JPH0731501B2 - Touch data generator - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a touch data generation device used in an electronic musical instrument or the like.

[Prior Art and its Problems] An electronic musical instrument having a function of reflecting a key pressing speed (touch speed) or a key pressing force on a musical sound, that is, a so-called touch response function is known. In order to realize such a touch response function, touch data is generated by detecting the key pressing speed or the key pressing force with respect to the key which is the performance input operator by some method, and the touch data is passed to the musical tone generator side. A generator is required.

As an example of this type of touch data generation device,
-4418 and Japanese Patent Publication No. 53-5545.

FIG. 11 is a drawing extracted from these patent publications. In this system, a contact switch 1 that operates in conjunction with the keys on the keyboard is provided, the clock 2 is counted by the counter 6 for the moving time of the switch 1 which is inversely proportional to the key pressing speed, and the counted value is decoded by the decoder 7 And converting into touch data via the memory 9.

In the illustrated example, the counter 6 has a very limited length of 4 bits for convenience of explanation.

As a practical value of the resolution of the movement time of the switch 1, for example,
50 microseconds, as a practical value for the longest measuring time
If you choose 200 ms, the counter will be 400 in this case.
It requires the ability to take on the 0 state and therefore must be configured with 12 bits.

When this is arranged in each key, for example, for a 76-key keyboard, a counter corresponding to a total of 76 × 12 = 912 bits is required, and the capacity of the decoder 7 and the memory 9 for converting the output is also in accordance with this. The size of the entire circuit becomes very large. The main reason for this is
It is considered that the time resolution (speed of clock 2) is constant and is independent of the key touch.

Examining the relationship between human sensation and key touch, there is a difference in the time resolution that is considered effective when the key is tapped quickly, normally and when it is tapped slowly, and conventional examples ignore this completely. It seems that this leads to the waste of the circuit.

[Object of the Invention] An object of the present invention is to provide a touch data generation device capable of eliminating the waste of such a circuit, simplifying the circuit scale, and generating touch data of the same quality.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to achieve the above object, the present invention has a switch means that operates in conjunction with the operation of an operator, a clock generating means that generates a plurality of types of clocks having different cycles, and an operation of the switch means. Counting means for counting the time between the start time and the operation end time based on any one of the clocks generated by the clock generation means, and the counting means for counting the time from the clock generation means based on the counting contents of the counting means. It is characterized in that it comprises: switching means for switching the clock supplied to the means, and touch data generating means for generating touch data based on the count value of the counting means.

[Examples] Examples of the present invention will be described below.

<First Embodiment> First, the first embodiment will be described.

FIG. 1 shows a main part of the first embodiment, that is, a circuit configuration of a touch response detection device (touch data generation device) in a keyboard electronic musical instrument. The key switch represented by 1 is arranged under various kinds of keyboards, and normally its movable arm is connected to the terminal 1a as shown in the figure, and is separated from the terminal 1a by interlocking with the key depression. The structure is such that it moves toward the terminal 1b. Both terminals 1a and 1b are power supply + V
When it is not in contact with the movable arm of the key switch 1, it becomes a high level (logic "1"), and when in contact, it becomes a low level (logic "0") via the grounded movable arm. Therefore, in the normal state where no key is pressed, the terminal 1a keeps "0" and the terminal 1b keeps "1".
Both become "1", and the terminal 1b changes to "0" when the key switch 1 is pressed all the way down. In this embodiment, the time until the movable arm of the switch 1 separates from the terminal 1a and reaches the terminal 1b,
That is, a signal representing a time substantially inversely proportional to the key pressing speed is used and measured as a touch data generation source.

In the remaining circuit configuration of FIG. 1, according to the present invention, the counting means for counting the time from the operation start time to the operation end time of the key switch 1 by a variable clock, and the speed of the clock given to the counting means, It is a structural example of the control means for variably controlling the cycle according to the output of the counting means.

First, 2 is a clock generator that generates a plurality of divided clocks from a basic clock φ (for example, a cycle of 50 μsec),
An example of the output is shown in FIG.

Reference numeral 3 is a clock selector that selects one of the divided outputs output from the basic clock and the clock generator 2 from the output from the counter 6, here, the upper 3 bits of data. It is shown in FIG.

Reference numeral 6 is a counter for counting a variable clock, which has an 8-bit configuration here and is used as a down counter for measuring the time signal from the key switch 1 with the variable clock selected by the clock selector 3. The measured value of the counter 6 is used as touch data in a tone generation circuit (not shown).

The gate circuits 4, 5, 7, and 8 are circuits that control the operation of the counter 6.

The operation of the first embodiment configured as above will be described below.
When the key switch 1 is in contact with the terminal 1a, that is, when no key is pressed in the normal state, the terminal 1a is at the logic "0" level. Therefore, the output of the inverter 7 is "1",
The counter 6 is set to the initial state of all 1.

With the start of key depression, both terminals 1a and 1b become "1", and the AND circuit 4 passes the clock from the clock selector 3. At the same time when the terminal 1a changes to logic "1", the output of the inverter 7 also becomes "0", the set input of the counter 6 becomes "0", and the counter 6 becomes a countable state as a down counter. At this stage, the AND circuit 8
Since the output of is "0", the AND circuit 5 is placed in the enabled state. Therefore, the clock selected by the clock selector 3 is supplied to the clock input of the counter 6 via the AND circuits 4 and 5.

The clock input to the counter 6 at this stage is the basic clock φ, that is, the fastest clock, and in this example, the upper 3 bits of the counter 6 are set to 11 by the clock selector 3.
Between 1, 110 and 101, in other words, the counter 6 has 2 ⁵ × 3
This highest speed clock φ is selected until 96 clocks are input. Subsequently, the clock 1/2 having the half speed is selected, and the counter 6 decrements at a time interval twice as long as the previous time (2φ) while 2 × 2 ⁵ = 64φ.
After that, the clocks are sequentially switched according to the selection logic of FIG.

FIG. 4 shows the output characteristic of the counter 6 with respect to the key depression time, that is, the time when the key switch 1 moves away from the terminal 1a and moves to the terminal 1b. As is clear from this figure, the output of the counter 6 has a characteristic of decreasing in inverse proportion to the key pressing time.

When the key switch 1 contacts the terminal 1b, the AND circuit 4 is prohibited and the clock supply to the counter 6 is cut off. As a result, the counter 6 stops counting, and the key pressing time measurement is completed. Since the above-mentioned change of the terminal 1b to the "0" level is a Key on signal to the musical tone generating circuit (not shown), the musical tone generating circuit side reads the output of the counter 6 at this time as touch data and generates a corresponding musical tone. Can be made.

The AND circuit 8 normally outputs "0", but is configured so as to output "1" when the counter outputs all reach "0".
If it takes an extremely long time to move from 1a to 1b, that is, if the key is pressed too slowly, the counter 6 should return to all "1" again and not continue counting. It has the role of forcibly stopping and completing the measurement of the counter 6 when all the levels are “0”.

Second Example Next, a second example will be described. FIG. 5 shows a main part of the second embodiment, that is, an overall configuration of a touch response device (touch data generation operation) in a keyboard electronic musical instrument. 9 is a key signal generator for a total of 76 keys,
FIG. 6 shows a circuit configuration for one key. A signal from the key switch 1 is sampled by the arithmetic circuit 10 in synchronization with the basic clock φ, and the first signal S1 is supplied to the terminal 1a via a delay flip-flop DFF synchronized with the basic clock φ.
And a second signal S2 is generated on the terminal 1b side via a one-shot circuit OS synchronized with the basic clock φ composed of two delay flip-flops DFF and an AND circuit G. The one-shot circuit OS is configured to generate a positive pulse for one cycle of the basic clock φ when the signal level of the terminal 1b changes from "1" to "0".
Therefore, as shown in the figure, when the key switch 1 is in the normal keyless state, the signal S1 is "0" and the signal S2 is also "0". While the key switch moves away from the terminal 1a and moves to the terminal 1b in response to the key depression, the signal S1 remains "1" and the signal S2 remains unchanged at "0". Key switch 1 is terminal 1b
When the signal S2 is pushed all the way to, the signal S2 becomes "1" during one cycle of the basic clock φ, and the signal S1 maintains "1". For convenience of illustration, the clock line to each delay flip-flop DFF is omitted.

The clock generation circuit 11 corresponds to the clock generator 2 in the first embodiment and outputs, for example, five types of divided clocks as shown in FIG.

The memory circuit 12 stores touch data or the like corresponding to each key on the keyboard, and has a configuration of 9 bits per key. As shown in FIG. 8, the data transfer processed flag MF has 1 bit and a count mode. 3 bits are assigned to MM and 5 bits are assigned to count data MD.

The arithmetic circuit 10 uses this 8-bit area of MM and MD as a counter corresponding to the 8-bit down counter 6 of the first embodiment, and for the data transfer processed flag MF,
KEY ON (pronunciation information) when touching the related key and rewriting from 0 to 1 when transferring touch data to the tone generation circuit (not shown), and KEY OFF (pronunciation information when releasing the related key) ) To “1” to “0”
Perform processing to return to. FIG. 9 shows the operation mode of the arithmetic circuit 10.

Next, the operation of the second embodiment configured as described above will be described with reference to FIG. First, in step S1, the arithmetic circuit 10 sets the address counter n indicating the key number as the leading value, and the storage circuit 12
Set the data transfer processed flag MF for all 76 keys in
The mode register MM is initialized to 7, and the 5-bit register MD is initialized to 0.

Thereafter, the arithmetic circuit 10 prepares the current address in step S3 each time the rising edge of the basic clock φ is detected in step S2, and the key signals S1, S2 and the mode register MM designated by the address in step S4 and thereafter. 5-bit register MD,
Flag MF, each divided output of clock generator 11 (1/2, 1 /
(3, 1/8, 1/10, 1/75 CNT) etc. are inspected and processed according to the flow, proceed to the next address in step S8 and return to step S3, and after processing 76 keys, proceed from step S9 to step S10. Then, the address is returned to the initial value and the process returns to step S2 to wait for the next rise of the basic clock. In this way, the arithmetic circuit 10 sums up every time the basic clock φ rises.
The information for 76 keys is processed, but for convenience of explanation, one key will be described as a representative.

First, in a normal state in which no key is pressed, MF = 0, MM = 7, MD = 0 corresponding to the key (initial value state), while S1 = 1 and S2 = 0. . Therefore, in such a normal state, the process starts from step S4.
It goes through steps S5, S6, and S7 to reach step S8. That is, it is merely confirmation of the states of S1, MM, MD, and MF, and no data change is performed.

Next, when the key is pressed, the key switch 1 is separated from the contact 1a and changes to S1 = 1. At this time, S2 = 0.
Therefore, the process proceeds from step S4 to step S11, and since S2 = 0 is confirmed here, the process proceeds to step S12. Since MM = 7 when there is no key, MM = 7 is confirmed at step S12 at the start of key depression. Therefore, in step S13, MM is set to 6 and MD is set to 31.

From then on, each time the state of this key is sampled, step
The MM value is determined in S12, and initially MM = 6 (due to the processing in the previous step S13), the step S14
If MD is not 0, MD is decremented by 1 each time (step S15). When MD becomes 0, MM is decremented by 1 (MM = 5 in this case) and MD is returned to 31 ( Step S16),
The above process is repeated, and when the MM becomes 5 and becomes 4,
In step S17, the frequency-divided output (1/2 of the basic clock φ on the first bit line from the clock generation circuit 11 (1
/ 2CNT) signal level is checked, and only in the case of "1", that is, only once in every two samples of the key state, branch to the original steps S14, S15, S16, and subtract the MD. To do. Further, if MM becomes 3 through MD = 0, step S18
Proceed to and check the 1/3 frequency-divided output (1 / 3CNT) of the basic clock φ on the second bit line of the clock generation circuit 11, and in the case of "1", perform MD as before. When MD becomes 0 in the 31st subtraction, MM is set to 2 and the process proceeds to step S19 at the next sample, and MD is subtracted only when 1 / 8CNT is “1”, and When MM becomes 1, proceed to step S20 and subtract MD only when 1/10 CNT is "1", and when MM finally becomes "0", inspect 1/75 CNT and only when it is "1" , MD is subtracted (steps S22 and S15). If MD also reaches 0 by this subtraction, the subtraction is aborted, and thereafter, S4.
->S11->S12->S21->S22-> S6 continue to rotate, and the values of MM and MD are fixed and maintained at binary values of all zeros.

In the actual key-depressing operation, the movable arm of the key switch 1 comes into contact with the terminal 1b at some point in the above-described MD and MF subtraction processing according to the key-depressing speed. When this happens,
The signal S2 temporarily changes to "1" by the operation of the one-shot circuit of FIG. 6 (S2 = 1, S1 = 1).

Therefore, during this sampling, the arithmetic operation circuit 10 proceeds to step 23 through steps S4 and S11, confirms that MF = 0, and then in step S24, KEY ON (n) corresponding to the key.
(Pronunciation information) and MD and MF values at this point are passed as touch data to a musical tone generation circuit (not shown) to generate a musical tone based on this information, and data transfer is performed as an indication of completion of data transfer (completion of pronunciation support). The processed flag MF is set to 1.

After that, as long as the key switch is in contact with the terminal 1b, the flow of steps S4 → S11 → S23 → S8 continues, and then,
When the key switch 1 separates from the terminal 1b and moves toward the original terminal 1a, it branches to the routine starting from step S12 via steps S4 and S11 (however, as is clear from the following explanation, MM, MD subtraction result at this stage is not used as touch data).

Now, when the key switch 1 returns to the terminal 1a, so-called chattering that the movable arm hits the terminal 1a once and then separates is caused to a greater or lesser extent. Then, on the arithmetic circuit 10 side, every time S1 = 0 indicating that the movable arm hits the terminal 1a is detected, the process proceeds to step S5, and if the MM value at that time is not 7, then MM is obtained in step S25.
Is set to 7 and MD is set to 31, and when MM = 7 is confirmed, subtraction is performed until MD becomes 0 (steps S6 and S15).
At the next sampling point when = 0
In S7, MF = 1 is confirmed, and in step S26, key release processing, that is, KEY OFF (n) (sound off information) is sent to a tone generation circuit (not shown) to perform release off processing such as release. Return the MF value to the original "0".

After the key switch 1 stands still at the terminal 1a, the keyless key confirmation flow (steps S4 → S5 → S6 → S7 → S8) described above is continued.

As is apparent from the above description, in the second embodiment, the arithmetic circuit 10 (control unit) monitors the time signal of key depression,
For each sampling, a predetermined bit line (divided output) from the clock generation circuit 11 is selected and inspected according to its elapsed time (more precisely, the value of the MM corresponding to the key), and only when it is active , MD and MM are subtracted, the 8-bit area of (MD + MM) in the memory circuit 12 is used as an 8-bit down counter that is subtracted by a variable clock, and the measured value, that is, touch data, is stored in the tone generation circuit. It is given as the source parameter of the generated tone waveform. Therefore, the advantage that the circuit scale is small can be obtained, and the problem of chattering is surely solved by software.

[Modification] The present invention has been described above through the first and second embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to this, and various modifications and changes can be made without departing from the spirit thereof.

For example, in the above-described embodiment, the touch data measuring counters 6 and 12 are used as down counters, but even up counters can be used.

Further, the characteristic of the key pressing time versus the counter output shown in FIG. 4 is only one example of the preferable characteristic. For example, an arbitrary characteristic may be selected so that touch data that matches the human sense can be retrieved.

Also, regarding the length of the counter, in the embodiment, it is 8
Although it is a bit length, this is also only an example, and can be determined according to the level and range of the musical sound generation function of the electronic musical instrument to be applied. From this point of view, in the present invention, it is possible to configure and use an optimal-length counter having a smaller number of bits than the conventional one under the condition of a similar tone generation function.

Similarly, the means for selecting the clock to the counter from the counter output adopts the upper 3 bits of the counter output as the input condition of the selection logic in the embodiment.
This is also just a suitable example.

Further, in the second embodiment, as the configuration of the memory circuit 12, the number of keys is prepared in a one-to-one correspondence with each key of the keyboard.
Since the number of keys operated by the performer at one time is limited, only the number of keys to be used may be prepared. For example, if the maximum number of simultaneous key presses is 10, 10 keys (10 channels)
Is secured, and the channel opened at the start of key depression of a certain key is assigned as the touch data generation channel of the key under the control of the arithmetic circuit (control unit).

More specifically, for example, as Table 1, a busy flag indicating whether or not each key is processing touch data and a pointer indicating a processing destination during processing of touch data are prepared, and a touch data processing table ( As the table 2), for example, touch data storage addresses for 10 keys are prepared, and in the initial stage, the contents of these touch data storage addresses are set to unused codes. Then, in the operation, at the time of key sampling of each key, (I) if a key press is detected, the busy flag corresponding to that key in table 1 is referred to, and (a) if it is not standing, table 2 is headed. When the unused code is found by searching from, the initial value of touch data is put in that address, the busy flag of Table 1 is set, and the relative address (pointer) in which the initial value of touch data is put in the corresponding pointer area. Insert (at the start of key depression). (If the unused code is not found, nothing is done. Or, the table 2 may be extended.) (B) If it is standing, the table 2 is accessed by using the pointer, and the touch data there is Update as shown in Fig. 10 (during key depression).

(II) If no key-depression is detected, refer to the busy flag corresponding to that key on table 1, (c) If it is standing, clear the busy flag and use the pointer to locate the location in table 2 Write the usage code (when releasing the key).

(D) If nothing is done, do nothing (go to the next key sample).

In the case of this example, the storage capacity for generating touch data is (number of keys in a key-depressed state) × (touch data / key), and thus becomes smaller.

[Effects of the Invention] As described in detail above, in the present invention, the time from the operation start time to the operation end time of the switch means that operates in conjunction with the operation of the operator is counted (measured) by the clock, and In a touch data generation device that generates touch data based on a measurement value, a plurality of types of clocks having different periods are prepared in advance as the clock, and one of the clocks is selectively supplied based on the count output. Since it has a smaller circuit scale than before, it has the advantage that touch data that matches the sense can be widely extracted with a counting means with a small number of bits, which leads to a reduction in the touch response circuit, and by extension, the optimum configuration of the entire electronic musical instrument. Can also contribute to.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a circuit configuration diagram of a main part of a first embodiment of the present invention, and FIG.
FIG. 4 is a timing chart of each divided output of the clock generator 2 of FIG. 1, FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a selection logic of a variable clock supplied to a counter for measuring touch data, and FIG. 4 is a diagram of FIG. A graph of the characteristic of key press time versus counter output corresponding to the selection logic, FIG. 5 is an overall configuration diagram of the essential parts of the second embodiment, and FIG. 6 is a circuit for one key in the key signal generator of FIG. FIG. 7 is a configuration diagram, FIG. 7 is a timing chart of each frequency-divided output of the counter 11 in FIG. 5, FIG. 8 is a format of stored contents for one key in the storage circuit 12 in FIG. 5, and FIG. 5 is an operation mode map of the arithmetic circuit 10 of FIG. 5, FIG. 10 is a flowchart of the operation of the second embodiment, and FIG. 11 is a configuration diagram of a conventional example. 1 ... Key switch, 2 ... Clock generator, 3 ... Clock selector, 6 ... 8-bit down counter, 4,
5, 7, 8 ... Gate circuit, 9 ... Key signal generator, 10
...... Arithmetic circuit, 11 …… Clock generator circuit, 12 …… Memory circuit, MM …… Count mode, MD …… Count data.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A switch means operating in conjunction with the operation of an operator, a clock generating means for generating a plurality of types of clocks having different cycles, and a time between the operation start time and the operation end time of the switch means. Counting means for counting the clocks based on any one of the clocks generated by the clock generating means, and switching means for switching the clock supplied from the clock generating means to the counting means based on the count content of the counting means. A touch data generation unit that generates touch data based on the count value of the counting unit.