JPH07313972A - Portable water purifier and usage of the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To filter raw water sent forcedly and to obtain a large amount of purified water removed of impurities including bacteria by installing a pressurizing means comprising a bellows and a piston in a raw water supply port. CONSTITUTION:A portable water purifier is composed of a hollow fiber filtration membrane module 2. In the module 2, a hollow fiber membrane 5 is placed in a container having a raw water supply port an area such as a mountainous area and a disaster-stricken area where it is not easy to obtain drinking water.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a water purifier for producing drinking water by filtering river water, lake water, spring water, etc. with a hollow fiber filtration membrane module.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Until now, water supply facilities such as forest areas and disaster areas have not been prepared, or water supply has been cut off.
In order to obtain drinking water in a drought place, it is common to transport it or to bring river water or spring water directly for drinking or to sterilize it by boiling or chemicals. In particular, recently, due to environmental pollution and the like, it is difficult to obtain water suitable for drinking directly from the natural world, and sterilization is often required. However, the boiling method requires not only heating equipment but also time, and the method using a drug has not been simple.

On the other hand, recently, water purifiers using hollow fiber filtration membranes have been developed mainly for household water supply and simple water supply for the purpose of purifying tap water. In addition, a portable liquid purification device that uses this hollow fiber filtration membrane is being put to practical use, and a device that squeezes and extracts raw water that has been placed in a closed container in advance (Actual Kaihei 4-9922).
0), a device that sucks out from the permeate side of the hollow fiber membrane with a suction pump (actual open flat 4-118135), and a device in which a straw is connected to the permeate side of the hollow fiber membrane (actual open flat 4-118186).

[0004]

However, with these methods, it is possible to obtain sterile water, but it is difficult to apply sufficient pressure, and it is not easy to obtain a large amount of purified water suitable for drinking. .

[0005]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a water purifier in which a hollow fiber filtration membrane is housed in a container, wherein a raw water supply port is provided with a pressurizing means such as a bellows or a piston. Portable water purifier. Is basically achieved by

1 and 2 are examples of side sectional views showing the structure of a portable water purifier according to the present invention. As shown in this figure, a pressurizing means is connected to the raw water supply port 4 of the hollow fiber filtration membrane module 2. As a result, the raw water sent to the hollow fiber filtration membrane module 2 by the pressurizing means 1 or the piston type pressurizing means 3 by the bellows-like expandable container through the raw water supply port 4 is removed after passing through the hollow fiber filtration membrane 5. It is turbid and sterilized to obtain purified water.

Further, it is possible to connect the purified water intake container 14 to the purified water intake port 6. However, in such a case, for example, as shown in FIG. 3, it is necessary to equip the permeate side of the hollow fiber filtration membrane module or the clean water intake container 14 with the air vent 8. Of course, the air vent needs to be a member that is permeable to gas and impermeable to water.
The hydrophobic porous body is the most convenient.

The form of the hollow fiber filtration membrane according to the present invention is not particularly limited, but one end or both ends of the porous hollow fiber membrane bundle are adhered and fixed with an adhesive, and then the adhered and fixed portion is It is preferable that the hollow fiber filtration membrane module is formed by opening the inside of the hollow fiber membrane at one end or both ends.

In the hollow fiber filtration membrane module of the present invention, it is easy to remove fine particles and bacteria, but it is not easy to remove ions and odors dissolved in water. Therefore, depending on the quality of raw water, it is effective to add a bactericidal agent or a coagulant to the raw water or adjust the pH. Also,
As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, by connecting the adsorbent 7 such as activated carbon upstream or downstream of the hollow fiber filtration membrane module 2, it becomes possible to obtain purified water suitable for drinking.

In the case of the bellows type as the pressurizing means in the present invention, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, if the cap 13 or the raw water inlet 10 having a backflow prevention mechanism is provided, the raw water can be easily supplied. In the case of the piston type, a check valve can be provided, but raw water can be supplied by removing the piston. Further, a method of continuously supplying raw water by a bellows type or piston type pressurizing means in which a check valve 9 is attached as the raw water suction port 10 as shown in FIG. 8 is also possible.

Further, assuming that the turbidity of raw water is high and filtration is difficult or if a large amount of purified water is desired, a separate stepping type pressurizing means as shown in FIG. 9 can be used. is there. Further, for example, as shown in FIG. 10, a pressure maintaining means 11 such as a rubber balloon or a piston with a spring is connected to the raw water supply side so that it is not necessary to constantly apply force during the filtration time, and the pressure is once manually applied. By storing power in springs and balloons, it is possible to shorten the pressurizing work.

The connecting means of the pressurizing means, the hollow fiber filtration membrane module, the adsorption layer, and the purified water intake container in the present invention is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to use a screw and a packing which are the simplest and have a high airtight effect. Further, by making the raw water supply port 4 and the permeated water outlet 6 of the hollow fiber filtration membrane module have the same shape, it becomes possible to attach a pressurizing means on the permeate side. As a result, when the hollow fiber filtration membrane module 2 is clogged, it is possible to carry out backwashing by sending permeated purified water or air using the pressurizing means, and recover the performance of the hollow fiber filtration membrane module. be able to.

Further, since the pressurizing means and the purified water intake container in the present invention are hollow inside, considering that it is a portable type which is the object of the present invention, for example, FIG.
If the hollow fiber membrane module and the adsorption layer can be housed inside the pressurizing means and the purified water intake container 14, as shown in 12, 13, and 14, it is very convenient because the volume when carried is small. Here, the mounting portion 15 is not particularly limited, but a screw type is preferable because it is simple. Further, in the case of a piston, a cavity may be provided in the mandrel portion of the piston and housed in the cavity.

The hollow fiber filtration membrane module used in the present invention may be either an internal pressure type for supplying raw water to the inside of the hollow fiber membrane or an external pressure type for supplying raw water to the outside of the hollow fiber membrane. An external pressure type that allows the kimono to be easily removed is preferable. In the case of the external pressure type, it is possible to easily remove the deposits by removing the hollow fiber filtration membrane module, immersing it in water, and vibrating it, so that the workability outdoors is good.

The type of the filtration membrane in the present invention is not particularly limited, but ultrafiltration membrane, microfiltration membrane and the like are suitable. The shape of the pores is not particularly limited, and may be one having circular or elliptical pores on the surface or a fibrillated laminated lamella structure. Also, the pore structure is not particularly limited, such as a screen filter that filters on the surface and a depth filter that filters inside the membrane.
However, in order to maintain the quality of the permeated water, it is desirable that the narrow portion of the pores, that is, the short diameter of the pores, be 0.1 μm or less. It is desirable that the short hole diameter be 0.01 μm or less. Also,
The membrane structure is not limited to symmetrical membranes, asymmetric membranes, composite membranes, etc., but porous asymmetric membranes or composite membranes having high permeability and high water purification effect are generally used.

The asymmetric membrane has a structure in which relatively dense portions are present on the surface of the membrane and the inside has large voids. As a result, bacteria and suspended substances can be prevented by the dense layer on the surface while reducing the water permeation resistance inside the membrane. The asymmetric membrane material is not particularly limited as long as it can form a hollow fiber membrane, but polyethylene, polypropylene, polysulfone, polyether sulfone,
It is possible to use polyvinyl alcohol, cellulose acetate, polyacrylonitrile, polytetrafluoroethylene, or the like. Among these, as a preferable material, a polymer or an olefin-based polymer having at least one component of acrylonitrile, particularly preferably 50 mol% or more of acrylonitrile, more preferably 60 mol% or more with respect to the acrylonitrile It is an acrylonitrile copolymer composed of one or more vinyl compounds having copolymerizability. Also, a mixture of two or more of these acrylonitrile-based copolymers and further other polymers may be used. The vinyl compound may be any known compound having copolymerizability with acrylonitrile and is not particularly limited, but preferable copolymer components include acrylic acid, itaconic acid, methyl acrylate,
Methyl methacrylate, vinyl acetate, sodium allylsulfonate, sodium p-styrenesulfonate and the like can be mentioned.
The next preferred hollow fiber membrane material is ethylene,
It is made of one or more olefin polymers such as propylene and 4-methylpentene.
It is suitable to have slit-shaped pores having a major axis of 0.1 to 1.0 μm and a minor axis of 0.05 to 0.5 μm on the surface.

The composite membrane comprises a porous support layer and a polymer homogeneous layer or a dense layer provided thereon. The porous support layer has a role of preventing mechanical deformation of the polymer homogeneous layer as a support layer of the polymer homogeneous layer that most affects the performance of the filtration membrane, and has sufficient permeability. Need to be present. Preferred macromolecules for the porous support layer include polyester, polyamide, polyolefin, polyacrylate, polymethacrylate, polytetrafluoroethylene,
Examples include polysulfone and polycarbonate,
Polysulfone or polypropylene is particularly preferable. Specific examples of the polymer homogeneous layer formed on the porous support layer, in the case of a liquid separation membrane, cellulose acetate, aromatic polyamide-based, polyethyleneimine-based,
Polyethylene oxide and the like can be mentioned. Among them, it is preferable to use an aromatic cross-linked polyamide which is excellent in blocking performance even when the permeation performance is improved by making it into a thin film, and further has high chemical resistance.

[0018]

The present invention will be described more specifically with reference to the following examples. However, the present invention is not limited to this.

Example 1 As shown in FIG. 1, which is an example of the present invention, a bellows-like polyethylene container (inner diameter 100 mm, extension 150 mm /
Reduced length 50 mm, hole diameter 0.01 μm), inner diameter 350 μm, outer diameter
A portable water purifier was constructed in which a polyacrylonitrile hollow fiber membrane with a length of 450 μm and a length of 30 cm was placed in a U shape, and the ends were bonded and fixed with a urethane adhesive to the outside of the hollow fiber membrane of a hollow fiber membrane module. . When the river water was filtered using this portable water purifier, the SS component in the permeate was 1 mg / liter or less, and the number of E. coli was 0/100 cc.

[0020]

According to the present invention, it is possible to easily obtain water suitable for drinking in a situation where drinking water is difficult to obtain.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an example of a side sectional view of a portable water purifier according to the present invention in which a pressurizing unit has a bellows-like structure.

FIG. 2 is an example of a side sectional view of a portable water purifier in which the pressurizing means is a piston according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is an example of a side sectional view of a portable water purifier provided with a purified water intake container according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is an example of a side sectional view of a portable water purifier equipped with an adsorbent upstream of a membrane according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is an example of a side sectional view of a portable water purifier equipped with an adsorbent downstream of a membrane according to the present invention.

FIG. 6 is an example of a side cross-sectional view of a portable water purifier having a raw water inlet having a cap in a pressurizing unit according to the present invention.

FIG. 7 is an example of a side sectional view of a portable water purifier having a raw water inlet having a check valve in a pressurizing unit according to the present invention.

FIG. 8 is an example of a side sectional view of a continuous water absorption type portable water purifier according to the present invention.

FIG. 9 is an example of a side cross-sectional view of a portable water purifier in which the pressurizing means is a separate type according to the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a side sectional view of an example of a portable water purifier having a pressurized state maintaining mechanism according to the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a side cross-sectional view of a state of use of an example of a portable water purifier having a structure in which a main body can be housed in a pressurizing unit according to the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a side sectional view of an example of a portable water purifier having a structure in which the main body can be housed in the pressurizing means according to the present invention in a housed state.

FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of a state of use of an example of a portable water purifier having a structure in which a main body can be stored in a purified water intake container according to the present invention.

FIG. 14 is a sectional view of an example of a portable water purifier having a structure in which a main body can be stored in a purified water intake container according to the present invention, in a stored state.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1: Bellows-like pressure means 2: Hollow fiber filtration membrane module 3: Piston type pressure means 4: Raw water supply port 5: Hollow fiber membrane 6: Permeate extraction port 7: Adsorbent 8: Air vent port 9: Check valve 10: Water inlet 11: Balloon 12: Air inlet 13: Cap 14: Purified water intake container 15: Mounting part

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification code Office reference number FI technical display location C02F 1/50 Z B 1/52 Z

Claims (10)

[Claims] 1. A portable water purifier in which a hollow fiber filtration membrane is housed in a container, and a raw water supply port is provided with a pressurizing means composed of a bellows or a piston. 2. The portable water purifier according to claim 1, wherein the purified water permeation side of the portable water purifier is provided with a purified water intake container which can be detached essentially without using a tool. 3. The pressurizing means has a water intake port for taking in raw water from the outside, and the water intake port can be capped by a cap or provided with a bellows or a check valve. The portable water purifier according to 1 or 2. 4. The portable water purifier according to claim 1, wherein the pressurizing means can be connected to both the supply side and the permeate side of the hollow fiber filtration membrane module. 5. Upstream of the hollow fiber filtration membrane module and / or
Alternatively, the portable water purifier according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising an adsorbent layer on the downstream side. 6. The portable water purifier according to claim 1, wherein a part or all of the pressurizing means, the hollow fiber filtration membrane module, and the adsorbent layer can be stored in a purified water intake container. 7. The portable water purifier according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a part or all of the hollow fiber membrane module and the adsorbent layer can be housed inside the pressurizing means. 8. The portable type according to claim 1, wherein the porous hollow fiber membrane constituting the hollow fiber filtration membrane module is made of a polymer or an olefin polymer having at least one component of acrylonitrile. Water purifier. 9. The porous hollow fiber membrane constituting the hollow fiber filtration membrane module has surface pores of any of a circular shape, an elliptical shape, and a laminated lamella structure, and 95% or more of the pores have a short diameter.
9. The portable water purifier according to claim 1, wherein the water purifier has a diameter of 0.1 μm or less. 10. The method of using the portable water purifier according to claim 1, wherein one or more kinds of a flocculant, a buffer solution, and a bactericide are previously injected into the supplied raw water.