JP2671157B2 - Vertical crusher - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Application Field] The present invention is based on the cooperation of a rotary table and a crushing roller.
The present invention relates to a vertical crusher for crushing raw materials such as limestone, slag, and cement raw materials.

[Prior Art] As one type of a crusher for finely pulverizing raw materials such as limestone, slag, and cement raw material into powder, a vertical crusher 1 having a rotary table and crushing rollers as shown in FIG.
Is widely used. This type of pulverizer includes a disk-shaped rotary table 3 that is driven by a reduction gear 2 by a motor 2A at a lower portion of a cylindrical casing 15 and that rotates at a low speed. And a plurality of crushing rollers 4 that are driven to rotate by being pressed by the like.

The crushing roller 4 is connected to a piston rod 10 of a hydraulic cylinder 9 via an arm 5 and an arm 7 which are swingably supported by a shaft 6 on a casing 15. 4 is pressed onto the rotary table 3 to give a pulverizing pressure to the raw material. 3A is a dam ring provided on the outer peripheral edge of the rotary table 3 for adjusting the layer pressure of the raw material, 14 is an annular space passage for gas blowing around the rotary table 3, 13 is a rotary separator for classifying the raw material pulverized by the blade 13A, 16 Is an outlet for taking out the product together with gas, and 17 is a raw material input chute.

In such a vertical pulverizer, the raw material supplied to the center of the rotary table by the raw material charging chute 17 receives centrifugal force in the table radial direction due to the rotation of the rotary table 3 and rotates when sliding on the rotary table 3. The table 3 receives a force in the direction of rotation and slides between the table 3 and the table 3 to rotate slightly slower than the number of rotations of the table 3. The above two forces, that is, the force in the radial direction and the force in the rotating direction are combined, and the raw material moves on the turntable 3 to the outer periphery of the turntable 3 along a spiral trajectory. Since the roller is pressed against the outer periphery and is rotating, the raw material in which the spiral is drawn enters into the space between the crushing roller 4 and the rotary table 3 from a direction forming an angle with the roller axial direction and is bitten therein. It is crushed and crushed, and then the dam ring 3A overflows.

On the other hand, air is provided at the base of the casing 15 by a duct.
Alternatively, a gas such as hot air is introduced, and this gas blows up from the annular space portion 14 between the outer peripheral surface of the rotary table 3 and the inner peripheral surface of the casing, whereby the pulverized fine powder is entrained in the gas. As a result, the blades 13A of the separator 13 located on the upper side of the casing 15 ascend to perform classification, and the product having a predetermined particle size is discharged together with the gas from the discharge port 16 and sent to the next step.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] By the way, in a conventional vertical pulverizer having a raw material pulverizing mechanism by cooperation of the rotary table 3 and the pulverizing roller 4 as described above, the outer peripheral side of the rotary table, that is, pulverization, Only a dam ring is provided on the outside of the roller, and in this case, the raw material caught in the crushing roller can escape to the inside of the crushing roller when compressed by the crushing roller, and is crushed by the crushing roller. As shown in FIG. 3 (A), the pressure distribution of the raw material was high on the outside and low on the inside, and there was a phenomenon that pulverization did not occur more efficiently on the inside than on the outside. This is also a fact of operation that the crushing roller is worn more severely toward the outside, and uniform wear is not occurring in the radial direction of the crushing roller peripheral surface, and some improvement measures have been demanded.

In particular, when the raw material having a slippery fluid behavior is pulverized on the turntable 3, the raw material may be intermittently caught in the pulverizing roller, and the pulverization efficiency may be significantly reduced. there were. That is, particularly when the pulverized raw material has a low water content, for example, tongue (limestone) or slag, the behavior of the raw material particles on the rotary table is fluid and slippery,
The particles tend to come apart, and for this reason, when they are supplied from the raw material chute to the center of the rotary table and reach the crushing roller, they are pressed on the rotary table with a predetermined hydraulic pressure to give the crushing force. When there is a large proportion of the material that is not scraped by the grinding roller and does not get caught in the grinding roller, or when the material is held at the jamming side of the grinding roller and there is raw material stored here, In this case, the raw material is stably bitten into the crushing roller, and the raw material is not stably and continuously bitten into the crushing roller. Further, the raw material pulverized once by the pulverizing roller is further bitten by the next pulverizing roller and pulverized to gradually become a product, but the raw material that has left the pulverizing roller is between the pulverizing roller and the rotary table. The gap is compressed and pops up from the crushing part that is made into a narrow gap and floats up, and the particles become scattered, forming a stable layer state and reaching the biting part of the next crushing roller. However, there was a tendency for defective biting, and the grinding efficiency was significantly reduced due to such a cause.

In addition, mill vibration often occurs when ultra-finely pulverizing a raw material that has a relatively poor pulverizability, and if the vibration value (amplitude) is particularly large, the equipment may be damaged or become inoperable. There were times when I was forced to stop driving without stopping. Therefore, even if mill vibration occurs, the frequency of the pulverized raw material layer is changed and the vibration amplitude is reduced without immediately lowering the amount of mill treatment, and the operation quickly returns to the normal stable and small vibration operation state. Some means had been craving. The occurrence of these vibrations tends to occur more frequently in finely crushed or ultrafine crushed than in the medium crushed region.

The present invention has been made in view of the problems of such a conventional vertical crusher, and improves the wear state by making the crushing pressure distribution uniform, and consolidates the layers of the raw material to cause the raw material to fall apart. It is intended to improve the pulverization efficiency of the vertical pulverizer by preventing this from occurring and preventing generation of large vibration and improving the biting of the raw material into the pulverizing roller.

[Means for Solving the Problems] In order to achieve the above object, in the vertical crusher of the present invention, a plurality of rotating members having a groove on the outer peripheral surface upper surface of the rotary table in the axial central portion of the outer peripheral surface are provided. A vertical crusher in which a free crushing roller is arranged, and the raw material supplied to the center of the rotary table is crushed between the upper surface of the rotary table and the outer peripheral surface of the crushing roller by applying a predetermined crushing pressure to the crushing roller. An annular protrusion is provided on the upper surface of the rotary table on the inner and outer circumferences of the rolling surface of the crushing roller and at the positions corresponding to the concave grooves, and the crushing roller rolling roller is mounted on the rotary table between the crushing rollers. A rotatable auxiliary roller that compresses the raw material layer on the moving surface on the peripheral surface is arranged.

[Operation] The raw material supplied from the raw material input chute to the upper surface of the center of the rotary table draws a spiral trajectory on the rotary table, moves to the outer peripheral side of the rotary table, reaches the biting side of the auxiliary roller,
When flowing between the auxiliary roller and the rotary table, the auxiliary roller rotates and compresses the raw material particles with a required pressing force on the peripheral surface thereof, so that the compressed raw material particles are in a dense state. , It is said. The consolidation layer reaches the engagement side of the crushing roller by the rotation of the rotary table, and is caught with a higher probability even if the crushing roller is applied with a high pressing force as the crushing force, so that continuous crushing is performed. Further, the raw material particles that are crushed by the crushing roller and become finer and flow out from the non-meshing side of the crushing roller as a so-called coarse and dense layer are subjected to a similar compaction action by this auxiliary roller and crushed to the next position. It is highly likely to be bitten into the rollers and crushed efficiently. This is the first function of the auxiliary roller. The pressing force of the auxiliary roller in the direction of the upper surface of the rotary table does not contribute to the crushing, but the raw material particles are compressed to form a layer in which the particles are closely packed,
A so-called compaction layer (hereinafter, the action of forming such a layer may be referred to as consolidation) may be formed to such an extent that the force is significantly smaller than the pressing force of the crushing roller.

At the same time, the second function of the auxiliary roller is to keep the natural frequency of the raw material layer constant and prevent the vibration from occurring by forming the consolidation layer with a constant thickness by the auxiliary roller.

In this way, the powder layer (consolidation layer) that has been consolidated by the auxiliary roller is efficiently pulverized by the pulverizing roller arranged in the subsequent stage of the auxiliary roller, and the raw material layer is kept at a constant thickness to cause vibration. Making it difficult.

In the vertical crusher of the present invention, the auxiliary roller described above is provided, and both the auxiliary roller and the crushing roller are provided with a groove at the center of the circumferential surface (rolling surface) in the axial direction. Since the ring-shaped protrusions are provided on the upper surface of the rotary table at the positions corresponding to the outer and inner circumferences of the rotary table rolling surface and the concave groove in the middle of the rotary table, the raw materials pressed by the crushing rollers during crushing will move to the inside and outside. As a result of being restrained from escaping, the pressure distribution due to the pressing force of the crushing roller is given a uniform and high value, and extremely efficient crushing is carried out. As a result, the outer peripheral surfaces of the crushing rollers perform almost the same work, so that the wear state is substantially uniform and the life can be extended.

Example Next, an example of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

1 to 3 are for explaining an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 1 (A) is a plan view showing the arrangement of a crushing roller and an auxiliary roller on a rotary table, and FIG. 1 (B) is 1B is a partial vertical cross-sectional view taken along line BB of FIG. 1A, and FIG.
It is a front development view of a figure (A). FIG. 2 is a side view of the auxiliary roller mounting portion, FIG. 3 is a pressure distribution diagram of the raw material just below the crushing roller during crushing, and FIG. 3 (A) is a conventional crusher, FIG. (B) shows the case of the crusher of the present invention. In the figure, the same parts as those in FIG. 4 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the crushing roller 4 has a concave groove 4c in the central portion in the axial direction of the outer peripheral surface, and the crushing roller portion of the large diameter roller 4a and the small diameter roller 4b on both sides of the concave groove 4c. It is supposed to be crushed. The two crushing roller portions are three annular protrusions provided on the rotary table 3, that is,
It is fitted on an annular track defined by outer protrusion (also called dam ring) 3A, intermediate protrusion 3B, and inner protrusion 3C.
By the rotation of the rotary table 3, it is driven to roll through the raw material layer.

On the other hand, although the auxiliary roller 20 has a smaller diameter than the crushing roller 4, it is arranged so as to roll along the annular running path like the crushing roller 4, and has a concave groove in the axial center of the outer peripheral surface. It has the same shape as that of the crushing roller.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, two crushing rollers 4 are arranged on the upper surface of the outer peripheral portion of the rotary table 3 at positions symmetrical with respect to the center of the rotary table 3. Each auxiliary roller 20 is arranged on the upper surface of the outer peripheral portion of the rotary table 3 while the rollers 4 are positioned. As shown in FIG. 2, the auxiliary roller 20 is rotatably supported on a roller shaft 25 fixed to the tip of a substantially U-shaped arm 21 rotatably supported on a casing 15 by a shaft 23. It is installed. A piston rod 22a of a hydraulic cylinder 22 is rotatably coupled to the lower end of the arm 21,
By applying a constant hydraulic pressure to the rod end chamber 22b of the hydraulic cylinder 22, a compressive force of the raw material layer is applied. An end of the hydraulic cylinder 22 on the side opposite to the piston rod is rotatably supported on the casing 15. This compression force is performed by adjusting the hydraulic pressure by a pressure adjusting valve (not shown) attached to the hydraulic line connected to the rod end chamber 22b of the hydraulic cylinder 22. An accumulator is connected to this hydraulic line, and the rod end chamber 22b of the hydraulic cylinder 22 is maintained at a constant pressure.
By expanding and contracting the piston rod 22a of the hydraulic cylinder 22, the arm 21 is rotated about the shaft 23 as a rotation center, and the auxiliary roller 20 moves up and down. Auxiliary roller 20 is provided below the arm 21.
A gap adjuster 24 that adjusts and sets the gap between the upper surface of the rotary table 3 and the rotary table 3 is provided. The gap adjuster 24 is fixed to the casing 15 and has a base 24b projecting a screw hole. The screw shaft 24a is screwed into and supported by the screw hole of the base 24b, and the tip end of the screw shaft 24a is brought into contact with the side end of the arm 21 so that the gap between the auxiliary roller 20 and the upper surface of the rotary table 3 is increased. It is configured to be able to set.

When the compression force of the layer of the raw material can be the own weight of the auxiliary roller 20, the hydraulic cylinder 22 is kept free.

 Next, the operation of the embodiment having such a configuration will be described.

The raw material supplied from the raw material charging chute 17 to the upper surface of the central portion of the rotary table 3 receives the centrifugal force of the rotary table 3 and draws a spiral locus on the rotary table 3 to move to the outer peripheral side of the rotary table. As shown in (C), most of the raw materials therein and the raw material that has already been crushed by the crushing roller 4 into a fine powder are combined to form a coarse and dense layer 40 on the auxiliary roller 20 and the upper surface of the rotary table 3. And the auxiliary roller 20 is rotated by being slightly lifted by the raw material layer, and the compression roller 40 is compressed between the peripheral surface and the upper surface of the rotary table 3 to form the compression layer 30. . The compaction layer 30 reaches the biting side 4A of the crushing roller 4 by the rotation of the rotary table 3, and here the raw material particles are not in a scattered state but in a compacted layer in a dense state. Even if a pressing force as a high crushing force is applied and a narrow gap is provided between the rotary table 3 and the upper surface of the rotary table 3 in order to obtain a predetermined product grain size, the crushing roller 4 is more reliably bitten into the crushing roller 4, The proportion (amount) of the raw material that is scraped off by the crushing roller 4 and does not bite into the crushing roller 4 and flows through the side portions thereof is reduced. Therefore, the pulverization efficiency is improved.

At this time, the auxiliary roller 20 compresses the particles of the raw material to increase the density of the layer of particles, so-called By adjusting the hydraulic pressure of the hydraulic cylinder 22, a low pressure that does not contribute to the pulverization of the raw material is given. The pressing force of the auxiliary roller 20 is slightly higher than the height of the auxiliary roller 20 regulated by the screw shaft 24a when the raw material is thrown into the gap between the auxiliary roller 20 and the rotary table 3 and is bitten. It is supposed to be enough to lift 20. The pressing force of the auxiliary roller 20 may be much smaller than the pressing force of the crushing roller 4 as the crushing force, and if its own weight is sufficient, it is not necessary to apply hydraulic pressure. The pressing force of the auxiliary roller varies depending on the size of the raw material particles and the degree of the attached moisture. For example, when the raw material particle diameter is small, the pressing force may be small.

The raw material that has been bitten by the crushing roller 4 and crushed into a small size is subjected to a compressive force in a narrow gap between the crushing roller 4 and the rotary table 3, and the rotary table 3 and the crushing roller 4
Of the crushing roller 4, the particles are vigorously ejected from the raw material discharge side 4 </ b> B, and the particles are scattered so that the particles are in a dispersed state. It is mixed with the raw material to form a dense / dense layer 40.
With 20, the crushing roller 4 positioned on the rotational direction side of the rotary table 3 is surely bitten and crushed by the same compaction effect as described above, and the particle size becomes closer to the product grain size. Then, the consolidation layer 30 coming out from the auxiliary roller 20 is positioned so that the auxiliary roller 20 is brought close to the biting side 4A of the crushing roller 4, so that the new raw material supplied from the raw material feeding chute 17 onto the rotary table 3 Since the addition of a small amount is less likely to disturb the compacted state, the compacted layer 30 becomes stable and is more reliably bitten into the crushing roller 4. Although the diameter of the auxiliary roller 20 is smaller than that of the crushing roller 4 in this embodiment, in general, when the particle diameter of the raw material particles is small, the diameter of the auxiliary roller 20 may be small. In addition, when the particle diameter of the raw material particles is large, the diameter is increased so that the compaction effect can be imparted according to the particle diameter of the raw material particles.

The gap between the auxiliary roller 20 and the upper surface of the rotary table 3A is set by inserting and removing the screw shaft 24a of the gap adjuster 24. This gap is made large when the size of the raw material particles is large and made small when it is small, but since it is a compaction of the layer of raw material particles, this gap is too small and the raw material particle layer is conversely disturbed. In a relatively large gap so that the auxiliary roller 20 can be smoothly bitten, for example,
When the raw material particle size is 5 mm or less and the gap between the crushing roller 4 and the rotary table 3 is 5 to 10 mm, an auxiliary roller
The gap between 20 and the turntable 3 is set to be 4 to 60 mm.

The raw material layer compacted by the auxiliary roller 20 as described above is bitten by the crushing roller 4 and crushed. As described above, in the conventional vertical crusher, the dam ring 3A is formed on the outer peripheral side of the crushing roller. Although there is an outer protrusion, there are no obstacles on the inner peripheral side of the crushing roller, so the raw material on the inside escapes inward as the crushing roller compresses, as shown in Fig. 3 (A). Since the pressure distribution is high only on the outer peripheral side and the crushing force cannot be effectively transmitted to the inner side, the crushing efficiency is poor. In order to improve this, in the present invention, a concave groove and a corresponding projection are also provided on the inner peripheral side and the intermediate part of the crushing roller, so that the raw material layer immediately below the crushing roller receives the large force of the crushing roller on both sides. The movement of the inside and outside of the grinding roller is restricted by the obstacle of the projection. As a result, a large crushing force is effectively transmitted to the raw material layer, and a substantially uniform high pressure distribution is obtained as shown in FIG. 3 (B).

In addition, the consolidation layer that travels along the two tracks is sandwiched by the protrusions on both sides (the outer track is the dam ring 3A and the intermediate protrusion 3B, and the inner track is the intermediate protrusion 3B and the inner protrusion 3C), and is moved outward by centrifugal force. Another effect is to be surely bitten into the crushing roller without doing.

[Effects of the Invention] As is clear from the above description, in the present invention, since the raw material particles can be compressed by the auxiliary roller to form the compacted layer in which the gaps between the particles are in a dense state, a large vibration is not generated. In addition to being able to suppress it, when the raw material tries to bite into the pulverizing roller to which a pressing force as a high pulverizing force is applied, the raw material is less likely to be scraped off by the pulverizing roller and pass through the side portion of the pulverizing roller to escape. The biting property into the crushing roller can be improved, and the crushing action can be continuously performed, so that the crushing efficiency can be improved. This is particularly effective when pulverizing a raw material that is slippery on a rotary table, that is, a raw material having fluidity, or a raw material with little attached moisture.

Further, since the rotary table is defined by the outer protrusion, the intermediate protrusion, and the inner protrusion, effective crushing with a uniform pressure distribution is performed, so the crushing efficiency is high, the wear is almost uniform, the roller life is extended, and A reliable biting of the crushing roller of the consolidation layer is achieved.

[Brief description of the drawings]

1 and 2 show an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 1 (A)
Is a plan view showing the arrangement of the crushing roller and the auxiliary roller on the rotary table, FIG. 1 (B) is a partial vertical cross-sectional view taken along the line BB of FIG. 1 (A), and FIG. FIG. 2A is a front development view, and FIG. 2 is a side view of a mounting portion of an auxiliary roller. FIG. 3 is a pressure distribution diagram of the raw material layer immediately below the crushing roller.
FIG. 3A shows the case of the conventional crusher, and FIG. 3B shows the case of the crusher of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of a conventional vertical crusher. 1 ... Vertical crusher, 3 ... Rotary table, 3A ... Outer protrusion (dam ring), 3B ... Intermediate protrusion, 3C ... Inner protrusion, 4 ... Grinding roller, 4A. 4B ... Raw material discharge side, 4a ... Large diameter roller, 4b ... Small diameter roller, 4c concave groove, 17 ... Raw material charging chute, 20 ... Auxiliary roller, 21 ... Arm, 22 ... Hydraulic cylinder, 24 ... … Gap adjuster, 30 …… consolidation layer, 40 …… coarse layer.

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] 1. A plurality of rotatable crushing rollers having a groove in an axially central portion of an outer peripheral surface are disposed on an upper surface of an outer peripheral portion of a rotary table, and a raw material supplied to a central portion of the rotary table is supplied to a crushing roller by a predetermined amount. Vertical crusher for crushing between the upper surface of the rotary table and the outer peripheral surface of the crushing roller by applying a crushing pressure of
An annular protrusion is provided on the upper surface of the rotary table on the inner and outer circumferences of the rolling surface of the crushing roller and at positions corresponding to the concave grooves, and the crushing roller is provided on the rotary table between the crushing rollers. A vertical crusher equipped with a rotatable auxiliary roller that compresses the raw material layer on the rolling surface on the peripheral surface.