JPH07328038A - Intraosseous implant - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide a two-stage intraosseous implant constituted of an end collar section and a lower main body section, easily brought into contact and connection with a bone, suppressing bone absorption, and capable of suppressing infection and inflammation to the utmost by setting the maximum surface roughness of the collar section to a prescribed value. CONSTITUTION:In a two-stage intraosseous implant 1 constituted of an end collor section 1a and a lower main body section 1b, the maximum surface roughness of the collar section la is set to 3-10mum. Since bone cells prefer fine irregularities to a mirror finished surface, the affinity between the collar section 1a and a bone is increased when such irregularities are applied to the collar section 1a. As the maximum surface roughness is made smaller than 3mum, the affinity with the bone is decreased, and the resistance against bone absorption is remarkably decreased. As the maximum surface roughness is made larger than 10mum, the direct contact strength between the bone and the implant is increased, however plaque is easily stuck to the irregularities, bacteria in a mouth cavity are easily bred, and bone absorption easily occurs through infection and inflammation.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an intraosseous implant. More specifically, the present invention relates to a new endosseous implant having good biocompatibility, which is useful as a dental or maxillofacial prosthesis.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art At present, there are two types of endosseous implants in the dental field: a cylinder type and a blade type. Of these, three types of cylinder type intraosseous implants having a cylindrical appearance are roughly classified into a columnar shape, a conical shape, and a screw shape (including a taper screw). The blade type also has a plate-like appearance.

There are two methods of implanting these intraosseous implants, a "double implant method" and a "single implant method". In the former method, the implant is completely embedded in the bone at the time of implanting and the gingiva is incised several months later. And attach the superstructure to the implant. On the other hand, in the latter case, the implant penetrates through the bone at the time of implantation and is exposed in the oral cavity. Therefore, it is not necessary to incise the gingiva when the superstructure is attached. Corresponding to such a difference, the length of the brim of the two-step intraosseous implant is 0.5 to 2
mm compared to 5 for single-dose intraosseous implants
It will be about 10 mm.

Regarding the implant surface that comes into contact with bone after implantation, a relatively smooth machined surface, physical treatment (sandblasting method, thermal spraying method typified by plasma spraying, etc.), chemical Treatment (acid etching,
The surface may be roughened by anodic oxidation or the like or a combination thereof. However, in general, when the surface is roughened, the invasion of food and miscellaneous bacteria from the oral cavity is likely to cause infection and inflammation in the cervical part of the intraosseous implant, resulting in the progress of bone resorption and the resulting implant. However, if the surface is smooth, even if food or oral bacteria invades, it can be washed with a toothbrush and infection and inflammation are less likely to occur.

[0005] Therefore, conventionally, an end portion having a smooth surface, which is commonly called "a collar portion", is provided on the upper part of the intraosseous implant, and a "main body portion" having a roughened surface is provided on the lower portion of the collar portion. The provided ones are provided. In this case, the surface roughness of each of the collar portion and the body portion is uniform. From the perspective of increasing the intraosseous maintenance power of the implant by contacting the surface of the bone and the intraosseous implant as much as possible, it is important to roughen the surface of the implant and increase its surface area. This is advantageous for improving sustainability. In addition, roughening the surface improves bone affinity and consequently increases the contact area between bone and material. On the other hand, it is desirable that the surface that contacts the gingiva be smooth, and if possible be a mirror surface.

Maintaining the implant in the bone is generally based mainly on a mechanical anchoring effect by a screw, unevenness, protrusion, or the like. Various metals such as titanium, titanium alloys and stainless steel, and various ceramics such as alumina and zirconia are known as materials constituting the intraosseous implant. Further, bioactive glass, bioactive crystallized glass, bioactive material simple substance such as hydroxyapatite or the like is coated on the main body surface by various methods such as an adhesion method, a fusion method, a thermal spraying method and an ion plating method. Therefore, attempts have been made to increase the bone retention power by chemical bonding.

[0007]

However, in the case of the conventional intraosseous implant composed of the brim portion and the main body portion as described above, in order to suppress infection and inflammation due to invasion of bacteria, the brim of the implant is suppressed. Since the part has a smooth surface, there is a drawback that it is difficult to contact and bond with bone. In order to improve such a problem, it is naturally conceivable to roughen the collar portion, but just roughening the surface rather than suppressing the occurrence of infection and inflammation as described above, rather, Promotes inconvenience, and
This causes the problem of promoting bone resorption.

[0008] Therefore, the present invention provides a new intraosseous implant which solves the above problems and is apt to contact and bond with bones, suppress bone resorption, and suppress infection and inflammation as much as possible. The purpose is to do.

[0009]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems by saying, "In an intraosseous implant for a double procedure consisting of an end collar portion and a main body portion below the end collar portion, the maximum of the end collar portion is required. An intraosseous implant (claim 1) characterized in that the surface roughness is 3-10 μm.

According to the present invention, in a single-dose intraosseous implant composed of an end collar portion and a body portion below the collar portion, the maximum surface roughness of the collar portion which comes into contact with the bone at the time of implantation is 3 to 3.
The intraosseous implant (claim 2) "is characterized in that it has a diameter of 10 μm and the maximum surface roughness of the collar portion that comes into contact with the gingiva is 3 μm or less. Furthermore, the present invention relates to the above-mentioned intraosseous implant, “intraosseous implant having a surface roughness of the main body part of 10 to 100 μm (claim 3)”, “titanium and titanium alloy for the collar part and the main body part, An intraosseous implant comprising at least one of those oxides or composites (claim 4) "," an intraosseous implant comprising a body portion or a surface in contact with the bone made of a bioactive material (claim 5) ", And, in the sixth aspect of the present invention, "the surface of the main body portion that contacts the bone is made of a bioactive material, and the collar portion is made of titanium, titanium alloy,
An endosseous implant (claim 6) consisting of at least one of these oxides or composites is also provided.

[0011]

In the intraosseous implant of the present invention, as described above, the collar portion has fine irregularities having a specific surface roughness. That is, since bone cells prefer finer unevenness than a mirror surface, it is possible to increase the affinity between the brim and bone by imparting unevenness with a maximum surface roughness of 5 to 10 μm to the brim of the implant for the double implant method. (Claim 1) in this case,
The smaller the maximum surface roughness is less than 3 μm, the lower the affinity with bone and the significantly lower the resistance to bone resorption. Further, if the thickness is larger than 10 μm, the direct contact force between the bone and the implant increases, but plaque is likely to adhere to the uneven portion, bacteria in the oral cavity are easily propagated, and bone resorption easily occurs due to infection / inflammation. . Further, in the present invention,
For example, in the one-time implant, in order to suppress infection / inflammation, the portion that comes into contact with the gingiva at the time of implantation is preferably 3 μm or less (claim 2).

In any case, it is preferable that the main body has a surface having a high bone affinity and a maximum surface roughness of 10 to 100 μm. As the material of the intraosseous implant of the present invention, various metals such as stainless steel and various ceramics such as alumina and zirconia can be used as in the conventional case, but titanium, titanium alloys, or oxides or composites thereof. The body is preferred, and in the part that comes into contact with the bone, bioactive materials such as bioactive glass, bioactive crystallized glass, and hydroxyapatite, and bioactive materials coated with the above various metals and ceramics are preferable. It is preferable because improvement in the bone maintenance power is expected.
Needless to say, various aspects are possible in terms of the size, size, shape, etc. of the intraosseous implant of the present invention.

The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to examples, but the invention is not limited thereto.

[0014]

EXAMPLES Example 1 FIG. 1 illustrates an implant (1) for a two-step method according to the present invention. The intraosseous implant (1) is completely implanted in the bone (4) below the gingiva (3). A few times after the implantation, the gingiva (3) is incised and the superstructure is attached to the endosseous implant (1). The endosseous implant (1) was made of metallic titanium.

The maximum surface roughness of the collar portion (1a) contacting the bone (4) is 3 to 10 μm, and the maximum surface roughness of the main body portion (1b) is 30 to 50 μm. With such a constitution, a good affinity for the bone (4) composed of the compact bone (4a) and the cancellous bone (4b) is obtained, and further, the infection,
It was possible to minimize the occurrence of inflammation and bone resorption. Example 2 FIG. 2 illustrates a one-time implant (2) of the present invention. It is composed of a collar portion (2a) (2b) and a main body portion (2c). Of these, the maximum surface roughness of the collar portion (2a) contacting the gingiva is 3 μm or less, and the maximum surface roughness of the collar portion (2b) contacting the bone is 3 to 10 μm.
m, and the maximum surface roughness of the main body was set to 30 to 50 μm. The endosseous implant (2) was made of titanium alloy.

The above-mentioned intraosseous implant has a good affinity for any of the gingiva (3), the soft tissue, the bone (4a) composed of the compact bone (4a) and the cancellous bone (4b), and infection and inflammation. , Bone resorption was also effectively suppressed. Example 3 In Example 2, the main body (2c) was coated with bioactive glass as its surface layer. Example 2
Similar to the above, the effect was good. Comparative Example 1 In Example 1, the maximum surface roughness of the collar portion (1a) was set to 1
It was 5 μm.

In this case, the plaque was liable to adhere and the effect of suppressing infection, inflammation and bone resorption was not sufficient. Comparative Example 2 In Example 2, the collar portion (2
The maximum surface roughness of a) was 5 μm.

The effect of suppressing infection, inflammation and bone resorption was not sufficient.

[0019]

As described above, according to the present invention, an intraosseous implant having a good affinity for both gingival soft tissue and bone can be prepared, and infection and inflammation can be prevented.
Furthermore, bone resorption can be minimized. That is, the endosseous implant of the present invention can function in a living body for a long period of time.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a conceptual view seen from the side when the dental implant of Example 1 is implanted in a living body.

FIG. 2 is a conceptual view seen from the side when the dental implant of Example 2 is implanted in a living body.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Two-step implant 1a Collar part (bone contact part at the time of implantation) 1b Main body part 2 One-step implant 2a Collar part (gingival contact part at the time of implantation) 2b Collar part (bone contact part at the time of implantation) 2c Main part 3 Gingiva 4 Bone 4a Compact bone 4b Cancellous bone

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. An intraosseous implant for two-step method comprising an end collar portion and a body portion below the collar portion, wherein the maximum surface roughness of the collar portion is 3 to 10 μm. 2. An intraosseous implant for one-time use, comprising an end collar portion and a main body portion below the collar portion, wherein the collar portion which comes into contact with the bone at the time of implantation has a maximum surface roughness of 3 to 10 μm, and gingiva. An intraosseous implant characterized in that the maximum surface roughness of the collar portion that contacts with is 3 μm or less. 3. The intraosseous implant according to claim 1, wherein the surface roughness of the main body is 10 to 100 μm. 4. The intraosseous implant according to claim 1, wherein the collar portion and the body portion are made of at least one of titanium, titanium alloys, oxides or composites thereof. 5. The intraosseous implant according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the main body part or a surface of the main body part that comes into contact with bone is made of a bioactive material. 6. The endosseous implant according to claim 5, wherein the collar portion is made of at least one of titanium, titanium alloy, oxides thereof, and composites thereof.