JPH07310963A - Air conditioner using absorption type refrigerator - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To rapidly cool a room by conducting the concentrating operation of absorbing solution at a suitable timing. CONSTITUTION:A controller 30 has first calculating means 7 for calculating the changing speed of an indoor temperature from an indoor temperature measured by a sensor T1, second calculating means 8 for calculating a predetermined time T from the varying speed to a target set temperature, memory means 39 for storing a reference time T0, and control means 40 for comparing the time T with the time T0 to inhibit a concentrating operation even when the atmospheric temperature does not arrive at the concentration necessary temperature if the time T is shorter than the time T0. Accordingly, if the time until it reaches the set temperature is shorter even when the concentration becomes necessary during the lowering of the indoor temperature, a cooling operation is preferentially executed thereby to rapidly alter the indoor temperature to the set temperature.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an air conditioner using an absorption refrigerating machine for a general house or a small building. The present invention relates to an air conditioner that can be increased.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art At present, an air conditioner using an absorption chiller is mainly used for industrial or commercial facilities such as a building or a large store.

In a cooling system of an air conditioner using an absorption refrigerator, a refrigerant vapor evaporated in a regenerator is condensed in a water-cooled condenser, and the condensed refrigerant is guided to an evaporator to be evaporated. The cooling heat medium (usually water) that circulates between the fan coil unit provided in the room to be cooled and the refrigerator is cooled by the latent heat of vaporization at that time. On the other hand, the evaporated refrigerant vapor is operated in a cycle in which a water-cooled absorber absorbs the concentrated solution (absorption liquid) and returns it to the regenerator.

In an air conditioner using this type of absorption refrigerator, the temperature of the cold heat medium circulated in the indoor fan coil unit is cooled to around 7 ° C. in the evaporator, and the cold heat medium is circulated in the indoor fan coil. It is circulated to cool the indoor air and return it to the evaporator at around 12 ° C. When using an aqueous lithium bromide solution as the absorbing liquid, it is necessary to maintain the temperature of the absorbing liquid in the absorber at around 40 ° C. To maintain this temperature, a cooling tower is installed on the rooftop or the like, and the water cooling circuit is installed. The method of cooling is adopted.

However, the conventional air conditioner using the absorption type refrigerating machine adopting such a water cooling system has the following problems.

(1) Since the temperature of the absorber is controlled by a water cooling system, the equipment becomes large and piping is required. Therefore, a lot of construction cost is required, which is a problem for general houses and small buildings. Not suitable for cooling.

(2) Since it is necessary to connect the fan coil unit and the refrigerator in the room to be cooled by the pipe for circulating the heating / cooling medium, the construction cost and equipment cost are high. The same applies to an ammonia absorption refrigerator that uses ammonia water as the absorbing liquid and the refrigerant.

Therefore, the present inventors cool the condenser and the absorber by an air cooling method instead of the water cooling method during the cooling operation, and the refrigerant is sent from the condenser to the evaporator without using a pump. A patent application has already been filed for an air conditioner having a cooling mode in which the evaporator is located in a passage through which the room air to be air-conditioned passes and the room air is cooled by directly contacting the outside of the evaporator with the pressure difference. (Japanese Patent Application No. 5-22351).

FIG. 4 shows an essential part of a modified example of an air conditioner using the single-effect absorption refrigerator proposed in the above application, and FIG.
Indicates the installation status of the air conditioner.

As shown in FIG. 5, the air conditioner includes an outdoor unit 1
The outdoor unit 1 is arranged outside the room 5 of the house to be air-conditioned, and the indoor unit 2 has only the outlet for cool air and the inlet for indoor air. And is disposed inside the chamber 5. The outdoor unit 1 and the indoor unit 2 are connected by a blower duct 3 for cold air and an intake duct 4 for indoor air. A blower fan 11 is provided at a predetermined place in the blower duct 3 or the intake duct 4. Reference numeral 6 denotes a remote controller for starting or stopping the operation of the air conditioner, setting or canceling automatic operation, setting the room temperature, setting the amount of cold air blown out, and the like.

The inside of the outdoor unit 1 has a structure as shown in FIG. 4, in which an aqueous lithium bromide solution is used as the absorbing liquid and water is used as the refrigerant.

The evaporator 10 is installed at a position where the blower duct 3 and the intake duct 4 are connected to each other. The inside of the evaporator 10 evaporates the refrigerant due to the depressurization action, and the latent heat of vaporization (vaporization heat) acts to cool it from the inside. receive.

The regenerator 12 has a function of generating a refrigerant vapor by heating the absorbing solution (dilute solution) having a low concentration by absorbing the refrigerant by the burner 13 and concentrating the concentration of the absorbing solution. Fuel supply pipe 1 to burner 13
Fuel gas is supplied from the fuel cell 4, and the degree of combustion is adjusted by the fuel supply control valve 15 in accordance with the input cooling capacity and the like.

The condenser 16 has a function of cooling the refrigerant vapor sent from the regenerator 12 by the air cooling fan 17 and liquefying it, and sending this liquefied refrigerant to the evaporator 10.

Reference numeral 18 denotes a refrigerant tank for controlling a total amount of the refrigerant circulating in the air conditioner and a part of the refrigerant for controlling the concentration of the dilute solution supplied to the regenerator 12. Yes, and is connected to the condenser 16 via valve V5.

The absorber 20 stores the absorbing liquid, and the evaporator 10
It has a function of making the absorption liquid absorb the refrigerant evaporated in (1). The absorbing liquid which has absorbed the refrigerant and has a low concentration is temporarily stored in the dilute solution tank 21. The absorber 20 is air-cooled by the same air-cooling fan 17 as the condenser 16.

Reference numeral 22 denotes heat for exchanging heat between the low-concentration low-concentration absorption liquid flowing from the dilute solution tank 21 to the regenerator 12 and the high-concentration high-temperature absorption liquid flowing from the regenerator 12 to the absorber 20. An exchanger, 23 is a pump that absorbs the refrigerant and sends out an absorbent having a low concentration from the dilute solution tank 21 to the regenerator 12, and 24 is one between the upstream side of the evaporator 10 and the downstream side of the condenser 16. A capillary provided between them or a pressure loss means corresponding thereto.

All of V1, V2, V3, V4 and V5 are regulating valves such as solenoid valves, and in particular V4 is a regulating valve having a check valve function.

The above air conditioner basically controls each container by controlling the temperature of each container except that the pump 23 is used to deliver the absorbing liquid from the dilute solution tank 21 to the regenerator 12. A pressure difference is created between them, and the refrigerant and the absorbing liquid are delivered and circulated by the pressure difference.

By the way, in the air conditioner using such an absorption refrigerator, the operating efficiency can be improved by increasing the amount of the refrigerant stored in the refrigerant tank to increase the average concentration of the absorbing liquid, and further, Since the concentration and the crystallization temperature of the absorption liquid correspond to each other, in order to operate with high efficiency and to prevent crystallization inside the device, it is recommended to concentrate the absorption liquid according to the rise in temperature. I was doing.

[0021]

However, in the operation of concentrating the absorbing liquid, since the generated refrigerant is sent to the refrigerant tank 18, the refrigerant supply amount to the evaporator 10 decreases during that time, and the cooling capacity deteriorates. I will end up.

Therefore, if the temperature rises during the cooling of the room or the set temperature is lowered during the concentration, it is better to concentrate the dilute solution and then strongly cool it. It will be necessary to select whether it is better to continue cooling without concentrating and then concentrate.

The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and a regenerator that heats an absorbing liquid (dilute solution) that has absorbed a refrigerant to generate a refrigerant vapor and a concentrated concentrated solution, and the regenerator. A condenser for condensing the generated refrigerant vapor, a refrigerant tank for storing the condensed refrigerant, an evaporator for vaporizing the refrigerant sent from the condenser, and an absorbing liquid for absorbing the refrigerant and vaporizing in the evaporator. An absorber that absorbs the absorbed refrigerant vapor in the absorbing liquid, an air-cooling fan that cools both the absorber and the condenser, and an inside of the evaporator, and a duct that has an inlet and an outlet in the room, A cooling fan provided in the duct to introduce the cooling target indoor air, the evaporator cools the indoor air directly, and a blower fan for blowing the cooled air into the room from the outlet, and the outside air temperature In response to changes in In an air conditioner that uses an absorption chiller that changes the concentration of absorption liquid in the collector, it is possible to perform a concentration operation at an appropriate time to quickly change the temperature to a set temperature and operate with high efficiency. It is an object of the present invention to provide an air conditioner that can be used.

[0024]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a regenerator for heating a dilute solution in which an absorption liquid absorbs a refrigerant to generate a refrigerant vapor and a concentrated absorption liquid, A condenser for condensing the refrigerant vapor generated in the regenerator, a refrigerant tank for storing the condensed refrigerant, an evaporator for vaporizing the refrigerant sent from the condenser, and an evaporator for storing the absorbing liquid. An absorber that absorbs vaporized refrigerant vapor into the absorbing liquid, an air-cooling fan that cools both the absorber and the condenser, and the evaporator are provided inside, and have an inlet and an outlet in the room. A duct and a blower fan, which is provided in the duct, introduces cooling target indoor air, directly cools the indoor air by the evaporator, and blows the cooled air into the room from the outlet, Absorbing liquid corresponding to the outside temperature In an air conditioner using an absorption refrigerating machine for adjusting the concentration, a measuring means for measuring an indoor temperature, a first calculating means for calculating a changing speed of the room temperature from the measured room temperature, and the first calculating means. Second calculating means for calculating the time T required to reach the target indoor temperature from the change speed calculated in step 1, storage means for storing the reference time T0, and the necessary time T determined to be shorter than the reference time T0. At times, an air conditioner using an absorption refrigerating machine is configured with a control means for starting the concentration operation of the absorbing liquid after a predetermined time.

[0025]

[Function] For example, when the cooling start switch is turned on,
Since the cooling starts from the state where the concentration of the dilute solution is low, when the outside air temperature is high when the switch is turned on, the concentration of the dilute solution becomes thinner than the concentration specified for the outside air temperature. In some cases, it may be necessary to concentrate the dilute solution.

Therefore, first, the measuring means measures the room temperature and sends the measured value to the first calculating means. The first calculation means calculates the rate of change of the room temperature from the sent measurement value, and sends the result to the second calculation means. The second calculation means is
Based on the rate of change of the indoor temperature, a required time T from the present time to reaching the target indoor temperature, that is, the set temperature is calculated, and the calculation result is sent to the control means. The control means compares the required time T with the reference time T0 stored in the storage means, and when the required time T is judged to be shorter than the reference time T0, the outside temperature and the current concentration of the dilute solution. Concentration is required in comparison with the above, but it will be continued cooling in the current cooling state without concentrating the dilute solution.
As a result, when the temperature can be lowered to the set temperature in a shorter time, the room temperature can be quickly changed without intentionally performing the concentration operation.

On the other hand, when the required time T is longer than the reference time T0, concentration is performed and cooling is performed with high efficiency. As a result, long-time operation with low efficiency can be prevented, and even if the concentration operation is performed, cooling can be performed with high efficiency, and as a result, cooling with low energy consumption can be implemented.

[0028]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT An embodiment of an air conditioner according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of an air conditioner using the single-effect absorption refrigerator according to the present invention.

Since the mechanical structure of the air conditioner according to the present invention is substantially the same as that shown in FIG. 4, description of the same parts will be omitted, and different parts and electric circuits necessary for controlling the air conditioner will be described. .

In FIG. 2, T1 is a sensor for detecting the room temperature provided on the upstream side of the evaporator 10, T2 is a sensor for detecting the blowing temperature, T3 is a sensor for detecting the liquid level of the regenerator 12, and T4. Is a sensor for detecting the temperature of the condenser 16, T
5 is a sensor as a measuring means for measuring the outside air temperature, T6
Is a sensor for detecting the liquid level of the refrigerant tank 18.

Further, the receiving unit 2a of the indoor unit 2 receives the setting signal from the controller 30 including the CPU, the memory, and the driving circuit and the remote controller 6 (see FIG. 5), and the receiving unit 2a.
The controller 30 receives signals from the sensors T1, T2, T5, etc., and signals from the communication controller 31, and the blower fan 11, the air-cooling fan 17, The burner 13, the pump 23 and the like are controlled in operation.

For example, when the outside air temperature rises, the combustion amount of the heater 13 is correspondingly increased to increase the amount of generated refrigerant to store the refrigerant in the refrigerant tank 18, and the absorption liquid is concentrated to improve the cooling efficiency. To raise. On the other hand, when the outside air temperature decreases, the refrigerant in the refrigerant tank 18 is replaced with the diluted solution tank 21.
And the concentration of the absorbing solution is lowered in accordance with the outside air temperature to prevent crystallization of the dilute solution.

Further, as shown in FIG. 1, the controller 30 is provided with a first calculation means 7, a second calculation means 8, a storage means 39, and a control means 40. The first calculation means 7 is a sensor T
1 is connected to the second calculation means 8 by a calculation means for calculating the rate of change of the room temperature measured by the sensor T1. The second calculating means 8 is a calculating means for calculating the time T required to reach the set temperature based on the rate of change of the room temperature calculated by the first calculating means 7.

The storage means 39 is a storage means for storing the reference time T0 and is connected to the control means 40. Reference time T
0 is the time required from the start of the concentration of the dilute solution to the end thereof.

The control means 40 is connected to the second calculation means 8, the storage means 39 and the sensor T6, and sets the required time T calculated by the second calculation means 8 and the reference time T0 stored in the storage means 39. In comparison, when the required time T is shorter than the reference time T0, it is decided not to perform the concentration operation of the absorbing solution, and the cooling operation is continued at the current concentration of the dilute solution. On the other hand, when the required time T is longer than the reference time T0, it is determined to concentrate the absorbing liquid, the amount of refrigerant generated is increased, the valve V5 is opened, and the condensed refrigerant is allowed to flow into the refrigerant tank 18.

Next, the operation of the cooling cycle will be described with reference to FIG.

Before the start of operation, the valves V1, V3, V4, V5
Is closed and valve V2 is open. The dilute solution in the regenerator 12 is sent to the dilute solution tank 21 and is in an empty state, and the refrigerant in the refrigerant tank 18 is sent to the dilute solution tank 21 with a predetermined amount left inside. As a result, the dilute solution is stored in the dilute solution tank 21 in a state of being diluted to a concentration that does not cause crystallization even at the lowest temperature.

Turn on the operation button of the remote controller 6,
Setting desired temperature, the valve V1, V3 valve V2 is closed with open (F-1), the motor M ₂ rare solution regenerator from dilute solution tank 21 by the pump 23 is driven 1
2 (F-2). The controller 30 determines whether or not the liquid level of the regenerator 12 has reached the specified level by looking at the signal from the sensor T3 (F-3), and when the liquid level has reached the specified level, The fuel supply control valve 15 is opened to supply the fuel gas from the fuel supply pipe 14, and the burner 13
Is ignited (F-4).

When the regenerator 12 is heated, refrigerant vapor is generated from the contained dilute solution, the refrigerant vapor is sent to the condenser 16, and the concentrated solution (absorption liquid) in which the refrigerant is separated is passed through the valve V1. And is sent to the absorber 20. Since the temperature of the condenser 16 gradually rises due to the inflow of the refrigerant vapor, the controller 30 receives the signal from the sensor T4, and
It is judged whether the temperature of 6 has reached a predetermined value (F-5),
When the predetermined value is reached, the air cooling fan 17 is rotated (F-
6). As a result, the refrigerant vapor sent from the regenerator 12 is liquefied in the condenser 16.

The liquefied refrigerant flows from the condenser 16 through the capillary 24 into the evaporator 10, where it is evaporated (vaporized) inside the evaporator 10 and a cooling action by heat of vaporization occurs. When the blower fan 11 is rotated (F-7), the air blown from the room through the intake duct 4 by the blower fan 11 comes into direct contact with the outer surface of the evaporator 10 to be cooled. The cooled air is sent to the indoor unit 2 through the air duct 3 and is blown into the room 5 as cold air.
The chamber 5 is cooled (F-8).

Further, the controller 30 looks at the signal from the sensor T6 and judges whether the amount of the refrigerant in the refrigerant tank 18 has reached a predetermined value (F-9), and when it has not reached the predetermined value, the valve V5. Is opened (F-10), and the refrigerant is sent to the refrigerant tank 18. When the amount of refrigerant reaches the predetermined value, the valve V5 is closed (F-11) and the delivery of the refrigerant to the refrigerant tank 18 is stopped.

If it is within a predetermined time from the start of cooling, the valve V5 is kept closed and all the refrigerant is sent to the evaporator 10 to continue the cooling operation.

The refrigerant vaporized in the evaporator 10 to become vapor flows into the absorber 20 where it is absorbed by the absorbing liquid. The absorption liquid, which has absorbed the refrigerant and has a reduced concentration, once enters the dilute solution tank 21, then passes through the valve V3 by the pump 23, and is transferred from the regenerator 12 by the heat exchanger 22 to the high-concentration high-temperature absorption liquid and heat. It is exchanged and sent to the regenerator 12. The above is the steady mode of the cooling operation.

Here, the concentration operation within a predetermined time immediately after the start of operation will be described. Even if the outside air temperature is high and the concentration operation is required within a predetermined time after the operation is started, the valve V5 is kept closed and the condensed refrigerant is immediately removed from the evaporator 10 in order to prioritize the cooling. To send. Then, when the predetermined time has elapsed and the outside air temperature detected by the sensor T5 at that time exceeds the temperature set to concentrate the concentration of the dilute solution, the concentration operation is performed according to the following operation. Or whether to continue supplying cold air as it is.

That is, when the cooling operation is started, the room temperature detected by the sensor T1 is sent to the first calculating means 7,
The first calculating means 7 calculates the changing rate of the room temperature. When the cooling operation is performed for a predetermined time, the second calculation means 8 calculates the required time T from the present time until the indoor temperature reaches the set temperature based on the calculation result of the first calculation means 7.

The control means 40 compares the reference time T0 stored in the storage means 39 with the required time T calculated by the second computing means 8, and when the required time T is shorter than the reference time T0, it is rare. The concentration of the solution is not performed, and the cold air is continuously supplied as it is. Then, when the room temperature reaches the set temperature, when the diluted solution still needs to be concentrated, the concentration operation is performed from this point.

On the other hand, when the required time T is longer than the reference time T0, the refrigerant is sent to the refrigerant tank 18 within a range in which the temperature difference between the temperatures detected by the sensors T1 and T2 does not become smaller than a predetermined temperature difference. , Concentrate the concentration of the dilute solution. That is, when the generated refrigerant is sent to the refrigerant tank 18 and the amount of the refrigerant in the evaporator 10 decreases and the temperature of the delivery air rises, the outflow to the refrigerant tank 18 is stopped and the refrigerant is supplied to the evaporator 10. The temperature of the sent air is lowered by sending it out.

By doing so, the cooling operation can be continuously performed without weakening the supply of cold air as much as possible.

In the above embodiment, the case immediately after the start of operation has been described as an example, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, during steady operation, the outside air temperature rises and concentration becomes necessary. It is also used when the set temperature is lowered and it is necessary to strengthen the cold air.

Next, the temperature and pressure of the container, the absorbing liquid, and the refrigerant in each part of the system during the cooling operation will be exemplified.

Returning to the flowchart of FIG. 3, when the operation button of the remote controller 6 is turned off (F-12), the stop process is performed (F-13), and the process is terminated. As the stop processing, first, the burner 13 is extinguished, the valve V2 is opened, and the V
4 is opened by a required amount and a predetermined amount of the refrigerant is left in the refrigerant tank 18, and the rest is sent to the dilute solution tank 21. Then, the valve V1 is closed. Pump 2 after a while
3 is stopped, the valve V3 is closed, and the blower fan 11 and the air cooling fan 17 are stopped.

By doing so, the refrigerant tank 1
The refrigerant in 8 and the absorbing liquid in the regenerator 12 flow into the dilute solution tank 21 and are diluted to a predetermined concentration. This is to prevent the refrigerant tank 18 and the regenerator 12 from being corroded by the absorbing liquid while the apparatus is stopped, and to prevent the crystallization of the dilute solution, and to keep the concentration at a predetermined value. This is because the cooling operation can be started immediately in the next morning or the like.

In the above embodiment, the refrigerant is water and the absorbing liquid is lithium bromide as in the conventional example, but the present invention is not limited to this, and other substances having the same function may be used.

[0055]

According to the present invention, in the air conditioner using the absorption refrigerator, the outside air temperature is at a temperature at which the concentration of the absorbing liquid needs to be concentrated and the room temperature does not reach the set temperature. Calculates the rate of change of the room temperature, calculates the time required from the present time to the set temperature based on the rate of change of the room temperature, and if this time is shorter than the reference time, does not perform concentration. Cooling air is continuously supplied to the room temperature, and when the room temperature reaches the set temperature, the concentration operation is performed when the concentration operation is still required. You can

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a main part of an embodiment of an air conditioner according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an embodiment of an air conditioner for an air conditioner according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a flow chart of an air conditioner according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing an example of a conventional air conditioner.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an installation state of an air conditioner.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Outdoor Unit 2 Indoor Unit 3 Blower Duct 4 Intake Duct 5 Room 6 Remote Controller 7 First Storage Means 8 Second Storage Means 10 Evaporator 11 Blower Fan 12 Regenerator 13 Burner 16 Condenser 17 Air Cooling Fan 18 Refrigerant Tank 20 Absorption Vessel 21 diluted solution tank 23 pump 30 controller 31 communication controller 39 computing means 40 control means T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 T6 sensor V1, V2, V3, V4, V5 valve

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A regenerator that heats a dilute solution in which a refrigerant is absorbed in an absorbing liquid to generate a refrigerant vapor and a concentrated absorbing liquid, and a condenser that condenses the refrigerant vapor generated in the regenerator. A refrigerant tank for storing condensed refrigerant, an evaporator for vaporizing the refrigerant sent from the condenser, and an absorber for storing the absorbing liquid and absorbing the refrigerant vapor vaporized by the evaporator in the absorbing liquid. An air-cooling fan that cools both the absorber and the condenser; a duct that has the evaporator inside and a suction port and a blow-out port inside the room; Then, after the indoor air is directly cooled by the evaporator, a blower fan that blows the cooled air into the room from the outlet is provided, and the concentration of the absorbing liquid is adjusted according to the outside air temperature. Using the absorption refrigerator In an air conditioner, a measuring unit that measures an indoor temperature, a first calculating unit that calculates a changing speed of the room temperature from the measured room temperature, and a changing speed calculated by the first calculating unit until a target indoor temperature is reached. Second calculating means for calculating the required time T, storage means for storing the reference time T0, and control for starting the concentration operation of the absorbing liquid after a predetermined time when it is determined that the required time T is shorter than the reference time T0. An air conditioner using an absorption refrigerating machine.