JPH0732945Y2 - Turbine governor controller - Google Patents
Turbine governor controllerInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0732945Y2 JPH0732945Y2 JP1989000609U JP60989U JPH0732945Y2 JP H0732945 Y2 JPH0732945 Y2 JP H0732945Y2 JP 1989000609 U JP1989000609 U JP 1989000609U JP 60989 U JP60989 U JP 60989U JP H0732945 Y2 JPH0732945 Y2 JP H0732945Y2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- opening
- deflector
- speed
- load
- needle
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
Landscapes
- Control Of Water Turbines (AREA)
Description
【考案の詳細な説明】 A.産業上の利用分野 本考案は、水車の調速機制御装置に係り、特にペルトン
水車のデフレクタ制御装置に関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION A. Field of Industrial Application The present invention relates to a governor control device for a water turbine, and more particularly to a deflector control device for a Pelton turbine.
B.従来の技術 水力発電所の余水路省略や河川法の流量変化制限のある
水系の水力エネルギーの有効活用を図るためには水車流
量と発電電力とを別々に制御するのが望まれる。B. Conventional technology It is desirable to control the flow rate of the turbine and the generated power separately in order to omit the spillway of the hydroelectric power plant and to effectively utilize the hydroelectric energy of the water system with the flow rate restriction of the River Act.
ペルトン水車ではノズルからのニードルジェット水流を
パケットに作用させ、該ノズルには中央にニードルを有
して調速機によるニードル開度を変えて水量調整を行
い、ノズルとパケットとの間にデフレクタを有してジェ
ット水流の方向を調整可能にする。In the Pelton turbine, the needle jet water flow from the nozzle is applied to the packet, and the nozzle has a needle in the center to change the needle opening by the speed governor to adjust the water volume, and a deflector is installed between the nozzle and the packet. Having makes it possible to adjust the direction of the jet water flow.
そこで、ペルトン水車を適用できる水力発電所ではニー
ドルとデフレクタを別々に制御し、ニードルで流量制御
を行い、デフレクタで調整，発電電力を制御するように
している。Therefore, in a hydroelectric power plant to which the Pelton turbine can be applied, the needle and the deflector are separately controlled, the flow rate is controlled by the needle, the deflector is adjusted, and the generated power is controlled.
なお、デフレクタは、負荷急変時に一時的にジェット水
流の方向をパケットからそらせ、その間にニードルでノ
ズル出口を徐々に閉鎖してランナの速度上昇と水圧管内
の水圧上昇を制限するのにも利用される。The deflector is also used to temporarily deflect the direction of the jet water flow from the packet when the load suddenly changes, while gradually closing the nozzle outlet with a needle to limit the speed increase of the runner and the water pressure increase in the penstock. It
C.考案が解決しようとする課題 従来のペルトン水車の制御装置において、デフレクタは
系統事故や機器の故障による負荷しゃ断に対して急速閉
鎖され、水車の回転速度の上昇が抑えられる。この制御
態様は第２図に実線で示すようになる。時刻t1での負荷
しゃ断によって水車回転数が急上昇を始めるがデフレク
タ開度の急速閉鎖によって回転数の上昇が抑えられる。
この後、デフレクタは完全閉鎖（開度０％）になり、こ
の完全閉鎖（時刻t2）から回転速度の整定のために定率
で開度を上げて行く。この速度整定時に水車回転数は定
格回転以下となって再び数パーセントのオーバになる変
動を起こす。C. Problem to be solved by the device In the conventional Pelton turbine control device, the deflector is quickly closed against load interruption due to system accident or equipment failure, and the increase in rotational speed of the turbine is suppressed. This control mode is shown by the solid line in FIG. At time t 1 , the turbine cutoff speed starts to increase sharply due to the load cutoff, but the increase in rotation speed is suppressed by the rapid closing of the deflector opening.
After that, the deflector is completely closed (opening degree 0%), and from this complete closing (time t 2 ) the opening degree is increased at a constant rate to set the rotation speed. At the time of this speed settling, the rotational speed of the water turbine falls below the rated rotational speed, causing a fluctuation of several percent over again.
上述の回転数変動を詳細に説明する。まず、水車の定格
回転時のニードル開度とデフレクタ開度の関係は、第３
図実線Ａで示すように、ニードルの全負荷時開度におい
てデフレクタ開度は40％程度になる。この状態で負荷し
ゃ断が発生したとき、回転速度上昇によってデフレクタ
は全閉まで急閉鎖される。そして、回転速度の低下に伴
い、定速回転近く（第２図の時刻t2）になるとデフレク
タ制御装置はPID制御によって開動作を開始するが、無
負荷定格回転の開度（第２図のθ0）になるまでの時間T
0が10秒近くを要する。この間に水車の回転速度は定格
回転以下にまで低下しており、またその反動によって回
転速度を回復させるようデフレクタが開き過ぎて定格回
転をオーバしてしまう。The above-mentioned rotation speed fluctuation will be described in detail. First, the relationship between the needle opening and the deflector opening at the rated rotation of the water turbine is
As indicated by the solid line A in the figure, the deflector opening degree is about 40% at the full load opening degree of the needle. When the load is cut off in this state, the deflector is rapidly closed to the fully closed state due to the increase in rotation speed. When the rotation speed decreases and the rotation speed approaches a constant speed (time t 2 in FIG. 2 ), the deflector control device starts the opening operation by the PID control, but the opening degree of the no-load rated rotation (see FIG. 2). Time to reach θ 0 ) T
0 takes nearly 10 seconds. During this time, the rotation speed of the water turbine has fallen below the rated rotation, and the reaction of the water turbine causes the deflector to open too much to recover the rotation speed, thereby exceeding the rated rotation.
上述のような負荷しゃ断後の水車回転数変動は、系統事
故後に配電線単独運転や所内単独運転を行う場合に家庭
電化製品や所内補機に周波数変動による悪影響を及ぼ
す。The above-described fluctuation in the turbine rotational speed after the load is cut off adversely affects household electric appliances and auxiliary equipment in the office when the distribution line is operated independently or the operation is performed independently in the office after a system accident.
本考案の目的は、負荷しゃ断時の水車回転数の安定化及
び収束を早めるデフレクタ制御装置を提供することにあ
る。An object of the present invention is to provide a deflector control device that speeds up stabilization and convergence of the turbine rotational speed when the load is cut off.
D.課題を解決するための手段と作用 本考案は上記目的を達成するため、ペルトン水車のニー
ドル開度で流量を制御し、デフレクタ開度で調速・発電
電力を制御する調速機制御装置において、前記ニードル
開度を検出するニードル開度検出器と、水車の無負荷定
格運転でのニードル開度−デフレクタ開度特性に相似し
た特性を有し、前記ニードル開度検出器の検出値に応じ
てデフレクタ開度バイアス信号を発生し、負荷しゃ断時
に速度制御系からのデフレクタ開度の全閉指令にバイア
ス加算する開度バイアス発生器とを備え、デフレクタ開
度をバイアス加算によって速度制御系からのデフレクタ
の全閉から開指令の発生に無負荷開度まで開くのに要す
る時間を短縮すると共に回転数変動を少なくし、またデ
フレクタが開きを残しておくことで水車に対してブレー
キ効果を起こし、回転速度の定格への下降を早める。D. Means and Actions for Solving the Problems In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention is a speed governor control device that controls the flow rate by the needle opening of a Pelton turbine and controls the speed / generated electric power by the deflector opening. In, the needle opening detector for detecting the needle opening, the needle opening in the no-load rated operation of the water turbine-having characteristics similar to the deflector opening characteristics, the detection value of the needle opening detector A deflector opening bias signal is generated accordingly, and an opening bias generator that adds a bias to the fully closed command of the deflector opening from the speed control system when the load is cut off is provided from the speed control system by bias addition. The time required to open the deflector from fully closed to the no-load opening for the generation of an open command is reduced, fluctuations in rotational speed are reduced, and the deflector is left open to prevent water Causing the brake effect on, hasten the descent to the rating of the rotation speed.
E.実施例 第１図は本考案の一実施例を示す調速機制御装置の要部
ブロック図である。速度設定器１は定格回転速度に設定
され、これと比較する水車速度検出信号は水車発電機に
直結の歯車２と磁気スイッチ３によるパルス数検出及び
該パルス数を電圧信号に変換する周波数−電圧変換器４
によって与えられる。E. Embodiment FIG. 1 is a block diagram of essential parts of a governor control device showing an embodiment of the present invention. The speed setter 1 is set to the rated rotation speed, and the turbine speed detection signal to be compared with this is the frequency-voltage for detecting the number of pulses by the gear 2 and the magnetic switch 3 directly connected to the turbine generator and converting the number of pulses into a voltage signal. Converter 4
Given by.
速度設定値と速度検出信号の偏差は速度制御増幅器５に
よってPID演算され、さらに負荷制限回路６によって設
定器6Aによる制限がなされてデフレクタ開度指令にされ
る。この開度指令とデフレクタ開度検出器７の検出信号
が比較され、さらに調速開始スイッチ８を通してデフレ
クタ開度制御増幅器９によるPID演算がなされてデフレ
クタのサーボ駆動装置10に制御信号として与えられる。The deviation between the speed set value and the speed detection signal is PID-calculated by the speed control amplifier 5, and further, the load limiter circuit 6 limits it by the setter 6A to give a deflector opening command. The opening command and the detection signal of the deflector opening detector 7 are compared, and the deflector opening control amplifier 9 performs PID calculation through the speed control start switch 8 to provide the deflector servo drive device 10 with a control signal.
上述までの調速制御回路は従来と同等のもので、本実施
例ではニードル開度検出器11と、この検出信号に応じて
発生するバイアス信号をデフレクタ開度指令に加算する
開度バイアス発生器12を設けている。開度バイアス発生
器12はニードル開度検出信号に対して第３図の特性Ａ
（無負荷回転速度特性）を５〜10％下にシフトした値を
持つ特性Ｃに従った出力を得る。The speed control circuit up to the above is equivalent to the conventional one, and in this embodiment, the needle opening detector 11 and the opening bias generator for adding the bias signal generated according to this detection signal to the deflector opening command. 12 are provided. The opening bias generator 12 responds to the needle opening detection signal by the characteristic A shown in FIG.
An output according to the characteristic C having a value obtained by shifting the (no-load rotational speed characteristic) by 5 to 10% is obtained.
このようなバイアス加算を行う調速制御を以下に詳細に
説明する。The speed control for performing such bias addition will be described in detail below.
負荷しゃ断が発生したとき、従来では水車の回転数上昇
によって負荷制限回路６からのデフレクタ開度指令が急
速に全閉側に変化し、その後に回転速度の下降に従って
デフレクタ開指令が出力される。ここで、負荷制限回路
６からのデフレクタ全閉指令があるも、ニードル開度に
応じて開度バイアス発生器12からバイアス分がデフレク
タ開度信号として与えられ、デフレクタ開度は第２図の
破線Ｄで示すようにバイアス分θBに維持される。When a load cutoff occurs, conventionally, the deflector opening command from the load limiting circuit 6 rapidly changes to the fully closed side due to the increase in the rotational speed of the water turbine, and then the deflector open command is output as the rotational speed decreases. Here, even if there is a deflector full-close command from the load limiting circuit 6, a bias component is given as a deflector opening signal from the opening bias generator 12 according to the needle opening, and the deflector opening is a broken line in FIG. The bias component θ B is maintained as indicated by D.
このバイアス加算により、水車の回転速度下降が定格回
転に近づいたときに速度制御系から与えられるデフレク
タ開指令に従って無負荷開度θOまで開くのに従来は全
閉からの長い時間T0になるのに対して、本実施例ではバ
イアス分θBからθOまでの短い時間T1（従来の1/3〜1/
5）になる。このため、水車は定格回転速度を下回るこ
となく、速やかに定格回転速度に収束させることができ
る。By this bias addition, it takes a long time T 0 from full closing to open to the no-load opening θ O according to the deflector opening command given from the speed control system when the rotation speed decrease of the turbine approaches the rated rotation. On the other hand, in this embodiment, the short time T 1 from the bias component θ B to θ O (1/3 to 1/1 /
5). Therefore, the water turbine can be promptly converged to the rated rotation speed without falling below the rated rotation speed.
また、ペルトン水車において、回転速度の下降は、ニー
ドルから吐出される水柱（ニードルジェット）をデフレ
クタにより完全にそらし、水車の慣性のみで下降する場
合よりも、ある程度ニードルジェットを水車ランナのパ
ケットに当てたほうが水流の乱れによるブレーキ効果を
生み、水車下降を早める。このブレーキ効果はデフレク
タ開度で10〜30％程度になる。このことから、本実施例
のバイアス分加算は従来のデフレクタ全閉時に比べて回
転速度の下降を早め、負荷しゃ断から定格回転までの復
帰時間を短縮する。第２図の破線Ｅは本実施例による水
車回転速度変化を示す。In addition, in the Pelton turbine, the decrease in the rotation speed causes the water jet (needle jet) discharged from the needle to be completely deflected by the deflector, and the needle jet is applied to the turbine runner packet to a certain extent compared to the case where the turbine is lowered only by the inertia of the turbine. The one produces a braking effect due to the turbulence of the water flow and accelerates the descent of the water turbine. This braking effect is about 10 to 30% at the deflector opening. From this, the bias component addition of the present embodiment accelerates the decrease of the rotation speed as compared with the conventional full closing of the deflector, and shortens the recovery time from the load cutoff to the rated rotation. A broken line E in FIG. 2 shows a change in the rotational speed of the water turbine according to this embodiment.
F.考案の効果 以上のとおり、本考案によれば、負荷しゃ断時にデフレ
クタの全閉指令に無負荷定格特性のバイアス分を加算す
るようにしたため、負荷しゃ断に水車回転速度の速やか
な定格回転への収束及び安定化を図ることができ、系統
故障による単独運転や所内単独運転における周波数の変
動を少なくし家庭電化製品や発電所内機器に対する周波
数変動の悪影響を最小限に抑えることができる。特に、
本考案では、デフレクタの開度バイアスをニードル開度
検出器の検出値に応じて変えるため、発電機の負荷状態
に応じたバイアスを与えることができ、負荷状態に拘わ
らずデフレクタのバイアス開度を適切にし、負荷状態に
拘わらず水車回転速度の速やかな定格回転への収束及び
安定化を得ることができる。F. Effects of the Invention As described above, according to the present invention, since the bias component of the no-load rating characteristic is added to the full-close command of the deflector when the load is cut off, the load turbine can be quickly rotated to the rated rotation speed when the load is cut off. Can be converged and stabilized, and frequency fluctuations in islanding due to system failure and in islanding alone can be reduced, and adverse effects of frequency fluctuations on home appliances and power station equipment can be minimized. In particular,
In the present invention, since the deflector opening bias is changed according to the detection value of the needle opening detector, a bias according to the load state of the generator can be applied, and the bias opening of the deflector can be set regardless of the load state. The turbine rotation speed can be properly converged to the rated rotation speed and stabilized regardless of the load condition.
第１図は本考案の一実施例を示すブロック図、第２図は
従来と実施例での負荷しゃ断時の波形図、第３図はペル
トン水車のニードルとデフレクタの無負荷定格特性図で
ある。 １……速度設定器、５……速度制御増幅器、６……負荷
制限回路、７……デフレクタ開度検出器、９……デフレ
クタ開度制御増幅器、10……サーボ駆動装置、11……ニ
ードル開度検出器、12……開度バイアス発生器。FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a waveform diagram at the time of load interruption in the prior art and the embodiment, and FIG. 3 is a no-load rated characteristic diagram of a needle and a deflector of a Pelton turbine. . 1 ... Speed setting device, 5 ... Speed control amplifier, 6 ... Load limit circuit, 7 ... Deflector opening detector, 9 ... Deflector opening control amplifier, 10 ... Servo drive device, 11 ... Needle Opening detector, 12 …… Opening bias generator.
Claims (1)
し、デフレクタ開度で調速・発電電力を制御する調速機
制御装置において、 前記ニードル開度を検出するニードル開度検出器と、 水車の無負荷定格運転でのニードル開度−デフレクタ開
度特性に相似した特性を有し、前記ニードル開度検出器
の検出値に応じてデフレクタ開度バイアス信号を発生
し、負荷しゃ断時に速度制御系からのデフレクタ開度の
全閉指令にバイアス加算する開度バイアス発生器とを備
えたことを特徴とする水車の調速機制御装置。1. A speed governor control device for controlling flow rate by needle opening of a Pelton turbine and controlling speed governing / generated electric power by deflector opening, wherein a needle opening detector for detecting the needle opening, It has a characteristic similar to the needle opening-deflector opening characteristic in the no-load rated operation of a water turbine, and generates a deflector opening bias signal according to the detection value of the needle opening detector to control the speed when the load is cut off. A speed governor control device for a water turbine, comprising: an opening bias generator that adds a bias to a fully closed command of a deflector opening from a system.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1989000609U JPH0732945Y2 (en) | 1989-01-07 | 1989-01-07 | Turbine governor controller |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1989000609U JPH0732945Y2 (en) | 1989-01-07 | 1989-01-07 | Turbine governor controller |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0292069U JPH0292069U (en) | 1990-07-20 |
| JPH0732945Y2 true JPH0732945Y2 (en) | 1995-07-31 |
Family
ID=31199790
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1989000609U Expired - Lifetime JPH0732945Y2 (en) | 1989-01-07 | 1989-01-07 | Turbine governor controller |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0732945Y2 (en) |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS60219471A (en) * | 1984-04-16 | 1985-11-02 | Fuji Electric Co Ltd | Control of pelton water-wheel |
-
1989
- 1989-01-07 JP JP1989000609U patent/JPH0732945Y2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH0292069U (en) | 1990-07-20 |
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