JPH07506757A - Apparatus and method for vacuum thermal dissociation treatment of liquid and gaseous items whose disposal would harm the environment - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] Apparatus and method for vacuum thermal dissociation treatment of liquid and gaseous items whose disposal would harm the environment The present invention applies vacuum thermal dissociation treatment to liquid and gas articles that are harmful to the environment when disposed of. The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for doing so. Items that harm the environment should be stored conventionally or calcified (burned ash). If stored, potential damage remains and if the packaging corrodes. may harm the environment. When calcined, the calcination temperature is very high. (above 1000°C), which can quickly damage the plant and therefore make it extremely difficult to operate. The cost becomes high. More importantly, there is no control over calcined gas products. is exhausted into the atmosphere. This cannot guarantee that environmental pollution is controlled. do not have.

The purpose of the present invention is to perform a decomposition reaction to fix and eliminate pollutant elements that harm the environment. at a moderate temperature (typically 500°C - 900°C, depending on the article being treated) ) The object is to eliminate the above-mentioned defects by means of an apparatus for treating liquid or gaseous articles.

To this end, the present invention utilizes vacuum thermal dissociation (i.e., typically 500 mm, e.g. thermal dissociation at subatmospheric pressure of approximately 300 mbar) and continuous purification of decomposed products at the outlet. propose. Decomposition products are continuously evaluated to determine whether they should be disposed of or reprocessed. Power to monitor (preferable)

Operation at temperatures below 1000°C will not result in significant damage to the processing system and will This increases operating life and reduces operating costs.

More precisely, the present invention deals with liquid and gaseous bodies whose disposal is harmful to the environment. A single thermal dissociation reactor, a single thermal dissociation reactor, a liquid article or gas to be treated A supply chamber in which the goods are supplied, an intermediately arranged disk through which the gas to be treated can pass, heat The thermal dissociation chamber where catalytic decomposition occurs and the removed waste released by the thermal catalytic decomposition. It is characterized by comprising a purification chamber in which chemical elements are selectively retained. Provide equipment for

According to a preferred possible combinatory configuration of the invention: the device according to the invention comprises: in a thermal dissociation chamber; or a combustible gas medium supply vibrator disposed at its upstream end; The supply chamber evaporates the liquid portion of the article to be treated introduced into the chamber and produces the resulting gas mixture. Equipped with a heating device (system) that heats to a set temperature; The intermediate disk has a flow velocity and pressure in the supply chamber determined by the temperature and pressure conditions in the supply chamber. has an orifice of a calibrated size that successfully transfers the gaseous article to the thermal dissociation chamber. Or; The thermal dissociation chamber contains a thermal catalytic system (system ), the thermal catalyst system is electrically heated to a temperature that enables the catalytic cracking reaction of the gas mixture. The additional energy required for pyrolytic decomposition of the article being heated reduces the flammability of air/oxygen. It is obtained by the catalytic decomposition reaction of a sexual mixture; The purification chamber selectively removes the radicals to be removed by reaction with reactive substances. a lining of said reactive material for the passage of cracked gases; The reactive substances are removed for ease of handling and for convenience in recycling. The device is installed in the form of a removable cartridge; including means for regulating the temperature of the mass; The device has a pump set connected to the outlet of the reactor to maintain the vacuum level in the thermal dissociation chamber. A cleaning means is arranged in advance of the pump set, and this means cleans the gas. to further purify the gas and cool the gas to a temperature appropriate for the pump set. The degree of vacuum in the thermal dissociation chamber is determined by the pressure fixed in the reactor downstream of the intermediate disk. controlled by adjusting the flow rate of the pump set according to the reading on the force gauge; The reactor is insulated to reduce heat loss, and the thermal catalyst system in the thermal dissociation chamber and the activation chamber in the purification chamber are The chemical substance is removably inserted; the device is installed downstream of the reactor outlet for gas analysis. includes an analyzer control valve that directs the treated gas to the waste path and to the reactor. I try to send it to one of the entrances.

The present invention involves introducing an environmentally disturbing liquid and gas into a supply chamber where the liquid evaporates. The evaporated liquid and the gas are passed through a thermal dissociation chamber maintained in a vacuum, where the evaporated liquid and the gas are separated. The catalyst is brought into contact with the catalyst block shaft (aSS) heated to a temperature sufficient for thermal catalytic decomposition, and then an element that selectively retains a predetermined substance released by decomposing the evaporated liquid and the gas; Dispose of environmentally hazardous liquids and gases by passing them through a purification chamber containing provide a method to do so.

According to a further preferred configuration of the invention: Gaseous articles leaving the purification chamber are cleaned, tested for the presence of hazardous substances, and then transported as is. Either dispose of it or recycle it to the supply room; Control the degree of vacuum by controlling the flow rate at which the product is pumped out; Gaseous articles are cleaned and pumped out after cooling.

By complying with the above conditions, the device of the invention provides the following benefits.

Change the cross section of the reactor and the length of the thermal dissociation chamber, or connect the required number of reactors in parallel. By doing so, it can be applied to the treatment of any amount of liquid or gas.

In the device of the invention, the contamination by the exhaust gases with harmful elements causes the gases to first enter the purification chamber. and secondly into a washer upstream of the pump set.

Equipment installation and operating costs are reduced compared to calcination equipment.

The specific objectives, configuration, and effects of the present invention are described below by way of non-limiting example with reference to the accompanying drawings. It becomes clear from the description.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an apparatus according to the present invention for treating liquid and gaseous waste.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory longitudinal cross-sectional view of the thermal dissociation reactor of the apparatus shown in FIG.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory longitudinal cross-sectional view showing a modification of the reactor shown in FIG. 2.

In FIG. 1, the liquid to be treated (and gas) is supplied from the barrel or by a metering pump 18. From the storage tank 17 in which it is supplied, it passes through the inlet A and reaches the supply chamber l. The liquid is moved by gravity. It is possible to supply even

The reactor has a secondary chamber upstream of the feed chamber to prevent the products from escaping out of the system and to prevent air from entering. We have a conventional plant, and an example of this type of means is a pneumatic seal leg ( leg) prevents air from entering, and a check valve prevents liquid and gas from escaping outside the system. I can do that.

The flammable mixture (air/oxygen-flammable gas) is introduced into the supply chamber 1 from the storage tank 19 It is fed through port B, during which it passes through a pressure gauge/pressure regulator 20. this The flow rate of the air-fuel mixture is regulated by the flow rate of the metering pump 18. Supply chamber 1 is a heating means, this example has an electric heating element 2 placed on the outer wall outside the enclosure of the room, with which the The liquid part of the product to be treated is evaporated and the resulting vapor is heated before the air and air coming to inlet B are and/or mixed with oxygen. The current heating element 2 is the evaporated liquid-air in the supply chamber 1. - controlled (at 13) based on (at 12) the measurement of the vapor pressure of the gas mixture; hand). For this control, there is a fixed set point for processing each mixture. .

The intermediate disk 3 is fixed and sealed at the outlet of the supply chamber 1. This dis The tank has a hole 3A of calibrated size through which the mixed gas and gaseous Alternatively, the liquid material to be processed is transferred to the thermal dissociation chamber 4. This chamber 4 is a thermal reactor or It contains a thermal catalytic reaction system and is fixed and sealed to the intermediate disk. child The flow rate of the transfer depends on the temperature and pressure in the supply chamber 1. This flow rate depends on these parameters. It is regulated by changing the flow rate of the meter and metering pump 18.

According to another embodiment of the invention, the combustible mixture enters the thermal dissociation chamber at the upstream end of this chamber 4. Vibrator B' ( (shown as a dotted line).

The thermal dissociation chamber 4 communicates with and is sealed with a purification chamber 9, which is located at its downstream end. is closed by an end wall 11 at the chamber 4 and contains the products of thermal dissociative decomposition occurring in the chamber 4. It purifies. This product exits through outlet C of end wall 11.

These rooms and other components 1. 4. 9.11 is the flange and gasket (or by welding) and sealed to form the reactor.

A vacuum (i.e. sub-atmospheric pressure typically below 800 mbar) is maintained at all times in the thermal dissociation chamber 4. is maintained in the purification chamber 9, and the absolute pressure in the chamber 4 changes depending on the nature of the object to be treated. child The pressure is, for example, 300 mbars.

The decomposition products enter the cleaning column, i.e. “scrubber J (scrubber) 23”. , where it is cleaned and cooled with a vigorous water spray. Cleaning water is supplied by pump 24. The water is pumped up, and the flow rate is equal to the flow rate of the spray pump 26 that sprays water onto the column 23. are combined. The flow rate of spray pump 26 is determined by the volume of cracked gas entering column 23. Depends on temperature. The wash water pumped from the outlet at the bottom of column 23 first settles. It is sent to the lees/cooling tank 25 and then transferred to the neutralization tank 27. This neutralization tank has neutralization A solution, such as a soda solution, is supplied as required. This solution comes from tank 21. The flow rate is taken out by a metering pump 22, but the flow rate is monitored by a monitor device such as a pH meter. 27A output.

The cleaned and cooled gas is transferred from the outlet at the top of the column 23 to the pump set (puIlp). 5et) (e.g. equipped with a vacuum pump and heat exchanger) Ru. This can be done with a volume of 4 - at the required vacuum (typically 300 mbar, see above). Maintain 9-23. The pump set 28 is activated, so the vacuum level of the device is is controlled according to the pressure in the purification chamber 9 measured by the sensor 16.

Before entering the pump set 28, the gas passes through a gas analyzer 30. Based on the result of the analysis, the valves 31 and 32 on the downstream side of the pump set 28 are activated. to direct the gas to the chimney 29 or to the second inlet B' of the supply chamber l. The waste should be recycled and reprocessed.

The cleaning column has a dual function, the first of which is to carry out the cleaning process, the second of which is to carry out the cleaning process. is to cool the gas to a temperature acceptable to pump set 28.

FIG. 2 shows an industrial embodiment of a thermal dissociation reactor combining chambers 1, 4.9. this reaction Although the vessel is shown in horizontal configuration, it can be operated in vertical configuration as well. . This configuration can be selected depending on the site installation conditions.

The liquid reaches the inlet A by gravity feed or metering pump.

The mixture of air/oxygen and combustible gas reaches inlet B. After passing through pump set 28 The gas to be reprocessed, ie recycled, reaches inlet B'. Supply room l is treated Heated by electric element 2 to evaporate the liquid and heat the mixed gas. Ru. Heating is controlled by a power regulator 13 according to the pressure measured by a pressure gauge 12 be done.

The holes in the intermediate disk 3 for the flow of the hot mixed gas from the supply chamber l to the thermal dissociation chamber 4 are annular. The flow cross section is distributed along a group of shaped lines, and the flow cross section depends on various parameters: upstream pressure Mixing gas required according to power and temperature (at l), downstream pressure (at 4) etc. It is selected to ensure a sufficient flow rate. The design of the intermediate disk is based on the physical Depends on chemical properties. Install the disk 3 between the flanges of both chambers 1 and 2. This makes it easy to replace the disk when changing the object to be processed. thermal reactor (i.e. sa 5. 6. 7 causes a thermal catalytic decomposition reaction there. be. These are: a porous catalyst block 5 in which the mixed gas and material to be treated circulate; In this example, the catalyst element is used to penetrate the catalyst mass in the longitudinal direction and bring the catalyst mass to the decomposition reaction temperature. and further supply the energy necessary to separate the gas molecules by the catalyst mass 5. in the form of a radiant heating tube 6; and a reactive mass 5 is attached to Plug the pipe 7 (on the upstream side in this case) to prevent gas from flowing out of the hole mass 5. be. The temperature output section 8 and the thermocouple 15 are supplied with electrical energy by the power regulator 14. temperature to control the chemical decomposition process by regulating the input of the temperature. heat The reactor is removably housed in the thermal dissociation enclosure 4A and the gas is directed along the enclosure 4A. The catalyst mass 5 is sealed to prevent it from bypassing the catalyst mass 5 by flowing.

In Fig. 2, the radiation tube 6 is a concentric tube (three tubes form one tube). (the tube is nested in another tube), the power supply, i.e., the regulator 14, is The upstream end is connected to the downstream end by a spacer 6A. Spacers are electrical connections and mechanical rigidity.

Therefore, the plurality of tubes are integrated into a single heating element that evenly heats the catalyst mass 5. It constitutes the

The radiant tube of the thermal dissociation chamber is filled with the material constituting the porous mass 5, so that the gas flow provides heat exchange. The flow is sufficiently slow and turbulent to promote exchange. The nature of the filler depends on the For catalytic decomposition of physical materials, choose one that is suitable for the stability characteristics of the material to be treated.

FIG. 3 shows another design example of the thermal reactor l. In the figure, the radiation channel The tube is a heater element embedded spirally around the central tube 7 in the catalyst mass 5. 6'. This tube allows the catalyst mass 5 to induce a decomposition reaction. heated to the temperature required for movement. Components in FIG. 3 that are similar to components in FIG. 2 have identical references. Identified by number. The porous mass 5 of this example is inside a porous envelope (not shown). advantageously confined.

The energy required for thermal catalytic decomposition of the material to be treated increases the temperature of the gas mixture in the supply chamber. by increasing the temperature of the radiant tube and electric heating element, and by increasing the temperature of the thermal catalyst. It is supplied by the catalytic cracking reaction of a mixture of air/oxygen and combustible gas in the material of the system. Ru.

The decomposition reaction dynamics in the thermolyzer are controlled by a thermocouple installed in the reactor. and conventional current control by regulating electrical heating based on data from controlled by using a system, e.g. a thyristor-based system .

The outer envelope 9A of the purification chamber 9 contains active element cartridges 10 (in this example, two in order). Contains a cartridge (next placement cartridge). Function of active element is physical/chemical means Retains chemical radicals (especially halogens) that should be removed from thermal dissociation and decomposition. It depends on the object to be processed.

The cartridge IO occupies the entire internal cross section of the outer enclosure 9A, and is a gas analyzer. When it becomes clear that the purification is not yet sufficient according to the display of 30, take it out and replace it. will be replaced. The removed cartridge can be recycled and reinstalled. Ru. The sequential array of cartridges each contains a different chemical radical to immobilize it. It can be of any kind. The pressure gauge 16 downstream of the cartridge 10 is Since the emptyness is displayed, the flow rate of the pump set 28 can be corrected based on this display. The pressure can be set to the required value. The decomposed and purified gas It leaves the reactor through outlet C in end wall 11.

The catalytic reactor is insulated along its entire length between A and C to minimize heat loss. It is.

For example, if 1-1-chloroethane is input at an average flow rate of 1 kg/s, The disk has a hole with a cross section of 0.35 cm. is 1.2 m long, and the cross section of its gas flow path is 400 cm. It is based on Latina. Purification Cart 1 Rusoji contains salts released during catalytic cracking It is based on dolomite to immobilize elementary compounds.

is directly supplied to a thermal dissociation chamber arranged in line with the thermal dissociation chamber. This mixture is 960g/s Contains oxygen and 540 g/S of propane (C,) II).

The target pressure in the supply chamber I is 3 bar and the set temperature is 480 °C.

The degree of vacuum in the thermal dissociation chamber 4 is 0.6 bar, and the catalyst mass 5 has a temperature of the order of 100 OK. maintained at the same time.

Although the invention has been described above by way of example, these examples are not intended to limit the invention. However, many variations will occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. Needless to say, it is possible.

Claims (16)

[Claims] 1. Single thermal dissociation is used in equipment that processes liquids and gases whose disposal disturbs the environment. A reactor, a supply chamber (1) into which the liquid or gas article to be treated is supplied, and a gas article to be treated. The intermediate disk (3) allows the flow of gas and the heat that causes the thermal catalytic cracking reaction inside. A dissociation chamber (4) and a chamber containing the chemical elements to be removed released by the thermal catalytic decomposition reaction. The waste disposal is characterized by the inclusion of a purification chamber (9) for selective retention in the environment. Equipment that processes harmful liquids and gases. 2. A pipe (B , B'') according to claim 1. 3. The supply chamber (1) evaporates the liquid part of the material to be treated introduced into it and creates a mixture characterized by comprising a heating device (2) for heating the to a predetermined temperature, The apparatus according to claim 1 or 2. 4. The intermediate disk (3) adjusts the temperature and pressure conditions of the supply chamber (1) and the thermal dissociation chamber (4). Calibration for the normal transfer of gaseous products to the thermal dissociation chamber (4) at a flow rate determined by pressure. Any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it has a normally sized orifice. The device according to item 1. 5. The thermal dissociation chamber (4) contains a thermal catalytic system (5-6), which system is electrically powered. comprising an electrical element (6, 6') connected to a feeder (14) and a thermal catalyst mass (5); The system is electrically heated to a temperature that allows catalytic cracking of the mixture, and the The additional energy required for the thermal dissociative decomposition of the air/oxygen-combustible gas mixture is According to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it is obtained by reaction. The device described. 6. The purification chamber (9) is decomposed in order to selectively remove the radicals to be removed. A line of such reactive material is arranged to allow the gas to pass over the lining (10). 6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it comprises a lining (10). Device. 7. The reactive material is removable for ease of operation and for regeneration after use. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that the device is installed in the form of a cartridge. Place. 8. Means (14) for regulating the temperature of the catalyst mass (5) housed in the thermal dissociation chamber , 15). Device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it comprises: . 9. In order to maintain the degree of vacuum in the thermal dissociation chamber (4), a cleaning hand is installed prior to the outlet of the reactor. including a pump set (28) connected via a stage (23) for supplying gas with said cleaning means; It is characterized by further purifying and cooling the pump set to an appropriate temperature. 9. A device according to any one of claims 1-8. 10. The degree of surface air obtained in the thermal dissociation chamber (4) is transferred to the reactor downstream of the intermediate disk. The flow rate of the pump set (28) according to the scale indication of the fixed pressure gauge (16) 10. The device according to claim 9, characterized in that it is controlled by adjusting the . 11. The reactor is insulated to reduce heat loss and thermally dissociated with an intermediate disk (3). The thermal dissociation system (5, 6, 7) placed in the chamber and the active material (10) placed in the purification chamber are removed. Any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the device is installed in a removable manner. The device described in. 12. Includes a gas analyzer control valve downstream of the reactor, which allows the treated gas to to either the waste disposal channel (29) or the inlet (A) of the reactor. 12. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that: 13. The liquid to be treated and the gas are supplied to the supply chamber (1), the liquid is evaporated, and the evaporated liquid and the gas are The gas is sent to a thermal dissociation chamber (4) which is maintained under vacuum during operation, where it is combined with the evaporated liquid. Catalytic thermal dissociation decomposition of the gas is brought into contact with a catalyst mass heated to a temperature to react, and then An element that selectively retains a predetermined substance released by decomposing the evaporated liquid and the gas. The disposal of liquids that are harmful to the environment is sent to a purification chamber (9) containing liquids. How to dispose of gas. 14. The gas leaving the purification chamber is cleaned, tested for the presence of hazardous substances, and then disposed of. 14. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that the process is carried out in the same manner as in the supply chamber. 15. During operation due to the flow rate of the gas pumped at its outlet from the purification chamber The method according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the degree of vacuum is controlled. 16. Claim 15, characterized in that the gas is pumped out after cleaning and cooling. The method described in.