, so that the auxiliary roller 20 does not contribute to the pulverization of the raw material. Pressure is provided by adjusting the hydraulic pressure in hydraulic cylinder 22. The pressing force of the auxiliary roller 20 is slightly higher than the height of the auxiliary roller 20 regulated by the screw shaft 24a when the raw material is put into the gap between the auxiliary roller 20 and the rotary table 3A and is in a biting state. It is supposed to be enough to lift 20. The pressing force of the auxiliary roller 20 may be much smaller than the pressing force as the crushing force of the crushing roller 4, and if its own weight is sufficient, hydraulic pressure need not be applied. The pressing force of the auxiliary roller changes depending on the size of the raw material particles and the degree of adhered water. For example, when the diameter of the raw material particles is small, the pressing force may be small.

The raw material that has been bitten by the crushing roller 4 and crushed into a small size receives the rotating force of the rotary table 3A and the crushing roller 4 while receiving the compressive force in the narrow gap between the crushing roller 4 and the rotary table 3A. , The raw material discharge side 4B of the crushing roller 4 vigorously ejects the particles so that the particles are in a disjointed state, and is mixed with the new raw material supplied from the raw material feeding chute 17 to form a coarse and dense layer. 40, the coarse and dense layer 40 is subjected to the same consolidating action as described above by the auxiliary roller 20 located next, and is surely bitten by the crushing roller 4 located on the rotational direction side of the rotary table 3A. It is crushed and crushed, and it becomes closer to the product particle size. Then, since the auxiliary roller 20 is positioned close to the meshing side 4A of the crushing roller 4, the consolidation layer 30 that has come out of the auxiliary roller 20 is moved from the raw material charging chute 17 to the rotary table 3A.
Since the addition of new raw material supplied to the upper part is reduced, the consolidated state is less likely to be disturbed, the consolidated layer 30 is stable, and the crushing roller 4
Will be more reliably bitten into. Although the diameter of the auxiliary roller 20 is smaller than that of the crushing roller 4 in this embodiment, generally, when the particle diameter of the raw material particles is small, the diameter of the auxiliary roller 20 may be small. In addition, when the particle diameter of the raw material particles is large, the diameter is increased so that the compaction effect can be imparted according to the particle diameter of the raw material particles.

As described above, since the extension line of the rotation axis of the auxiliary roller 20 passes through the center M of the upper surface of the rotary table, there is slippage between the peripheral surface of the auxiliary roller 20 and the upper surface of the rotary table due to the speed difference. Since it does not occur, the wear action hardly occurs, the rotational driving torque of the auxiliary roller is small, and the auxiliary roller concentrates only on the action of consolidating the raw material by rolling, which is efficient.

Further, since only the compression action without shearing is applied to the raw material during the compaction action, the stable compaction layer without disturbance is sent to the pulverization roller 4, so that the pulverization efficiency is good and the vibration value is low.

The gap between the auxiliary roller 20 and the upper surface of the rotary table 3A is set by moving the screw shaft 24a of the gap adjuster 24 in and out. This gap is made large when the size of the raw material particles is large, and made small when it is small, but it consolidates the layer of the raw material particles. Without being disturbed, in a relatively large gap so that the auxiliary roller 20 can be smoothly bitten, for example,
When the raw material particle size is 5 mm or less and the gap between the crushing roller 4 and the rotary table 3A is 5 to 10 mm, an auxiliary roller
The gap between 20 and the turntable 3A is set to 40 to 60 mm.

Next, a second embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 4 (A) and 4 (B).

In this embodiment, an auxiliary roller 50 having a diameter smaller than that of the crushing roller is arranged on the upper surface of the outer peripheral portion of the rotary table 3A at the intermediate position between the crushing roller 4 and the crushing roller 4, as in the first embodiment. In this case, since the auxiliary roller 50 is brought closer to the raw material discharge side 4B of the crushing roller 4 as compared with the first embodiment described above, the dense and dense layer 40 crushed by the crushing roller 4 and discharged from the discharge side 4B is more compacted. It is performed with emphasis.
Of course, a part of the new raw material supplied from the raw material charging chute 17 is also charged into the auxiliary roller 50 and consolidated. In this embodiment, since the distance between the auxiliary roller 50 and the crushing roller 4 on the upper surface of the rotary table 3A becomes long, the consolidation layer 30 by the auxiliary roller 50 tends to be disturbed by the merging of the new feed material. The discharge side after being crushed by the crushing roller 4
Since the raw material particle layer discharged from 4B is more intensively processed, it is advantageous, for example, in the case of pulverizing a raw material having a good pulverizability and a property of being easily scattered.

Further, in this embodiment, since the crushing roller 4 and the auxiliary roller 50 are arranged at equal intervals, there is also an advantage that the manufacturing is easy.

If the auxiliary roller is arranged closer to the raw material discharge side 4B of the pulverizing roller 4, the raw material pulverized by the pulverizing roller 4 can be compressed more intensively and bitten into the next pulverizing roller 4. it can.

〔The invention's effect〕

As is clear from the above description, in the present invention, the auxiliary particles are used to compress the raw material particles to degas the gas existing between the particles, and it is possible to form a consolidated layer in which the particles are in a dense state, Since the means for pressing the auxiliary roller against the upper surface of the rotary table is provided, the vibration value can be reduced by changing the pressing force of the auxiliary roller even if the vibration value increases due to some change in the crushing condition. Therefore, long-term continuous stable operation can be continued and productivity is improved.

In addition, since the auxiliary roller only rolls without slippage over the entire circumference, wear is small, drive torque is small, the compaction layer is stable, crushing efficiency is improved, and the vibration value is also small. You can drive

[Brief description of drawings]

1 to 3 show a first embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 1 (A) is a plan layout view of a crushing roller and an auxiliary roller, and FIG. 1 (B) is FIG. 1 (A). ) Is a front development view, FIG. 2 is an overall perspective view of the crusher, FIG. 3 is a side view of an auxiliary roller mounting portion, and FIG. 4 is a second embodiment of the present invention. ) Is a plan layout view of the crushing roller and the auxiliary roller, FIG. 4 (B) is a front development view of FIG. 4 (A), and FIG. 5 is a rotary table of the auxiliary roller and the crushing roller in the vertical crusher of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a schematic vertical sectional view showing the above arrangement,
The figure is a vertical cross-sectional view of a conventional vertical crusher. 1 ... Vertical crusher, 3A ... Rotary table, 4 ... Crushing roller, 4A ... Raw material injecting side, 4B ... Raw material discharging side, 17 ... Raw material charging chute, 20 ... Auxiliary roller, 21 ... … Arm 22 …… hydraulic cylinder, 24 …… gap adjuster, 30 …… consolidation layer, 40 …… coarse layer, 50 …… auxiliary roller.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A plurality of rotatable crushing rollers are arranged on the upper surface of the outer peripheral portion of a rotary table, and a predetermined crushing pressure is applied to the raw material supplied to the central portion of the rotary table to apply a predetermined crushing pressure to the upper surface of the rotary table and the peripheral surface of the crushing roller. In a vertical crusher for crushing between a crushing surface and a surface, a rotatable truncated cone for compressing a layer of raw material bitten into the crushing roller on the outer peripheral surface of the rotary table between the crushing roller and the crushing roller on the peripheral surface. The auxiliary roller having a shape is arranged such that the extension line of the rotation axis passes through the center of the table upper surface, and the pressing means for pressing the auxiliary roller to the upper surface of the rotating table with an arbitrary force is provided. Vertical crusher.