JPH07328037A - Intraosseous implant - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide an intraosseous implant excellent in intraosseous mainteance strength and having resistance against infection and inflammation by continuously increasing the surface roughness of the portion brought into contact with a bone from the upper section on the contact side with gums to the lower section implanted in a jaw bone at the time of implantation. CONSTITUTION:A cylindrical implant preform is made of pure titanium, for example, 2mm from the upper face is masked, for example, and blast processing is applied with a #220 sand blast material. 4 mm, 6mm, 8mm from the upper face are masked in sequence, for example, and sand blast processing is applied to #60, #36, #30 sand blast materials respectively. A portion 1 having the maximum roughness of about 1mum, or below, a portion 2 of about 10mum, a portion 3 of about 25mum, a portion 4 of about 35mum, and a portion 5 of about 50mum are formed in steps of about 2mm from the upper section of an impant, and the cylinder type intraosseous implant increasing the surface roughness in steps is obtained. This implant suppresses the bone absorption by infection and inflammation at a tooth neck section and increases the intraosseous maintenance force.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an intraosseous implant. More specifically, the present invention relates to endosseous implants useful as dental and maxillofacial prostheses.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art At present, two types of intraosseous implants in the dental field are known, a cylinder type and a blade type. Of these, the cylinder type implants having a cylindrical appearance shape are roughly classified into three types: a columnar shape, a conical shape, and a screw shape (including a taper screw). Further, the blade type has a plate-like appearance.

There are two methods of implanting these intraosseous implants, a "double implant method" and a "single implant method". In the former method, the implant is completely embedded in the bone at the time of implanting and the gingiva is incised several months later. And attach the superstructure to the implant. On the other hand, in the latter case, since the implant penetrates the inside of the bone at the time of implantation and is exposed in the oral cavity, it is not necessary to incise the gingiva when the superstructure is attached. Corresponding to such a difference, the length of the brim of the double-dose endosseous implant is 0.5 to 2 mm, while that of the single-dose endosseous implant is 5 to 10 mm.
It will be about mm.

Regarding the implant surface that comes into contact with bone after implantation, a relatively smooth machined surface, physical treatment (sandblasting method, thermal spraying method typified by plasma spraying, etc.), and chemical treatment are used. Treatment (acid etching,
The surface may be roughened by anodic oxidation or the like or a combination thereof. However, in general, when the surface is roughened, the invasion of food and miscellaneous bacteria from the oral cavity is likely to cause infection and inflammation in the cervical part of the intraosseous implant, resulting in the progress of bone resorption and the resulting implant. However, if the surface is smooth, even if food or oral bacteria invades, it can be washed with a toothbrush and infection and inflammation are less likely to occur.

[0005] Therefore, conventionally, an end portion having a smooth surface, which is commonly called "a collar portion", is provided on the upper part of the intraosseous implant, and a "main body portion" having a roughened surface is provided on the lower portion of the collar portion. The provided ones are provided. In this case, the surface roughness of each of the collar portion and the body portion is uniform. From the perspective of increasing the intraosseous maintenance power of the implant by contacting the surface of the bone and the intraosseous implant as much as possible, it is important to roughen the surface of the implant and increase its surface area. This is advantageous for improving sustainability. In addition, roughening the surface improves bone affinity and consequently increases the contact area between bone and material. On the other hand, it is desirable that the surface that contacts the gingiva be smooth, and if possible be a mirror surface.

Maintaining the implant in the bone is generally based mainly on a mechanical anchoring effect by a screw, unevenness, protrusion, or the like. Various metals such as titanium, titanium alloys and stainless steel, and various ceramics such as alumina and zirconia are known as materials constituting the intraosseous implant. Further, bioactive glass, bioactive crystallized glass, bioactive material simple substance such as hydroxyapatite or the like is coated on the main body surface by various methods such as an adhesion method, a fusion method, a thermal spraying method and an ion plating method. Therefore, attempts have been made to increase the bone retention power by chemical bonding.

[0007]

However, in the case of the conventional intraosseous implants as described above, both the intraosseous maintenance power and the resistance to infection and inflammation can be satisfied practically. It is difficult to do so, and no clues for it have been found. Therefore, an object of the present invention is to solve the above problems and to provide an improved intraosseous implant that is excellent in intraosseous maintenance power and resistant to infection and inflammation.

[0008]

As a solution to the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides, in a cylinder-type or blade-type intraosseous implant, the surface roughness of the portion that comes into contact with the bone when implanting is There is provided an intraosseous implant (claim 1) characterized in that it is continuously increasing from the upper part on the side in contact with the lower part to be embedded in the jawbone.

The present invention also provides an "intraosseous implant in which the surface roughness of the intraosseous implant gradually increases from the upper portion to the lower portion (claim 2)". Furthermore, the present invention relates to the above-mentioned intraosseous implant,
“Intraosseous implant having a maximum surface roughness of 15 μm or less at the top and 100 μm or less at the bottom” (claim 3)
Or "intraosseous implant provided with an upper brim (claim 4)", "intraosseous implant made of titanium, titanium alloy or oxide thereof (claim 5)",
An “intraosseous implant (claim 6) in which all or a part of the material which comes into contact with bone or the body portion is a bioactive material” is also provided.

[0010]

In the implant of the present invention, as described above, the roughness of the surface that comes into contact with the bone at the time of implanting the implant increases from the upper part (the side that contacts the gingiva) to the lower part (within the jawbone). Not only can inflammation be prevented, but it can be expected that the contact area between the bone and the material in the jawbone is improved, and the sustainability is improved by increasing the surface area. In this case, the surface roughness may be continuously increased (Claim 1) or the surface roughness may be increased stepwise (Claim 2). Moreover, the maximum surface roughness at this time is 15 μm or less in the upper part of the implant,
If possible, it is preferably 5 μm or less, most preferably 1 μm or less. The lower part is preferably 100 or less, and preferably 30 to 50 μm (claim 3).

In order to prevent infection and inflammation, it is preferable to provide a brim portion, for example, in a double-dose implant (claim 4). Further, in the implant for the one-time method, it is preferable to provide a brim portion on the surface which comes into contact with the gingiva at the time of implantation. As such a material for the intraosseous implant of the present invention,
As before, various metals such as stainless steel, alumina,
Various ceramics such as zirconia can be used, but titanium, titanium alloys or oxides thereof are preferable (claim 5). Further, the part that comes into contact with the bone is bioactive glass, bioactive crystallized glass, bioactive materials such as hydroxyapatite, and those in which the bioactive material is coated with the above-mentioned various metals and ceramics are expected to improve the bone retention power. This is preferable (claim 6).

Of course, various embodiments are possible in terms of size, size, shape, etc. of the intraosseous implant of the present invention. Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0013]

Example 1 A columnar implant base material (diameter 4 mm, length 10 mm) was made of pure titanium, and 2 m from the upper surface of the implant.
m was masked and sandblasted with # 220 blast material. Then 4mm from the top and 6m from the top
m, masking 8 mm from the upper surface, # 60,
Sandblasting treatment was carried out with the blast material of # 36 and # 30. As a result, as illustrated in FIG. 1, a portion (1) having a maximum surface roughness of about 1 μm or less, a portion (2) having a maximum surface roughness of about 1 μm, a portion (2) having a maximum surface roughness of about 25 μm, a portion (3) having a maximum surface roughness of about 35 μm. A cylindrical type intraosseous implant having a stepwise increasing surface roughness was obtained, which was a part (4) of (4) and a part (5) of about 50 μm.

This endosseous implant suppresses bone resorption due to infection and inflammation in the cervical region and enhances the intraosseous maintenance power. Example 2 On the surface of the same implant base material as in Example 1, about 2 mm was masked from the implant upper surface, and pure titanium powder (particle size 45 μm or less) was plasma sprayed. As a result,
In about 2 mm from the top of the implant, the maximum surface roughness is about 1 μm or less (1), about 10 μm (2), about 25 μm (3), about 35 μm (4), about 50 μm. A cylinder type intraosseous implant having a gradual increase in surface roughness, which is the portion (5), was obtained.

This intraosseous implant suppresses bone resorption due to infection and inflammation in the cervical region, and enhances intraosseous maintenance power. Comparative Example The same surface of the implant base material as in Example 1 was sandblasted with a blast material so that the maximum surface roughness of the entire surface was about 20 μm.

[0016] This product was not completely satisfactory in terms of suppression of infection and inflammation, and maintaining power in bone.

[0017]

As described above, according to the present invention, the surface roughness of the implant that comes into contact with the bone increases continuously or stepwise from the upper part to the lower part. Absorption can be suppressed, and
It is possible to provide an implant having a high maintenance power in bone. The function ratio of the intraosseous implant can be improved and it can be used for a long time.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an example implant.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Part with surface roughness of 1 μm or less 2 Part with surface roughness of about 10 μm 3 Part with surface roughness of about 25 μm 4 Part with surface roughness of about 35 μm 5 Part with surface roughness of about 50 μm 6 Post hole

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. In a cylinder-type or blade-type intraosseous implant, the surface roughness of the part that comes into contact with the bone during implant implantation is continuous from the upper part on the side that contacts the gingiva to the lower part that is embedded in the jawbone. Intraosseous implants characterized by an increase in 2. A cylinder-type or blade-type intraosseous implant, wherein the surface roughness of the portion that comes into contact with the bone during implant implantation is increased stepwise from the upper part to the lower part. . 3. The intraosseous implant according to claim 1, wherein the maximum surface roughness is 15 μm or less at the uppermost portion and 100 μm or less at the lowermost portion. 4. The intraosseous implant according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein an upper brim portion is provided. 5. The endosseous implant comprises at least one of titanium, titanium alloys or oxides thereof.
4 to any of the intraosseous implants. 6. The intraosseous implant according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a portion which comes into contact with bone, or all or a part of the main body is made of a bioactive material.