JPH07295340A - Electrophotographic photoreceptor, process cartridge and electrophotographic device provided with it - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide an electrophotographic photoreceptor constituted so that the end part hardly wears and an excellent image is obtained even when an electrostatic charge means is directly applied and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic device provided with it. CONSTITUTION:The electrophotographic photoreceptor 1 provided with a photoreceptive layer on an electrical conductive supporting body is electrostatically charged by impressing a voltage on an electrostatic charge member 6 arranged by being brought into contact with the photoreceptor 1. Thereby, the photoreceptor 1 at the end part of an area, where it can be brought into contact with the electrostatic charge member 6, comes to have a high impedance (OMEGA.cm). The process cartridge and the electrophotographic device are provided with this photoreceptor 1.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photoreceptor,
Specifically, it relates to an electrophotographic photosensitive member for direct charging having a specific layer structure. The present invention also relates to a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus having the electrophotographic photosensitive member.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art An electrophotographic photosensitive member having a layer containing a resin as a main component and a resin layer containing a photoconductive substance has advantages such as extremely high productivity and relatively low cost. In addition, it has an advantage that the characteristics can be easily controlled by selecting a photoconductive substance to be used, and it is one of the mainstream electrophotographic photoreceptors at present.

On the other hand, as a charging means used in an electrophotographic apparatus, conventionally, a charging means utilizing a corona discharge generated by applying a high voltage to a wire has been generally used. However, in recent years, since it has advantages such as low applied voltage and extremely small amount of ozone generated, voltage is applied to a roller-shaped or blade-shaped charging member arranged in contact with the electrophotographic photosensitive member. By doing so, so-called direct charging means for charging the photosensitive member has been put into practical use.
Further, as a method of performing more uniform charging by the direct charging means, a method of using a pulsating current voltage obtained by superimposing a DC voltage and an AC voltage as an applied voltage has been proposed.

[0004]

However, when the direct charging means is used, the photoconductor may be worn out as it is repeatedly used. In particular, the end portion was more likely to be worn than the central portion of the contact area between the charging member and the photosensitive member. Moreover, this tendency was more remarkable when the applied voltage was a pulsating current voltage in which a DC voltage and an AC voltage were superimposed. In addition, in order to increase the process speed of the electrophotographic device,
This tendency became stronger when the peak-to-peak voltage of the applied voltage was increased or the frequency was increased. Further, when the layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member contains a resin, the layer is usually formed by a dip coating method, and the layer thickness of the portion at the upper end at the time of coating of the layer formed by this method is However, the thickness of the portion at the lower end is likely to be smaller than that at the lower end, but when such a photoreceptor is used, the portion having a small layer thickness is more easily worn.

When the layer thickness on the conductive support of the photoconductor becomes thin due to abrasion, the surface potential at that portion becomes low, the image density decreases in the regular development, and fog occurs in the reversal development. . Further, when the wear is severe, dielectric breakdown occurs and streak-shaped image defects occur.

It is an object of the present invention to provide an electrophotographic photosensitive member which is less likely to wear its end even if a direct charging means is applied and which can obtain an excellent image.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus having the above electrophotographic photosensitive member.

[0008]

The inventors of the present invention have considered that the above-mentioned problems are caused by Joule heat of a current flowing through a photosensitive member when a voltage is applied, and have arrived at the present invention. . That is, when the charging member is brought into contact with the photoconductor, a pressing force is more likely to be applied to the end portion than to the center of the charging member, so that the contact area becomes larger at the end portion of the contact region, and more current flows. It is easy to wear, because AC current flows more easily than DC current, so it wears more easily.If the peak-to-peak voltage of the applied voltage is larger, the current easily flows, so it is easier to wear, and the higher the applied voltage frequency is, the higher the impedance of the circuit. It is considered that the film thickness is small and a larger current flows, so that the film is easily worn, and that the thinner the layer thickness is, the smaller the impedance is, and the larger current flows, and therefore the film is easily worn.

The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a photosensitive layer on a conductive support, the electrophotographic photosensitive member being charged by applying a voltage to a charging member arranged in contact with the electrophotographic photosensitive member. The electrophotographic photosensitive member is characterized in that the electrophotographic photosensitive member at an end portion of a region where the electrophotographic photosensitive member and the charging member can contact each other has a high impedance (Ω · cm).

The present invention also provides a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus having the above electrophotographic photosensitive member.

As a method for the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention to have a high impedance (Ω · cm), the electrophotographic photosensitive member has a high impedance (Ω) between the photosensitive layer and the conductive support at least at its end. It is preferred to have an intermediate layer having Further, the electrophotographic photosensitive member has at least one intermediate layer having a high impedance (Ω · cm) between the photosensitive layer at the end portion and the conductive support, and the photosensitive layer at other than the end portion. It is preferable not to have at least one of the intermediate layers between the layer and the conductive support.

That is, for example, when the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention has one intermediate layer at the end, it does not have the intermediate layer at the center (FIG. 1) and has two intermediate layers at the end. In some cases, the central portion has one intermediate layer (FIG. 2) or no intermediate layer (not shown). 1 and 2, 1 is an electrophotographic photosensitive member, 2 is a conductive support,
Reference numerals 3 and 4 denote intermediate layers, 5 denotes a photosensitive layer, and 6 denotes a charging member. While the intermediate layer 3 has a high impedance, the intermediate layer 4 preferably has a high impedance in terms of measures against wear, but it does not necessarily have to have it. This is because high impedance is disadvantageous in terms of sensitivity and residual potential. Therefore, in consideration of this point, it can be said that it is preferable that the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention does not have high impedance other than the end portions.

According to the present invention, the structure described above makes it difficult for an electric current to flow to the end portion, that is, it is difficult to scrape the photoconductor, and even if scraped, the total layer thickness is increased by the thickness of the intermediate layer, so that the surface potential becomes extremely low. It was possible to prevent the occurrence of dielectric breakdown.

The high impedance in the present invention is preferably 10 ¹⁵ Ω · cm or more, and particularly preferably 10 ¹⁶ Ω · cm or more. The impedance measuring method in the present invention is as follows.

First, a layer having the same structure as that formed on the photoreceptor is provided on an aluminum plate, and an electrode is formed by vapor deposition of gold on the surface of the layer. Next, an AC voltage (potential between peaks: 2 kV, frequency: 80) was applied to this electrode under normal temperature and humidity.
0 Hz) is applied, the effective value of the current flowing through the aluminum plate is measured, and the impedance is obtained.

The thickness of the intermediate layer having a high impedance in the present invention is preferably 1 to 100 μm, and particularly preferably 2 to 30 μm.

Considering the possibility that the photosensitive layer may be lost due to severe abrasion, the intermediate layer having a high impedance of the present invention preferably has a higher hardness. Specifically, the pencil hardness is preferably 4H or more.

The material for forming the intermediate layer as described above can be selected from a wide range of resins, but a material having a small dielectric constant is preferable in terms of impedance, and a resin having a crosslinked structure is preferable in terms of hardness. preferable. Specifically, phenol resin, polyester resin, epoxy resin and the like are preferable.

The intermediate layer may contain a filler such as glass fiber.

The area where the photosensitive member and the charging member can contact in the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 3. In FIG. 3, 7 is an electrophotographic photosensitive member and 8 is a charging member.
The areas that can come into contact are all the areas on the photoconductor where the photoconductors 1 and 7 and the charging members 6 and 8 come into contact, and are the regions indicated by A and B. Further, the end portion of the area is a portion within the contactable area and not including the image forming area A, and is a portion indicated by B. The electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention has a high impedance at least at this end. Further, it is preferable that the electrophotographic photosensitive member has a higher impedance in the area of the end portion and at least 3 mm from the end C of the contactable area, and particularly preferably in the portion of 5 mm.
The impedance of the electrophotographic photosensitive member outside the contactable region D is not particularly limited.

The photosensitive layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention comprises a single layer type containing a charge generating substance and a charge transporting substance in the same layer, and a charge generating layer containing the charge generating substance and a charge transporting substance. It is roughly classified into a laminated type having a charge transport layer. The laminated type is further classified into a type having a conductive support, a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer in this order and a type having a conductive support, a charge transport layer and a charge generation layer in this order. In the present invention, a laminated type, particularly a type in which a charge transport layer is laminated on a charge generation layer, is preferable.

The charge generating layer may be formed by vacuum-depositing the charge generating substance on a conductive support or by dispersing a solution of the charge generating substance in a binder resin using a suitable solvent to form a known solution on the conductive support. It can be formed by applying by a method and drying. The film thickness is preferably 5 μm or less, and particularly preferably 0.1 to 1 μm.

As the charge generating substance, azo pigments such as monoazo, bisazo and trisazo; phthalocyanine pigments such as metal phthalocyanine and metal-free phthalocyanine; indigo pigments such as indigo and thioindigo;
Examples thereof include polycyclic quinone pigments such as anthanthrone and pyrene quinone; perylene pigments such as perylene anhydride and perylene imide; squarylium dyes; pyrylium and thiapyrylium salts; and triphenylmethane dyes.

The binder resin is selected from various insulating resins or organic photoconductive polymers, and includes polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl benzal, polyarylate, polycarbonate, polyester, phenoxy resin, cellulose resin, acrylic resin and polyurethane. Is preferred. These resins may have a substituent,
As the substituent, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a nitro group, a trifluoromethyl group, a cyano group and the like are preferable. Further, the content of the binder resin is preferably 80% by weight or less, and particularly preferably 40% by weight or less, based on the total weight of the charge generation layer.

Further, the solvent is preferably selected from those which dissolve the above-mentioned resin but do not dissolve the charge transport layer and intermediate layer described later. Specifically, ethers such as tetrahydrofuran and 1,4-dioxane; ketones such as cyclohexanone and methyl ethyl ketone; amides such as N, N-dimethylformamide; esters such as methyl acetate and ethyl acetate; toluene, xylene and Aromatic hydrocarbon compounds such as monochlorobenzene; alcohols such as methanol, ethanol and 2-propanol; and aliphatic hydrocarbon compounds such as chloroform and methylene chloride.

The charge transport layer is laminated on or below the charge generation layer and has a function of receiving charge carriers from the charge generation layer and transporting the charge carriers in the presence of an electric field. The charge transport layer can be formed by applying a solution in which a charge transport substance is dissolved in a solvent together with an appropriate binder resin as necessary, and drying. The film thickness is preferably 5 to 40 μm, and particularly preferably 15 to 30 μm.

The charge transport material is roughly classified into an electron transport material and a hole transport material. Examples of the electron transport material include 2,
Examples thereof include electron-withdrawing substances such as 4,7-trinitrofluorenone, 2,4,5,7-tetranitrofluorenone, chloranil and tetracyanoquinodimethane, and polymers obtained by polymerizing these electron-withdrawing substances. As the hole-transporting substance, polycyclic aromatic compounds such as pyrene and anthracene; heterocyclic compounds such as carbazole, indole, imidazole, oxazole, thiazole, oxadiazole, pyrazole, pyrazoline, thiadiazole and triazole; p-diethylaminobenzaldehyde- Hydrazone compounds such as N, N-diphenylhydrazone and N, N-diphenylhydrazino-3-methylidene-9-ethylcarbazole; α-phenyl-4′-N,
N-diphenylaminostilbene, 5- [4- (di-p
-Tolylamino) benzylidene] -5H-dibenzo [a, b] cycloheptene and other styryl compounds; benzidine compounds; triarylmethane compounds; triphenylamine compounds; or groups derived from these compounds in the main chain Alternatively, a polymer having a side chain (for example, poly-N-vinylcarbazole and polyvinylanthracene) can be used. In addition to these organic charge transport materials, inorganic materials such as selenium, selenium-tellurium, amorphous silicon and cadmium sulfide can also be used. In addition, even if these charge transport materials are used alone, 2
You may use it in combination of 2 or more types.

When the charge transport material has no film forming property, a suitable binder resin can be used. Specifically, insulating resin such as acrylic resin, polyarylate, polyester, polycarbonate, polystyrene, acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer, polyacrylamide, polyamide and chlorinated rubber or poly-N-
Examples include organic photoconductive polymers such as vinylcarbazole and polyvinylanthracene. The content of the binder resin is 20 to 9 based on the total weight of the charge transport layer.
It is preferably 0% by weight or less, particularly 40 to 70
It is preferably in the weight%.

Another specific example of the present invention is an electrophotographic photoreceptor having a photosensitive layer containing the above-mentioned charge generating substance and charge transporting substance in the same layer. In this case, a charge transfer complex composed of poly-N-vinylcarbazole and trinitrofluorenone may be used as the charge transport material. This electrophotographic photosensitive member is obtained by coating the conductive support with a solution prepared by dispersing and dissolving the charge generating substance and the charge transporting substance in a suitable binder resin solution.
It can be created by drying. The content of the binder resin is 20 to 20 with respect to the total weight of the photosensitive layer.
It is preferably 90% by weight, particularly preferably 40 to 70% by weight. The film thickness is preferably 5 to 40 μm, and particularly preferably 15 to 30 μm.

Examples of the material of the conductive support used in the present invention include aluminum, aluminum alloys, copper,
Zinc, stainless steel, vanadium, molybdenum, chrome,
Examples include titanium, nickel, indium, gold, platinum, and the like. In addition, plastics (for example, polyethylene, polypropene, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene terephthalate, acrylic resin, etc.) and conductive particles (for example, carbon black and silver particles) formed by coating these metals or alloys by a vacuum deposition method. Can be used together with a suitable binder resin on the above-mentioned plastic, a support coated on a metal or an alloy, or a support obtained by impregnating plastic or paper with conductive particles. Examples of the shape include a belt shape and a belt shape, but a shape most suitable for an applied electrophotographic apparatus is preferable.

In the present invention, an intermediate layer 4 having a barrier function and an adhesive function may be provided between the conductive support and the photosensitive layer, in addition to the intermediate layer having a high impedance. The thickness of this intermediate layer is preferably 5 μm or less, and particularly preferably 0.1 to 3 μm. Examples of the material of the intermediate layer include casein, polyvinyl alcohol, nitrocellulose, polyamide (nylon 6, nylon 66, nylon 610, copolymerized nylon, alkoxymethylated nylon, etc.), polyurethane, aluminum oxide and the like.

Further, in the present invention, for the purpose of protecting the photosensitive layer from external mechanical and chemical adverse effects, etc., a resin layer as a protective layer or a resin layer containing conductive particles or a charge transport substance is used. Can also be provided on the photosensitive layer. This protective layer is also defined herein as being part of the photosensitive layer.

The charging member used in the present invention may be any known charging member as long as it is for direct charging, and its shape is not limited to the roller as shown in FIG. Can be mentioned. When the charging member is a roller or a blade, a conductive resin around the conductive core metal such as metal or alloy, or a resin subjected to a conductive treatment such as dispersing carbon black, metal and metal oxide is molded. Alternatively, it can be prepared by drying after coating.

The electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention can be used not only in electrophotographic copying machines, but also in laser beam printers and C
RT printer, LED printer, liquid crystal printer,
It can be widely used in electrophotographic application fields such as laser plate making and facsimile.

FIG. 4 shows a schematic structure of an electrophotographic apparatus having a process cartridge having the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention.

In the figure, reference numeral 9 is a drum-shaped electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention, which is rotationally driven around a shaft 10 in the direction of the arrow at a predetermined peripheral speed. During the rotation process, the photoconductor 9 is uniformly charged to its peripheral surface by a predetermined positive or negative potential by the primary charging means 11, and then from an image exposing means (not shown) such as slit exposure or laser beam scanning exposure. The image exposure light 12 is received. In this way, electrostatic latent images are sequentially formed on the peripheral surface of the photoconductor 9.

The formed electrostatic latent image is then developed by the developing means 1.
The toner development image developed by 3 is
The transfer material 15 is fed between the photoconductor 9 and the transfer unit 14 from a paper feeding unit (not shown) in synchronization with the rotation of the photoconductor 9.
Then, the image is sequentially transferred by the transfer means 14.

The transfer material 15 that has received the image transfer is separated from the surface of the photoconductor and is introduced into the image fixing means 16 to undergo the image fixing and is printed out as a copy outside the apparatus.

The surface of the photoconductor 9 after the image transfer is cleaned by the cleaning means 17 by removing the transfer residual toner, and further pre-exposure light 1 from the pre-exposure means (not shown).
After the static elimination process of No. 8, it is repeatedly used for image formation. In the present invention, since the primary charging means 11 is a direct charging means using a charging roller or the like, pre-exposure is not always necessary.

In the present invention, among the constituent elements such as the electrophotographic photosensitive member 9, the primary charging means 11, the developing means 13 and the cleaning means 17, a plurality of components are integrally combined as a process cartridge, The process cartridge may be detachably attached to the main body of the electrophotographic apparatus such as a copying machine or a laser beam printer. For example, at least one of the primary charging unit 11, the developing unit 13, and the cleaning unit 17 is integrally supported together with the photoconductor 9 into a cartridge, and the rail 20 of the apparatus main body is provided.
The process cartridge 19 can be attached to and detached from the apparatus main body by using a guide means such as.

Further, when the electrophotographic apparatus is a copying machine or a printer, the image exposure light 12 is reflected light or transmitted light from an original, or the original is read by a sensor, converted into a signal, and the image exposure is performed in accordance with the signal. Laser beam scanning,
It is the light emitted by driving the LED array and driving the liquid crystal shutter array.

On the other hand, when used as a printer for a facsimile, the image exposure light 12 becomes exposure light for printing received data. FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing an example of this case.

The controller 22 controls the image reading section 21 and the printer 30. The entire controller 22 is controlled by the CPU 28. The read data from the image reading unit 21 is transmitted to the partner station via the transmission circuit 24. The data received from the partner station is sent to the printer 30 through the receiving circuit 23. The image memory 27 stores predetermined image data. Printer controller 2
Reference numeral 9 controls the printer 30. 25 is a telephone.

The image received from the line 26 (image information from a remote terminal connected through the line) is demodulated by the receiving circuit 23, and then the image information is decoded by the CPU 28 and sequentially stored in the image memory 27. Is stored. When the image of at least one page is stored in the image memory 27, the image of that page is recorded. CPU28
Reads one page of image information from the image memory 27 and sends the decoded one page of image information to the printer controller 29. When the printer controller 29 receives the image information of one page from the CPU 28, the printer controller 29 controls the printer 30 to record the image information of the page. The CPU 28 is receiving the next page during recording by the printer 30.

[0045]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Images are received and recorded in this manner. Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples.

Example 1 Outer diameter 30φ, length 260 mm
A thermosetting phenolic resin was applied to the region from both ends of the aluminum cylinder up to 20 mm and cured to form an intermediate layer having a thickness of 2 μm. When the impedance of this intermediate layer was calculated by the method described above, it was 10 ¹⁶
It was Ω · cm.

Next, azo pigments A and B represented by the following formula

[0048]

[Outer 1] 6 g (A: B = 1: 2) was added to a solution in which 3 g of polyvinyl butyral (butyralization degree: 63% or more, number average degree of polymerization: 2,000) was dissolved in 100 g of cyclohexanone, and dispersed using a sand mill for 48 hours. The dispersion was applied onto the cylinder by a dip coating method and dried to form a charge generation layer having a thickness of 0.2 μm.

Then, a compound represented by the following formula

[0050]

[Outside 2] A solution of 8 g and 10 g of bisphenol Z-type polycarbonate (viscosity average molecular weight 22,000) in a mixed solvent of 40 g of chlorobenzene and 10 g of dichloromethane was applied on the charge generation layer by a dip coating method, and dried to have a thickness of 25 μm. Was formed on the charge transport layer.

A charging member was prepared by molding a chloroprene rubber having a resistance of 10 ⁷ Ω so as to have an outer diameter of 12 mm around a stainless steel shaft having a diameter of 6 mm. The length of the rubber part is 230mm,
The end portions of the roller were brought into contact with the photosensitive member at positions of 15 mm from both ends.

A laser beam printer (LBP-NX: manufactured by Canon Inc.) was used for the obtained electrophotographic photosensitive member and charging member.
It was mounted on the process cartridge of No. 1 and subjected to a durability test.
The charging condition of this device is an AC voltage superimposed (V _AC) to a DC voltage (V _DC), V _DC is -700 V, the peak-to-peak voltage V _PP of V _AC 2000V, the frequency of V _AC is 65
It is 0 Hz. The print speed is 16 sheets / minute,
The process speed is 94 mm / sec.

The durability test was carried out at room temperature and humidity (23 ° C., 5
5%), and high-temperature / high-humidity environment (32.5 ° C., 85%) were performed by repeating 1-sheet printing of a solid white image 12,000 times. The occurrence of image defects (fogging) due to the abrasion of the contact position between the photosensitive member and the end of the charging member at this time was examined. Evaluation is visual observation and fog rate (ΔR)
Was measured. ΔR is the reflectance (%) of the transfer paper before printing from the maximum value of the reflectance (%) of the image obtained on the 12,000th sheet using a Photovoltaic reflectometer.
Was taken as the value (%). When ΔR exceeds 2.5%, the image is considered to have a problem in practical use.

The results are shown in Table 1.

Comparative Example 1 An electrophotographic photosensitive member was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the intermediate layer was not formed.

The results are shown in Table 1.

(Example 2) The aluminum cylinder used in Example 1 was coated with a coating composition in which conductive tin oxide was dispersed in a thermosetting phenol resin on a portion except 20 mm from both ends, and cured to obtain a thick film. A conductive layer having a thickness of 5 μm was formed. The impedance of this layer is 10 ⁹ Ω · c
It was m. On the other hand, a thermosetting phenolic resin alone was applied to the portion 20 mm from both ends and cured to form an intermediate layer having a thickness of 5 μm. The impedance of this layer was 10 ¹⁶ Ω · cm.

A charge generation layer and a charge transport layer were formed on these layers in the same manner as in Example 1, and the obtained electrophotographic photosensitive member was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1.

The results are shown in Table 1.

(Embodiment 3) The frequency of V _AC of the laser beam printer is set to 920 Hz, and the printing speed is set to 2
A durability test was conducted in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the number of sheets was 0 / min and the process speed was 120 mm / sec.

The results are shown in Table 1.

Example 4 An intermediate layer was formed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a bisphenol A type epoxy resin and a tertiary amine were used and the thickness was 5 μm. The impedance of this layer was 10 ¹⁵ Ω · cm.

Next, a solution prepared by dissolving 5 g of methoxymethylated nylon (number average molecular weight 32,000) and 10 g of alcohol-soluble copolymerized nylon (number average molecular weight 29,000) in 95 g of methanol was applied onto the cylinder by dip coating. By coating and drying, an intermediate layer having a thickness of 1 μm was formed. The impedance of this layer is 10 ¹² Ω
It was cm.

A charge generation layer and a charge transport layer were formed on this layer in the same manner as in Example 1, and the obtained electrophotographic photosensitive member was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1.

The results are shown in Table 1.

[0066]

[Table 1]

[0067]

As described above, according to the present invention, an electrophotographic photosensitive member capable of obtaining an excellent image without causing an image defect due to abrasion of an end portion even if a direct charging means is applied, A process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus having the electrophotographic photosensitive member can be provided.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a layer structure of an electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a layer structure of an electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a relative relationship between an electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention and a charging member.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of an electrophotographic apparatus having a process cartridge having the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of a block diagram of a facsimile having the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention 2 Conductive support 3 Intermediate layer 4 Intermediate layer 5 Photosensitive layer 6 Charging member 7 Electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention 8 Charging member 9 Electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention 10 Shaft 11 Primary charging means 12 image exposure light 13 developing means 14 transfer means 15 transfer material 16 image fixing means 17 cleaning means 18 pre-exposure light 19 process cartridge 20 rail 21 image reading section 22 controller 23 receiving circuit 24 transmitting circuit 25 telephone 26 line 27 image memory 28 CPU 29 printer controller 30 printer A image forming area B end of an area where the electrophotographic photoreceptor and the charging member can contact C end of an area where the electrophotographic photoreceptor and the charging member can contact D contact between the electrophotographic photoreceptor and the charging member Outside the possible area

Continuation of front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification number Office reference number FI Technical indication location G03G 21/00 350 (72) Inventor Hideyuki Ainoya 3-30-2 Shimomaruko, Ota-ku, Tokyo Within Canon Inc. (72) Inventor Hidetoshi Hirano 3-30-2 Shimomaruko, Ota-ku, Tokyo Canon Inc.

Claims (9)

[Claims] 1. An electrophotographic photosensitive member having a photosensitive layer on a conductive support, wherein the electrophotographic photosensitive member is charged by applying a voltage to a charging member disposed in contact with the electrophotographic photosensitive member, The electrophotographic photosensitive member has a high impedance (Ω ·
cm). 2. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1, wherein the voltage applied to the charging member is a pulsating current voltage obtained by superposing a DC voltage and an AC voltage. 3. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1, wherein the high impedance is 10 ¹⁵ Ω · cm or more. 4. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1, wherein the electrophotographic photosensitive member has at least one intermediate layer having a high impedance (Ω · cm) between the photosensitive layer at the end and the conductive support. Photoconductor. 5. The electrophotographic photosensitive member has a high impedance (Ω.multidot..multidot.) Between the photosensitive layer and the conductive support other than the end portion.
The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 4, wherein the electrophotographic photosensitive member does not have at least one of the intermediate layers having a cm. 6. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 4, wherein the high impedance is 10 ¹⁵ Ω · cm or more. 7. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 4, wherein the intermediate layer having a high impedance has a thickness of 1 to 100 μm. 8. An electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1, and at least one unit selected from the group consisting of a charging unit, a developing unit and a cleaning unit, which are integrally supported and can be attached to and detached from the main body of the electrophotographic apparatus. Process cartridge characterized by being. 9. An electrophotographic apparatus comprising the electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1, a charging unit, an image exposing unit, a developing unit, and a transferring unit.