JPH07308820A - Gear horning method and device therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To automatically and suitably mesh a grinding wheel with a workpiece in a gear horning process for processing tooth surfaces of several kinds of gears with the use of a single grindstone. CONSTITUTION:A grinding wheel dimension computing means 81 computes a grindwheel addendum modification coefficient Xn12 and the grinding wheel twist angle beta02 from a center distance axd between a grinding wheel and a dress gear and the axis cross-over angle gammad just after tooth face dressing by the grinding wheel. A workpiece processing computing means 83 computes a center distance ax between the workpiece and the grinding wheel and an axis cross-over angle gamma for meshing the workpiece with the from the grinding wheel addendum modification coefficient Xn12, the twist angle beta02 and the dimensions of the workpiece. A cut-in drive control means 88 and a grinding wheel turning control means 87 control the operations of a cut-in drive motor 44 and a grinding wheel turning motor 40 so as to obtain the center distance ax and the axis cross-over angle gamma obtained by the workpiece processing computing means 83.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a gear honing method and apparatus for machining tooth surfaces of a plurality of gear-shaped workpieces having different twist angles and dislocation coefficients from each other with a single grindstone.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a gear honing machine is known as a means for finishing the tooth surface of a gear-shaped work. For example, when machining an external gear-shaped work, this device prepares an internal gear-shaped grindstone that meshes with this work, and moves the work in the cutting feed direction to a position where the grindstone meshes with the grindstone until there is no backlash. The tooth surface of the work is machined by moving the work to a grinding wheel and rotating the work with a grindstone while performing the cutting feed.

By the way, in such a gear honing process, even if there are many kinds of works, as long as the tooth right angle module and the right angle pressure angle are the same among the gear specifications, these works are common. It can be meshed with a grindstone and can be processed with this single grindstone.

[0004]

In order to process the work, it is necessary to dress the tooth surface of the grindstone and then mesh the work to be machined with the grindstone. Since the twist angles or the dislocation coefficients are different from each other, in order to mesh these workpieces with a single grindstone, it is necessary to finely adjust the center-to-center distance between them and the axis crossing angle.

Here, conventionally, an operator manually finely adjusts the axis crossing angle so as to mesh these works with a grindstone every time when machining various works, and further backlash between the grindstone and the work. There is a work (so-called teaching) in which the distance between the centers of the two is manually adjusted so that the distance disappears and the distance is stored in the machine. For this reason,
There is a problem that skill is required for the work processing, the accuracy of the work is large, and the work efficiency is low.

In view of such circumstances, the present invention, in gear honing processing for machining a plurality of types of works with a single grindstone, efficiently and efficiently meshes each work with the grindstone automatically and suitably. An object of the present invention is to provide a gear honing processing method and apparatus that can perform the gear honing processing.

[0007]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION According to the present invention, a plurality of types of gear-like workpiece tooth surfaces having different at least one of the number of teeth, the helix angle, and the dislocation coefficient are different from each other. A gear honing method for processing with a grindstone, wherein after dressing the tooth flank of the grindstone by meshing the dressing gear with the grindstone and rotating both, the dressing gear and grindstone immediately after the tooth surface dressing Based on the center-to-center distance and the axis crossing angle, the gear specifications of the dressing gear, and the number of teeth of the grindstone, a grindstone specification calculation operation is performed to calculate the grindstone gear specifications changed by the tooth surface dressing. , Before machining of various works, the wheel gear specifications and work gears in which the center-to-center distance between these works and the grindstone for engaging this work with the grindstone and the axis crossing angle are calculated by the grindstone specification calculation operation With specifications Performs workpiece machining computation operation for calculation Zui, the workpiece meshes with the grinding wheel with a center-to-center distance and the axis crossing angle calculated in this work processing computation operation,
This work is gear honing (claim 1), and the present invention provides a plurality of types of gear-like work tooth surfaces each having at least one of the number of teeth, the helix angle, and the dislocation coefficient different from each other. Is a gear honing processing device for processing with a single grindstone that meshes with the work, and inputs information on the gear specifications of the work and the gear specifications of the dressing gear for dressing the tooth surface of the grindstone. Information input means for adjusting the center distance between the grindstone and the workpiece and the center distance between the grindstone and the dressing gear, the axis crossing angle between the grindstone and the workpiece, and the grindstone and the dressing gear. Axial crossing angle adjusting means for adjusting the axial crossing angle with, and the center distance and the axial crossing angle between the dressing gear and the grindstone immediately after the tooth surface of the grindstone is dressed by meshing with the dressing gear, the above information Input hand Based on the gear specifications of the dressing gear input by the step, and the number of teeth of the grindstone, the grinding wheel specification calculation means for calculating the gear specifications of the grinding wheel changed by the tooth surface dressing, and before the machining of various workpieces. A workpiece machining computing means for computing the center-to-center distance between these workpieces and the grindstone for engaging the workpiece with the grindstone based on the grindstone specifications calculated by the grindstone specification computing means, and an axis crossing angle, Based on the center-to-center distance and the axis-crossing angle calculated by the work-machining calculating means, the distance-adjusting means and the axis-crossing are adjusted so as to adjust the center-to-center distance and the axis-crossing angle between the work and the grindstone when processing the work. Processing control means for controlling the operation of the angle adjusting means (claim 4).

According to the method of claim 1, after the work machining operation, before the work is machined, the center distance between the work and the grindstone calculated by the work machining operation and the grindstone specifications are calculated. A target grindstone tip diameter required for machining the work is calculated based on the wheel specifications calculated by the calculation operation and the involute start diameter of the work tooth surface, and the tooth height corresponding to this target grindstone tip diameter is calculated. If the actual tooth height is smaller than a certain value by less than a certain amount, dress the tooth tip surface of the grindstone based on the target grindstone tip diameter, and the height of the tooth corresponding to the target grindstone tip diameter is actually When the tooth height is larger than a certain amount by a certain amount, the tooth surface of the grindstone is dressed so that the tooth height corresponding to the target grindstone tooth tip diameter is obtained (claim 2), or the tooth of the grindstone by the dressing gear is used. Inside the dressing gear and grindstone immediately after face dressing When the tooth surface dress is requested by storing the inter-distance and the axis crossing angle, the dressing gear is engaged with the grindstone by using the stored center distance and the axis crossing angle, and the tooth of the grindstone is memorized. Dressing the surface, the center distance between the dressing gear and the grindstone immediately after dressing the tooth surface and the axis crossing angle, the gear specifications of the dressing gear, and the grindstone specification calculation operation based on the number of teeth of the grindstone. It is preferable to re-execute (Claim 3).

Similarly, in the apparatus according to the fourth aspect, before the machining of various works, the wheel specifications of the grindstone calculated by the grindstone specification calculation means and the work and the grindstone calculated by the work machining calculation means. Target grindstone tip diameter calculating means for calculating the target grindstone tip diameter required for machining the work based on the center-to-center distance and the involute start diameter of the work tooth surface, and corresponding to this target grindstone tip diameter When the tooth height is smaller than the actual tooth height by a certain amount or more, the tooth tip surface of the grindstone is dressed based on the target grindstone tip diameter, and the tooth height corresponding to the target grindstone tip diameter. Is greater than the actual tooth height by a certain amount or more, tooth height control means for dressing the tooth surface of the grindstone may be provided so as to obtain the tooth height corresponding to the target wheel tip diameter. ) Of the whetstone with the above dress gear Dress state storage means for storing the center-to-center distance between the dressing gear and the grindstone immediately after the face dressing and the axis crossing angle, and the center-to-center distance stored in the dress state storage means when a tooth surface dress is requested and And a tooth flank dressing control means for dressing the tooth flank of this grindstone by meshing the dressing gear with the grindstone using an axis crossing angle, and the center distance between the dressing gear and the grindstone immediately after the tooth flank dressing And the axis crossing angle, the gear specifications of the dressing gear, and the number of teeth of the grindstone, the grindstone specification calculating means is configured to calculate the gear specification of the grindstone changed by the dressing dress. (Claim 6) is more preferable.

[0010]

According to the method of the first aspect and the apparatus of the fourth aspect, after the dressing gear is engaged with the grindstone to dress the tooth flank of the grindstone, first, the dressing gear immediately after this tooth flank dressing is performed. Based on the center-to-center distance and the axis crossing angle with the grindstone, the gear specifications of the dressing gear, and the number of teeth of the grindstone, the gear specifications of the grinding wheel changed by the tooth surface dressing (displacement coefficient, twist angle, etc.) A grindstone specification calculation operation for calculation is performed. Then, based on the calculated wheel specifications of the grindstone and the gear specifications of the work, a work for calculating the center-to-center distance between the work and the grindstone for meshing the work to be processed with the grindstone and the axis crossing angle. Since the calculation operation for machining is executed, the above-mentioned workpiece is automatically and reliably meshed with the grindstone and the tooth surface is machined by using the center distance and the axis crossing angle calculated by this calculation operation for workpiece machining. can do.

Further, the method according to claim 2 and claim 5
According to the device described above, after the workpiece machining operation, the workpiece-grindstone center distance calculated by the workpiece machining operation and the wheel specifications of the wheel calculated by the wheel specification calculation operation and the workpiece teeth. A required target grindstone tooth tip diameter is calculated based on the involute start diameter of the surface, and the whetstone tooth surface necessary for workpiece machining is appropriately dressed based on this target grindstone tooth tip diameter. Specifically, when the tooth height corresponding to the target grindstone tip diameter is smaller than the actual tooth height by a certain amount or more, the tip surface of the grindstone is appropriate in order to obtain the target grindstone tip diameter. If the height of the tooth corresponding to the target grinding wheel tooth tip diameter is larger than the actual tooth height by a certain amount or more, the grinding wheel tooth surface is dressed to increase the actual tooth height. .

Further, according to the method of claim 3 and the apparatus of claim 6, the center distance between the dressing gear and the grindstone and the axial crossing angle immediately after dressing the tooth surface of the grindstone by the dressing gear are set in advance. By memorizing, when a tooth surface dress is requested, the dressing gear is easily meshed with the grindstone by using the center distance and the axis crossing angle stored as described above, and the tooth of the grindstone is stored. The surface can be dressed, and moreover, the grinding wheel specifications based on the distance between the centers of the dressing gear and the grindstone immediately after the tooth surface dressing and the axis crossing angle, the gear specifications of the dressing gear, and the number of teeth of the grinding stone. By re-executing the arithmetic operation, it is possible to obtain the grindstone specifications necessary for the next arithmetic operation for machining the workpiece.

[0013]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

The gear honing apparatus shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 includes a grindstone support housing 10, and the grindstone support housing 10 is provided with a hollow ring portion 12. A ring sprocket 16 having teeth facing outward through a bearing for a grindstone (not shown) is provided inside the ring portion 12 in the radial direction.
Is rotatably held, and a grindstone 20 is fixed to a radially inner side of the ring sprocket 16 by a grindstone retainer 18. The grindstone 20 has an internal gear shape as shown in FIG. 4 and is designed to rotate integrally with the ring sprocket 16. The right and left sides of the ring sprocket 16 have donut plates for preventing coolant from entering. The water drain plate 22 is fixed.

On the upper part of the grindstone support housing 10,
The grindstone drive motor 24 is laterally fixed. A motor sprocket 28 is fixed to an output shaft 26 of the grindstone drive motor 24, and the motor sprocket 28 is connected to the ring sprocket 16 via a silent chain 30.
The motor sprocket 28, the silent chain 30, and the ring sprocket 16 make the driving force of the grindstone driving motor 24 the same as that of the grindstone 2.
It is transmitted to 0. Specifically, as the motor output shaft 26 rotates in the arrow A1 direction in FIG. 2, the grindstone 20 rotates in the arrow A2 direction in FIG.

At the rear of the grindstone support housing 10,
A flange portion 34 is provided, and the flange portion 34 is fixed to the rotary output shaft 3 of the shaft crossing angle adjusting device 38 by a bolt 36.
It is fixed at 9. The shaft crossing angle adjusting device 38 includes a grindstone turning motor 40 that rotationally drives the rotary output shaft 39. By this rotary driving, a tilt angle of the grindstone 20 and the grindstone support housing 10 with respect to a work and a dress gear (to be described later) (that is, shaft crossing). Angle) is adjusted.

The shaft crossing angle adjusting device 38 is provided in the table 4
The table 42 is fixed on the table 2 and is slidable along a predetermined cutting direction (direction including arrow A3 in FIG. 1). The table 42 is provided with a cutting drive motor 44 and a ball screw mechanism (not shown).
By these operations, the axis crossing angle adjusting device 38, the grindstone support housing 10, and the grindstone 20 as a whole are moved to the table 4.
Along with 2, it is slidably driven in the cutting direction.

As shown in FIG. 4, the workpiece 46 processed in this apparatus has a helical gear-shaped gear portion 48, and the gear portion 48 has a shape (that is, teeth) that can mesh with the grindstone 20. The right angle module m _n and the tooth right angle pressure angle α _n have the same shape as the grindstone 20. As will be described later in detail, at least one of the number of teeth z ₁ , the twist angle (pitch cylindrical twist angle) β ₀₁ , and the dislocation coefficient (transverse coefficient of the tooth right angle) x _n1 , which are the specifications of the gear, are different from each other. A seed work 46 is gear-honed by the common grindstone 20, and a dressing gear (gear for dressing) having a shape capable of meshing with the grindstone 20 before the machining.
The tooth flank of the grindstone 20 is dressed by this.

In the present invention, the types of the work 46 and the gear portion 48 of the dress gear are not particularly limited, and may be helical gears with β ₀₁ ≠ 0 as shown in the figure, or flat gears with β ₀₁ = 0. It may be a gear.

The work 46 and the dress gear are supported by a device as shown in FIG. This apparatus is provided with a headstock 50 and a tailstock 52 for holding the workpiece 46 and the like in the axial direction. The headstock 50 rotatably supports the main shaft 54 in a horizontal state, and includes a main shaft motor 62 that rotationally drives the main shaft 54. The end of the main shaft 54 is in pressure contact with one end of the work 46 in the axial direction. A holding unit 56 is provided. The tailstock 52 is installed on the bed 66, and the tailstock shaft 53 is moved in the direction of arrow A4 in FIG. 5 (workpiece axis direction).
It is slidably supported on. The tailing shaft 53 holds the holding part 6 in pressure contact with the other end of the work 46 in the axial direction.
9 is rotatably mounted via a thrust bearing (not shown), and the holding portion 69 and the tailstock shaft 53 are driven in the direction of approaching the headstock 50, so that the work 46 and the dress gear can be held. The driving force transmitted to the main shaft 54 is transmitted from the holding portion 56 to the work 46 by a frictional force. This spindle 54
Is driven to rotate only when the teeth of the workpiece 46 are indexed to a predetermined position in order to mesh the teeth of the workpiece 46 with the teeth of the grindstone 20, and after the teeth are meshed, the clutch (not shown) is switched to drive the spindle motor 62. The connection is released, and the work 46 and the dress gear are rotated together.

Further, this device is provided with an information input device 70 and a control device 80 as shown in FIG.

The information input device 70 is provided with an operation unit such as a keyboard, and is configured so that the following information can be input to the control device 80 by its operation.

Absolute Specifications So: Gear specifications common to all the workpieces 46, dress gears, and grindstones 20, and are specifications that are absolute conditions for the workpieces 46 and dress gears to mesh with the grindstones 20. Specifically, the tooth right angle module m _n and the tooth right angle pressure angle α _n are applicable.

Grindstone specifications Sg: Among the gear specifications of the grindstone 20, these are specifications other than the above-mentioned absolute specifications S0, and are specifications that do not change even if the tooth surface dressing described later is performed. Specifically, the number of teeth z ₂ of the grindstone 20 corresponds.

Work specifications Swa, Swb, ...: Gear specifications of each work 46 (hereinafter, referred to as A work, B work, C work ... depending on the type of work), other than the absolute specifications So. Specifications. That is, the work specifications Swa of the A work (number of teeth z _1A , twist angle β _01A , dislocation coefficient x
_n1A , involute start diameter (diameter corresponding to the point where the involute curve starts on the workpiece tooth surface)
d _fA ), work specifications Swb of B work (number of teeth z _1B , twist angle β _01B , dislocation coefficient x _n1B , involute start diameter d _fB ), ...

Dress gear specifications Sd: Gear specifications of the dress gear, which are specifications other than the absolute specifications So. Specifically, the number of teeth z _{1d of the} dress gear, the twist angle β _01d , the dislocation coefficient x _n1d , and the axis intersection angle γ _d with the grindstone 20 correspond to each other. However, in the case of adjusting the axial intersection angle gamma _d manually may not entering their crossed axes angle gamma _d.

Dressing specifications Sr: In this gear honing processing device, each time the type of the work 46 is changed (that is, the work is changed), the work 4 is changed.
In order to adjust the inner diameter (that is, the tip diameter) d _k2 of the grindstone 20 according to the involute starting diameter df of 6, the inner diameter dress (that is, the tip surface dressing) is performed. The outer diameter dr of the inner diameter grinding tool with the grindstone fixed to the surface is input as the dressing specifications Sr.

As shown in FIG. 1, the control device 80 includes a grindstone specification calculation means 81, a grindstone specification storage means 82, a work machining calculation means 83, a processing state storage means 84, an inner diameter dress calculation means 85, and a command. Means 86, grindstone turning control means 87,
Cutting drive control means 88 and dress state storage means 89
Is equipped with.

The grindstone parameter calculation means 81 is an information input device 7.
Each parameter input from 0 and the center-to-center distance a between the whetstone and the dressing gear stored in the dressing state storage means 89 described later.
_{Based on xd} and the axis crossing angle γ _d , the dislocation coefficient x _n2 and the twist angle β ₀₂ of the grindstone 20 immediately after the tooth surface is dressed under these conditions are calculated and stored in the grindstone specification storage means 82. is there.

The work machining operation means 83 is provided with the specifications input from the information input device 70 and the dislocation coefficient of the grindstone 20 which is calculated by the grindstone specification calculation means 81 and stored by the grindstone specification calculation means 82. Based on the (tooth right angle dislocation coefficient) x _n2 and the helix angle β ₀₂ , the work-grindstone center distance a _x and the axis crossing angle γ with which the workpiece 46 to be machined this time can be suitably meshed with the grindstone 20 are set. It is calculated and stored in the processing state storage means 84.

The inner diameter dressing calculation means (target whetstone tooth tip diameter calculation means) 85 includes the specifications input from the information input device 70 and the whetstone 20 stored in the whetstone specification storage means 82.
Based on the dislocation coefficient x _n2 and the twist angle β _{02 of} the workpiece and the workpiece-grindstone center-to-center distance a _x stored by the processing state storage means 84, and is necessary for processing the workpiece having the involute start diameter d _f1. The inner diameter d _k2 of 20 is calculated, and the grindstone-dressing center distance Dc for dressing the inner surface of the grindstone 20 so as to obtain this inner diameter d _k2 .

The command means 86 is a tooth surface dress of the grindstone 20,
In order to perform internal diameter dressing and continuous machining of the same type of workpieces (workpieces with the same number of teeth, twist angle, dislocation coefficient, and involute start diameter), the grinding wheel turning control is performed during tooth surface dressing and inside diameter dressing. A command signal is output to the means 87 and the cutting drive control means 88, and a command signal is output to the cutting drive control means 88 during continuous workpiece machining. Further, the commanding means 86 is based on the grindstone inner diameter d _k2 calculated by the inner diameter dressing calculating means 85.
In order to obtain the tooth height of the grindstone 20 corresponding to the grindstone inner diameter d _k2, it plays a role as a tooth height control means for selectively executing the tooth surface dressing or the inner diameter dressing of the grindstone 20, and a dressing dress request signal. If is entered,
The whetstone stored in the dressing state storage means 89 described later-
Doresugia center distance based on a _xd and crossed axes angle gamma _d also serves as a tooth surface dress control means for causing the tooth surface dress the grinding wheel.

The grindstone turning control means 87, when a command signal is input from the command means 86 during the tooth surface dressing, the axis crossing angle γ stored in the dress state storage means 89.
The operation of the grindstone turning motor 40 is controlled so as to obtain _d , and when the command signal is input from the command means 86 during the inner diameter dressing, the axis crossing angle γ stored in the processing state storage means 84 is stored. Grindstone turning motor 40
Is to operate.

The cutting drive control means 88 constitutes the processing control means in the present invention together with the grindstone turning control means 87, and when a command signal is input from the command means 86 during the tooth surface dressing, The distance a between the whetstone and the dress gear center stored in the dress state storage means 89.
_The drive of the cutting drive motor 44 is controlled so as to obtain _xd , and when the command signal is input from the command means 86 during the continuous machining of the workpiece, the center of the work grindstone stored in the machining state storage means 84 is stored. When the driving of the cutting drive motor 44 is controlled so as to obtain the inter-distance a _x, and the command signal is input from the command means 86 during the inner diameter dressing,
The drive of the cutting drive motor 44 is controlled so that the grindstone-dressing center distance Dc calculated by the inner diameter dressing calculation means 85 is obtained.

When the tooth surface of the grindstone 20 is dressed by the dress gear, the dressing state storage means 89 stores the grindstone-dress gear center distance a _xd and the axis crossing angle γ _d immediately after the dressing. .

Next, the grindstone 20 performed in this apparatus
The dressing control and the work processing control of will be described with reference to the flowcharts of FIGS. In addition, the basic meshing equations that are premised on the arithmetic operations described below are as shown in Table 1 below.

[0037]

[Table 1]

1) Teaching operation (step S in FIG. 6)
1): After the grindstone 20 is replaced in the gear honing device, the tooth flanks of the grindstone 20 are dressed. To perform this tooth flank dressing, the dressing gear and grindstone supported by the supporting device shown in FIG. It is necessary to mesh with the wheel 20, and in order to carry out this meshing, it is necessary to appropriately adjust the center distance a _xd between the grindstone 20 and the dress gear and the axis crossing angle γ _d . Here, in the present embodiment, the axis crossing angle γ _d is input in advance from the information input device 70 to the control device 80 as dress gear specifications, and only the center-to-center distance a _xd is manually adjusted by the operator. . More specifically, the rotational position of the grindstone 20 is manually adjusted so that the grindstone 20 can be meshed with the workpiece 46 after the grindstone 20 is tilted by the grindstone turning motor 40 so as to obtain the axis crossing angle γ _d. Further, the grindstone 20 is manually transferred in the cutting direction until the backlash between the grindstone 20 and the gear portion 48 of the work 46 disappears. After the engagement adjustment is completed in this way, a teaching switch (not shown) provided in the information input device 70 is operated. By this switch operation, the distance a _xd between the grindstone and the dress gear center and the axis crossing angle γ at the time of the operation
_d is input to the dressing state storage means 89 and stored therein.

2) Tooth surface dressing operation (step S2): With the dressing gear and the grindstone 20 meshing with each other as described above, the grindstone 20 is driven to rotate at a predetermined rotational speed by the operation of the grindstone driving motor 24. Along with this, the dress gear that is in pressure contact with the grindstone 20 also rotates, and the tooth surface of the grindstone 20 is dressed by this dress gear.

3) Grinding wheel specification calculation (step S3): Grinding wheel 2 changed by this tooth surface dressing after completion of tooth surface dressing
The gear specifications of 0, that is, the grinding wheel dislocation coefficient (tooth right angle dislocation coefficient) x _n2 and the helix angle (pitch cylinder helix angle) β ₀₂ are
It is calculated by the grindstone specification calculation means 81 based on the specifications input from the information input device 70, the center-to-center distance a _xd and the axis crossing angle γ _d stored in the dress state storage means 89.

The wheel dislocation coefficient x _n2 and the twist angle β ₀₂
The calculation principle of is as follows.

A) Principle of calculating grindstone twist angle β ₀₂ :
The following equation is obtained from the equation 14 in Table 1 above.

[0043]

[Equation 1]

By substituting the 12 equations in Table 1 into this and arranging them, the following is obtained.

[0045]

[Equation 2]

On the other hand, the following equation is obtained from the equation 15 in Table 1.

[0047]

[Equation 3]

By substituting (Equation 2) into this (Equation 3), the following equation is obtained.

[0049]

[Equation 4]

Substituting this (Equation 4) into the formula of the addition theorem of trigonometric function (tangent), the following equation is obtained.

[0051]

[Equation 5]

Here, C = tan (β _b1 −β _b2 ) (= tan
γ _d ), P = tanβ ₀₁ · tanβ ₀₂ , Q = tanβ ₀₁ −tanβ ₀₂
Then, the following equation is obtained.

[0053]

[Equation 6]

By _modifying (Equation 6), the following quadratic equation for (2a _xd / m _n ) is obtained.

[0055]

[Equation 7]

By solving this quadratic equation and adopting only the effective solution, the equation relating to a _xd can be obtained as follows.

[0057]

[Equation 8]

In this (Equation 8), since all values other than β ₀₂ are given, the twist angle β ₀₂ can be obtained by searching for β ₀₂ that can obtain a _xd in this equation. .

[0059] b) calculation principle of the wheel addendum modification coefficient x _n2: the following equation is obtained when the Formula 8 in Table 1 solved for grinding addendum modification coefficient x _n2.

[0060]

[Equation 9]

On the other hand, when the equation 10 in Table 1 is solved for α _bn , the following equation is obtained.

[0062]

[Equation 10]

The following equation is obtained by solving equation 11 in Table 1 for y.

[0064]

[Equation 11]

By substituting y obtained from this (Equation 11) into the above (Equation 10) and substituting α _bn obtained from this (Equation 10) into the above (Equation 9), the wheel dislocation coefficient x _n2 Can be obtained.

4) A work machining operation (step S
4): When the wheel displacement coefficient x _n2 and the helix angle β ₀₂ are obtained, the center-to-center distance a _xA and the axis crossing angle γ _A for properly engaging the A workpiece with the wheel 20 are calculated.

Specifically, the center-to-center distance a _xA is equivalent to the corresponding spur gear tooth numbers z _v1 and z _v2 given by the formula 6 in Table 1 above, and Table 8 below.
Table 10 shows the tooth contact angle angle α _bn given by the formula
Substituting into the formula, the center-to-center distance increase coefficient y obtained by this
Is calculated by substituting into the formula 11 in the same table. Also,
The axis crossing angle γ _A is obtained by converting the pitch circle diameters d ₀₁ and d ₀₂ obtained by the equation 12 in Table 1 above and the meshing pitch circle diameters d _b1 and d _b2 given by the equation 14 in the table 15 into the equation 15 in the table. Substituting, the mesh pitch obtained by this, cylindrical twist angles β _b1 , β
It is calculated by substituting _b2 into the equation γ _A = β _b1 −β _b2 . The center-to-center distance a _xA and the axis crossing angle γ _A are stored in the processing state storage means 84.

5) Calculation operation for inner diameter dress (step S
5): Involute start based on the grinding wheel dislocation coefficient x _n2 and the twist angle β ₀₂ after the tooth surface dressing calculated by the above grinding wheel specification calculation operation, and the center-to-center distance a _xA stored in the machining state storage means 84. A target grindstone inner diameter d _k2A capable of machining an A workpiece having a diameter d _fA is calculated. Here, at the beginning of processing, the actual tooth height of the grindstone 20 is the target grindstone inner diameter d.
_Since it is always larger than the tooth height corresponding to _k2A , this grindstone 2
In order to match the actual whetstone inner diameter of 0 to the target whetstone inner diameter d _k2A , it is necessary to dress the inner surface (tooth surface) of the grindstone 20 with a dress ring, and the distance D between the whetstone-dressing center for performing this dressing. _{cA is} also calculated.

Generally, the principle for calculating the target grindstone inner diameter d _k2 is as follows. As shown in FIG. 9, when the grindstone 20 and the workpiece 46 are in mesh with each other, the contact point P between them is
And the center Og of the grindstone corresponds to 1/2 of the inner diameter d _k2 of the grindstone. The contact point P is an intersection of a circle Cf having a diameter of the involute start diameter d _f1 and a tangent line of the work base circle Cg and a straight line Lb having a front _engagement pressure angle α _bs1 of the work 46 as an inclination angle. The front _meshing pressure angle α _bs1 can be calculated from the formula 9 in Table 1 and the calculation result of the above-mentioned grindstone specification calculation operation. Here, the formulas for the circle Cr and the straight line Lb are as follows.

[0070]

[Equation 12]

This (Equation 12) is a simultaneous equation relating to X and Y, and the solution is the coordinates of the contact point P. Here, if variables u, v, and w as shown in (Equation 13) are introduced and substituted into (Equation 12) above, and simultaneous equations are solved and only the effective solutions are adopted, X of the contact point P is calculated. (Equation 14) is obtained as an expression representing the coordinate x.

[0072]

[Equation 13]

[0073]

[Equation 14]

On the other hand, the intersection of the straight line connecting the contact point P and the work center point Ow with the Y axis is expressed by the following equation.

[0075]

[Equation 15]

Further, the following equation is established by the Pythagorean theorem.

[0077]

[Equation 16]

Therefore, by substituting (Expression 14) and (Expression 15) into this (Expression 16), the target grindstone inner diameter (diameter) d _k2 can be obtained. Based on the target grindstone inner diameter d _k2A for A workpiece machining calculated in this way, the grindstone-dressing center distance D _cA = (d _k2A −dr) / 2 is calculated.

6) Grindstone turning motor operation (step S
6): Here, the grindstone turning control means 87 is provided so that the axis crossing angle γ _A for A work machining calculated by the A work machining operation and stored in the machining state storage means 84 can be obtained.
Under the drive control by the above, the inclination of the grindstone 20 is adjusted to the inclination at which the grindstone 20 and the A work can be meshed with each other by the operation of the grindstone turning motor 40.

7) Inner diameter dressing operation (step S7): The supporting device shown in FIG.
The r dress ring is attached. Then, while the grindstone 20 is rotationally driven by the grindstone drive motor 24, a cut is made so that the grindstone 20 is cut and fed to the dressing ring until the center distance between the dressing ring and the grindstone 20 becomes the above value D _cA. The drive control means 88 controls the cutting drive motor 44. As a result, the grindstone 20 is dressed until its inner diameter reaches the target grindstone inner diameter d _k2A .

8) A work machining (steps S8, S
9): A work is mounted in place of the dressing on the supporting device shown in FIG. 5, and the current axial crossing angle is equal to the axial crossing angle γ _A stored in the machining state storage means 84. After confirmation (step S8), step S2
An operation similar to the tooth flank dressing operation is performed in the gear honing device. That is, the A workpiece and the grindstone 20 are automatically meshed with each other in the zero backlash state by using the axis crossing angle γ _A and the center-to-center distance a _xA , and the operation of rotating the grindstone 20 is performed in this state. As a result, the tooth surface of the work A is processed by the grindstone 20. Such an operation is continuously performed for all A workpieces (NO in step S10), and when the machining of all A workpieces is completed (YES in step S10), the stage is changed to the machining stage for B workpieces. (Step S11).

9) B work machining calculation (step S12 in FIG. 7): In this B work machining stage, first, the work machining calculation means 83 causes the grindstone specifications stored in the grindstone specification storage means 82 ( That is, the step S3
Based on the wheel displacement coefficient x _n2 and the wheel twist angle β ₀₂ ) calculated in the wheel specification operation of _{No. 2} and the gear specification Sb of the B work,
The center-to-center distance a _xB and the axis crossing angle γ _B for properly engaging the B work with the grindstone 20 are calculated.

Specifically, the center-to-center distance a _xB is equivalent to the spur gear tooth numbers z _v1 and z _v2 given by the equation 6 in Table 1 above, and Table 8 below.
Table 10 shows the tooth contact angle angle α _bn given by the formula
Substituting into the formula, the center-to-center distance increase coefficient y obtained by this
Is calculated by substituting into the formula 11 in the same table. Also,
The axis crossing angle γ _B is obtained by converting the pitch circle diameters d ₀₁ and d ₀₂ obtained by the equation 12 in Table 1 above and the meshing pitch circle diameters d _b1 and d _b2 given by the equation 14 into the equation 15 into the equation. Substituting, the mesh pitch obtained by this, cylindrical twist angles β _b1 , β
It is calculated by substituting _b2 into the equation γ _B = β _b1 −β _b2 . The center-to-center distance a _xB and the axis crossing angle γ _B are stored in the processing state storage means 84.

10) Calculation of target wheel inner diameter (step S1
3): The center-to-center distance a _xB stored in the processing state storage means 84 and the grindstone specifications stored in the grindstone specification storage means 82 (that is, calculated by the grindstone specification operation in step S3). Wheel dislocation coefficient x _n2 and wheel twist angle β ₀₂ )
Based on the above, the target grindstone inner diameter d _k2B that enables machining of the B workpiece having the involute start diameter d _fB is calculated by the same calculation operation as in step S5.

11) _{Comparison of the} target grindstone inner diameter d _k2B and the actual grindstone inner diameter (that is, the previous target grindstone inner diameter) d _k2A (step S14): By such comparison, the B workpiece having the involute start diameter d _fB is obtained. A dressing motion suitable for machining is selected. Specifically, the target grindstone inner diameter d
_k2B and actual grinding wheel inner diameter (that is, previous target grinding wheel inner diameter)
When d _k2A is approximately equal, that is, both inner diameters d _k2B , d
_If the difference in _k2A is within the preset small range,
Immediately transferred to the B work machining operation, the target grindstone inner diameter d
_k2B is the actual wheel inner diameter (that is, the previous target wheel inner diameter)
When it is larger than d _k2A by a certain amount or more, that is, when the actual tooth height of the grindstone 20 is larger than the tooth height corresponding to the target grindstone inner diameter d _k2B (YES in step S14), the actual grindstone inner diameter of this grindstone 20. To match the target grindstone inner diameter d _k2B , first, the grindstone turning motor 40 is operated to incline the grindstone 20 until the axis crossing angle between the B work and the grindstone 20 matches the value γ _B (step S15). Whetstone 2
After making 0 and the B work capable of meshing with each other, the grinding wheel-dressing center distance D _cB = (d _k2B −dr) / 2 calculated based on the target grinding wheel inner diameter d _k2B The work of dressing the inner surface (tooth surface) with the dressing is automatically performed (step S16). On the contrary, when the target grindstone inner diameter d _k2B is smaller than the actual grindstone inner diameter (that is, the previous target grindstone inner diameter) d _k2A by a certain amount or more, that is, the tooth height of the actual grindstone 20 corresponds to the target grindstone inner diameter d _k2B. If it is smaller than the above, the tooth surface of the grindstone 20 is dressed by the dress gear in order to match the tooth heights.

12) B work machining (steps S17, S
18): After the tooth height adjustment as described above, the B workpiece is mounted on the supporting device shown in FIG. 5, and the current axial crossing angle is equal to the axial crossing angle γ _B stored in the machining state storage means 84. After it is confirmed (step S17), the same operation as step S9 is performed for the B work this time.
That is, the B workpiece and the grindstone 20 are automatically meshed with each other in the zero backlash state by using the axis crossing angle γ _B and the center-to-center distance a _xB , and the operation of rotating the grindstone 20 is performed in this state. As a result, the tooth surface of the B work is the grinding stone 20
Processed by. Such an operation is continuously performed for all B workpieces (NO in step S19), and when the machining of all B workpieces is completed (step S19).
YES), the stage is changed to the machining stage for C work (step S20). Hereinafter, by repeating the above-described operation, a plurality of types of works (A work, B work, C work, ...) With the single grindstone 20 are automatically processed.

Incidentally, in the middle of these works, the grindstone 20
When a request for a tooth flank dressing for dressing is input for reasons such as the sharpening of the tooth flank, or when the tooth flank dress is selected as the tooth height adjusting operation in step S14, the tooth flank dress as shown in FIG. The routine is executed. That is, the inclination of the grindstone 20 is adjusted by the operation of the grindstone turning motor 40 based on the grindstone-dress gear axis crossing angle γ _d stored in the dressing state storage means 89 (step SD).
1) In this way, after the axis crossing angle γ _d at which the grindstone 20 and the dress gear can mesh with each other is reproduced, the grindstone-dress gear center distance a also stored in the dress state storage means 89.
Drive control of the cutting drive motor 44 is performed based on _xd, and the tooth surface of the grindstone 20 is dressed by the dress gear (step SD2). After the target tooth height is obtained in this manner, the value obtained by adding the tooth surface dressing amount δ _d to the above value a _xd is newly stored in the dressing state storage means 89 as the center-to-center distance a _xd. Based on the distance a _xd and the axis crossing angle γ _d , the gear specifications of the grindstone 20 (that is, the dislocation coefficient x _n2 and the helix angle γ ₀₂ ) changed by the tooth surface dressing are calculated (step SD3).

According to such a method and apparatus, the grindstone 2
After performing the tooth surface dressing of 0, a grinding wheel specification calculation operation based on the dressing state is performed, and each grinding wheel specification calculation operation (that is, the grinding wheel dislocation coefficient x _n2 and the grinding wheel twist angle β ₀₂ ) is performed. When the workpiece machining operation is performed on the workpiece, when machining various workpieces (A workpiece, B workpiece, C workpiece, ...), each workpiece is automatically processed using the computation result of the workpiece machining operation. The processing can be started by meshing with the grindstone 20. Therefore, compared to the conventional case where the work-grinding wheel center distance and the axis crossing angle are manually adjusted every time the machining of the work is started, the burden on the operator can be significantly reduced, and the single grindstone 20 can be used. It is possible to dramatically improve the work machining efficiency and the machining accuracy.

Further, in this embodiment, before the machining of each work, the work involute start diameter d is calculated based on the calculation results of the above-mentioned grindstone specification calculation operation and the calculation operation for work processing.
_The target grinding wheel inner diameter d _k2 that matches _f1 is calculated, and the dressing operation (inner diameter dress or tooth surface dressing) suitable for tooth height adjustment is selected based on this target grinding wheel inner diameter d _k2. Not only the operation but also the tooth height adjustment operation before that can be automated. Also, when selecting a tooth surface dress as the dressing operation for adjusting the tooth height,
When there is a request for dressing dress grindstone stored dress state storage means 89 - Doresugia center distance a _xd
And the axial crossing angle a _xd can be used to easily and quickly perform the tooth surface dressing, and after the tooth flank dressing, the grindstones can be dressed based on the grinding wheel-dressing gear center distance a _xd and the axial crossing angle a _xd. By re-executing the original calculation operation, an appropriate work machining operation can be restarted.

The tooth height adjusting operation can be omitted if the work involute starting diameter d _k2 does not require high accuracy.

Further, the present invention is not limited to such an embodiment, but the following modes can be adopted as an example.

(1) In the above embodiment, the internal gear-shaped grindstone 20 is used.
Dress the tooth flank of this with an external gear-shaped dress gear,
Although an external gear-shaped workpiece is machined using 0, the present invention dresses the tooth surface of an external gear-shaped grindstone with an internal gear-shaped dress gear, and uses this grindstone to form an internal gear-shaped workpiece. It can also be applied to those processed. In this case, the required grindstone outer diameter may be calculated as the necessary grindstone tooth tip diameter, and the outer diameter dressing for dressing the outer diameter surface of the grindstone may be performed as the tooth tip surface dressing.

(2) In the case of performing the above-mentioned dressing on the tooth top surface, regardless of the specific means for performing the dressing, in addition to the dressing ring shown in the above-mentioned embodiment, a grindstone in the form of a small piece is pressed against the tooth top surface. You may do it.

[0094]

As described above, according to the present invention, after the tooth surface of the grindstone is dressed using the dressing gear, the center distance between the dressing gear and the grindstone immediately after the tooth surface dressing, the axis crossing angle, and the dressing Based on the gear specifications of the gear for use and the number of teeth of the grindstone, the gear specifications of the grindstone changed by the tooth surface dressing (displacement coefficient, twist angle, etc.) are calculated, and based on the calculated gear specifications of the grindstone. Therefore, before machining each workpiece, the workpiece-grindstone center distance and the axis crossing angle for properly meshing this workpiece with the grindstone are calculated. The workpiece can be quickly and easily meshed with the grindstone by utilizing the center-to-center distance and the axis-crossing angle calculated. Therefore, as compared with the conventional case where the distance between the workpiece and the grindstone center and the axis crossing angle are manually adjusted each time the tooth surface is dressed, the burden on the operator can be significantly reduced, and a single grindstone is used. This has the effect of dramatically improving the work machining efficiency and the machining accuracy.

Further, the method according to claim 2 and claim 5
In the device described above, before machining each work, based on the wheel specifications of the grindstone obtained by the above calculation and the grindstone-dress gear center distance and the involute start diameter of the work tooth surface, the grindstone teeth necessary for machining the work. Since the tip diameter is calculated and the dressing operation necessary for adjusting the tooth height of the grindstone is selected based on this tooth tip diameter, it is also possible to automate the grindstone tooth height adjustment work for processing each workpiece. It is possible to improve the work efficiency.

Further, in the method according to claim 3 and the apparatus according to claim 6, when the tooth flank dressing of the grindstone is requested, the grindstone stored after the previous tooth flank dressing operation is stored.
Tooth face dressing can be performed easily and quickly using the distance between the center of the dress gear and the axis crossing angle, and after the tooth face dressing, the grindstone specifications are calculated based on the distance between the center of the grindstone-dress gear and the axis crossing angle. By re-executing the operation, there is an effect that an appropriate work machining operation can be restarted.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a functional configuration of an information input device and a control device provided in a gear honing processing device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a front view of the gear honing processing device.

FIG. 3 is a side view of the gear honing processing device.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which a grindstone and a work are engaged with each other in the gear honing processing device.

FIG. 5 is a front view of a work supporting device provided in the gear honing processing device.

FIG. 6 is a part of a flowchart showing a calculation control operation performed by the control device.

FIG. 7 is a part of a flowchart showing an arithmetic control operation performed by the control device.

FIG. 8 is a part of a flowchart showing a calculation control operation performed by the control device.

FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram showing a relationship between respective specifications when the grindstone and the work are engaged with each other in the gear honing processing apparatus.

[Explanation of symbols]

20 grindstone 24 grindstone driving motor 38 axis crossing angle adjusting device 44 cutting drive motor (distance adjusting means) 46 work 48 gear part 70 information input device 80 control device 81 grindstone parameter storage device 82 grindstone parameter storage device 83 work machining calculation Means 84 Machining state storage means 85 Inner diameter dressing computing means 86 Command means (tooth height control means) 87 Grinding wheel turning control means (machining control means, tooth surface dressing control means and tooth tip dressing control means) 88 Depth drive control means ( Machining control means, tooth surface dressing control means, and tooth top surface dressing control means) 89 Dressing state storage means

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Yoshihiro Teramoto 3-1, Shinchi, Fuchu-cho, Aki-gun, Hiroshima Prefecture Mazda Motor Corporation

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A gear honing for machining tooth surfaces of a plurality of kinds of gear-shaped works, each of which has at least one of the number of teeth, the twist angle, and the dislocation coefficient different from each other, with a single grindstone that meshes with these works. In the processing method, after dressing the tooth surface of the grindstone by rotating the whetstone and the dressing gear by meshing the dressing gear with the whetstone, the dressing gear and the whetstone immediately after the tooth surface dressing Based on the center-to-center distance and the axis crossing angle, the gear specifications of the dressing gear, and the number of teeth of the grindstone, the grinding wheel specification calculation operation is performed to calculate the gear specification of the grinding wheel changed by the tooth surface dressing, and various Before machining the work, the wheel specifications and the gear specifications of the work in which the center-to-center distance between these works and the grinding stone and the axis crossing angle for meshing this work with the above-mentioned work are calculated by the above-mentioned grindstone specification calculation operation. Based on It is characterized in that the workpiece machining arithmetic operation is performed, and the workpiece is meshed with the grindstone by using the center-to-center distance and the axis crossing angle calculated by the workpiece machining arithmetic operation, and the workpiece is gear honing processed. Gear honing processing method. 2. The gear honing processing method according to claim 1, wherein, after the work operation for machining the work and before machining the work, the center distance between the work and the grindstone calculated by the work operation for the work machining. Based on the wheel specifications and the involute start diameter of the work tooth surface calculated by the above wheel specification calculation operation, the target wheel tip diameter necessary for machining the workpiece is calculated, and this target wheel tip diameter is calculated. When the height of the corresponding tooth is smaller than the actual tooth height by a certain amount or more, the tooth tip surface of the grindstone is dressed based on the target grindstone tip diameter, and the tooth corresponding to the target grindstone tip diameter A gear honing method, characterized in that when the height is larger than the actual tooth height by a certain amount or more, the tooth surface of the grindstone is dressed so that the tooth height corresponding to the target grindstone tip diameter is obtained. 3. The gear honing method according to claim 1, wherein a center distance and an axis crossing angle between the dressing gear and the grindstone are stored immediately after the dressing gear tooth surface is dressed by the dressing gear. When there is a request for tooth surface dressing, the dressing gear is meshed with the grindstone by using the stored center-to-center distance and the axial crossing angle, and the tooth flank of this grindstone is dressed. Honing processing characterized by re-executing the above-mentioned grindstone data calculation operation based on the center-to-center distance between the working gear and the grindstone and the axis crossing angle, the gear specifications of the dressing gear, and the number of teeth of the grindstone. Method. 4. A gear honing for machining tooth surfaces of a plurality of types of gear-shaped works having at least one of the number of teeth, the twist angle, and the dislocation coefficient different from each other with a single grindstone meshing with these works. A machining device, an information input means for inputting information about gear specifications of the work and gear specifications of a dressing gear for dressing the tooth surface of the grindstone, and a center-to-center distance between the grindstone and the work. And distance adjusting means for adjusting the center-to-center distance between the grindstone and the dressing gear, an axial crossing angle adjusting means for adjusting the axial crossing angle between the grindstone and the workpiece, and the axial crossing angle between the grinding stone and the dressing gear, and Immediately after the tooth flank of the grindstone is dressed by meshing with the dressing gear, the center distance between the dressing gear and the grindstone and the axis crossing angle, the gear specifications of the dressing gear input by the information input means, and the above Of whetstone Based on the number of teeth, a grindstone specification calculation means for calculating the gear specifications of the grindstone changed by the tooth surface dressing, and before the processing of various works, based on the grindstone specifications calculated by the grindstone specification calculation means. Workpiece computing means for computing the center-to-center distance between these workpieces and the grindstone for meshing the workpiece with the grindstone, and the axis-to-axis crossing angle, and the center-to-center distance and the axis-to-axis crossing angle calculated by the workpiece-machining computing means Based on the above, a machining control means for controlling the operation of the distance adjusting means and the axis crossing angle adjusting means so as to adjust the center-to-center distance between the work and the grindstone and the axis crossing angle at the time of processing the work are provided. Characteristic gear honing machine. 5. The gear honing processing apparatus according to claim 4, wherein before the processing of various works, the wheel gear specifications calculated by the grinding wheel specification calculation means and the works calculated by the work processing calculation means. A target grindstone tip diameter calculating means for calculating the target grindstone tip diameter necessary for machining the work based on the center distance between the grinding wheel and the involute start diameter of the work tooth surface, and the target grindstone tip diameter When the height of the corresponding tooth is smaller than the actual tooth height by a certain amount or more, the tooth tip surface of the grindstone is dressed based on the target grindstone tip diameter, and the tooth corresponding to the target grindstone tip diameter. When the height is larger than the actual tooth height by a certain amount or more, it is provided with tooth height control means for dressing the tooth surface of the grindstone so that the tooth height corresponding to the target grindstone tooth tip diameter is obtained. Featured gear honing Processing equipment. 6. The gear honing apparatus according to claim 4 or 5, wherein a dressing state memory stores a center-to-center distance between a dressing gear and a grindstone immediately after dressing a tooth surface of the grindstone by the dressing gear and an axis crossing angle. Means and the tooth face dressing, the dressing gear is meshed with the grindstone by using the center-to-center distance and the axis crossing angle stored by the dressing state storage means to dress the tooth flank of the grindstone. With the tooth surface dressing control means to do, the center distance and the axis crossing angle between the dressing gear and the grindstone immediately after the tooth surface dressing, the gear specifications of the dressing gear, and the number of teeth of the grindstone, the A gear honing device, characterized in that the above-mentioned grindstone data calculation means is configured to calculate the gear data of the grindstone changed by dressing.