JPH07277866A - Apparatus for producing compost - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To eliminate the need for a turning operation in compost production and to prevent damaging of air feed pipes at the time of taking out compost produced in a short period of time. CONSTITUTION:This apparatus for producing compost is provided with the air feed pipes 8 in the lower part in a compost tank 1 and produces the compost by feeding air to the deposited layers 5 of compost materials 5A from the air feed pipes 8 and fermenting the compost materials in the compost tank 1. The apparatus described above is provided with guards 9 to cover the air feed pipes 8 from above and these guards 9 are provided with air feed sections 9A for feeding the air from the air feed pipes 8 to the deposited layers 5 described above. The compost materials 5A are deposited on these guards 9.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a composting apparatus.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art There is a composting apparatus for producing compost by putting compost materials such as rice husks, rice straw and grass into a composting tank to adjust the water content to an appropriate value and then fermenting the compost materials. When compost is produced by this type of compost production equipment, it is absolutely necessary to keep the inside of the sediment layer of the compost material aerobic in order to accelerate the reaction rate of the composting by microorganisms. A method of ventilating air by providing an air supply pipe in the lower part of the inside is adopted.

However, in the compost manufacturing apparatus, if air is only ventilated from the lower part of the compost tank, there is a decrease in temperature due to the dissipation of fermentation heat (gas) as well as the dissipation of air. That is, if the supplied air is left to dissipate, the amount of air becomes excessive, resulting in energy loss, and the reaction when composting the compost material is 50 to 6 called thermophile.
Since it is a microorganism that has the highest activity of decomposing organic matter at about 0 ° C, if the fermentation heat is dissipated, the temperature will drop, delaying composting, and causing temperature unevenness in the compost tank. It was difficult to produce compost in a short time.

Therefore, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5-876, the amount of air is suppressed by circulating the supply of air from the lower part in the compost tank and the exhaust from the upper part in a closed loop. By covering the uppermost surface of the sediment layer in the compost tank with a sheet that prevents the dissipation of fermentation heat, the entire sediment layer in the compost tank is maintained at a temperature suitable for the activity of microorganisms having an activity of decomposing organic matter, Therefore, there is conventionally known a composting apparatus that can produce high-quality compost in a short time even with a simple apparatus that does not require a turning operation.

[0005]

However, in the prior art disclosed in the above publication, when the composted material is manually or mechanically taken out by a bucket, a fork or the like, the bucket, the fork or the like comes into contact with the air supply pipe. There was a problem of causing damage. Further, although a large number of ejection holes are formed in the air supply pipe, since the compost material is directly stacked on the air supply pipe, the material may cause clogging of the ejection holes. .

Therefore, according to the present invention, when the compost material is taken out, the air supply pipe is not damaged, and even if the compost material is piled up in layers, the ejection holes are not clogged, and the compost can be uniformly sent over the whole area. It is an object to provide a manufacturing apparatus.

[0007]

According to the present invention, an air supply pipe 8 is provided in the lower part of a compost tank 1, and air is sent from the air supply pipe 8 to a deposition layer 5 of a compost material 5A to compost material. In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the following technical means is provided for a compost manufacturing apparatus for manufacturing compost by fermenting the above in the compost tank 1.

That is, according to the first aspect of the present invention, a guard 9 for covering the air supply pipe 8 from above is provided, and air supplied from the air supply pipe 8 to the deposition layer 5 is supplied to the guard 9. The part 9A is provided and the compost material 5A is deposited on the card 9. In the present invention according to claim 2, the guard 9 has an air box 12 below it.
The air supply pipe 8 is housed in the air box 12.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, the air box 12 formed by the guard 9 occupies almost the entire compost tank 1, and air is sent from the air supply section 9A of the guard 9 to the entire tank. It is characterized by doing.

[0010]

[Function] When the compost material 5A is piled up on the guard 9 in the compost tank 1 and air is sent to the air supply pipe 8 covered from above by the guard 9, the air supply section 9A provided on the guard 9 Air penetrates into the compost layer 5 and the compost material 5A is fermented. Since the materials are piled up on the guard 9, the air supply pipe 8 is not damaged when the material is taken out after the composting, and the air container 12 is formed by the guard 9 and is housed in the air container 12. Even the air is uniformly sent to the entire tank.

[0011]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. In FIG. 1 showing the overall configuration, a compost tank 1 is provided with a plurality of columns 3 that can be erected by inserting or screwing into a cylinder 2A of a base plate 2 installed on the ground,
It is composed of a heat insulating side wall sheet 4 having a sleeve portion 4A fitted to the support column 3.

The wall-side sheet 4 is formed by covering two layers of foam material with a polyethylene cloth sheet. The so-called foam material has heat insulating properties, and the polyethylene cloth sheet has weather resistance and durability. It was given.
The side wall sheet 4 is internally provided with a flexible plastic tape for imparting shape retention at the time of assembly, and has a connecting portion 4B such as a slide fastener and male and female hooks on both side edges. For those further stacked above the second stage, the inner edge of the lower end has a skirt portion 4C to form a bifurcated shape, and when assembled as shown in FIG. The inner and outer gaps are closed by straddling the bridge.

The height of the pillars 3 and the width of the side wall sheet 4 are about 50 cm, and they can be assembled by the connecting portion 4B in a tubular shape, and the compost material 5A can be put in and watered while assembling step by step. Increased efficiency, compost material 5
The whole A can be evenly wetted. On the uppermost surface of the pile layer 5 of the compost material 5A, a pressing sheet 6 having a heat insulating property,
It is placed so as to cover the compost material 5A, thereby preventing the dissipation of the fermentation heat in the compost material 5A, and the volume of the sediment layer 5 is reduced by the progress of fermentation, so that the sediment layer 5 is lowered accordingly and the heat insulating property is impaired. I try not to.

The entire compost tank 1 is surrounded and covered with an outer cover 7. The outer cover 7 is made of a sheet or the like formed by vapor-depositing aluminum on a plastic sheet so as to have a heat radiation preventing property. This is the outer cover 7
This is effective in avoiding heat dissipation due to the fermentation inside, preventing evaporation of water from the material, and isolating from the influence of wind and rain.

As shown in FIG. 4, the air supply pipe 8 is constructed by laying on the ground an air supply pipe 8 having a large number of ejection holes 8A in the center of the bottom of the compost tank 1, and the ejection holes 8A have a side surface in the installed state. It is provided so as to open. The air supply pipe 8 is composed of a main pipe 8B and a branch pipe 8C, and the reason for arranging the main pipe 8B in the center of the tank 1 is to blow air thoroughly over the entire compost material 5A, and the ejection holes 8A have side surfaces. It may be opened further downward, or may be opened on the upper surface. Further, both ends of the main pipe 8B and both ends of the branch pipe 8C may be opened without forming the ejection holes 8A.

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, the air supply pipe 8 is a guard 9 in which a plate material made of a corrosion-resistant material, a hard vinyl chloride plate resistant to corrosion, a metal plate, etc. are assembled in a vertical and horizontal slats. It is covered from above and allows the compost material 5A to be piled up on the guard 9. The guard 9 has an air supply section 9A for passing the air from the air supply pipe 8 to the compost layer 5 from below to above. In this embodiment, the vertical and horizontal lattices are arranged.

An intake pipe 10 is placed on the compost material 5A inside the presser sheet 6, and the intake pipe 10 has a planar rectangular shape, and the intake hole 10A has a side surface like the air supply pipe 8. The exhaust gas inside has become hot due to the fermentation of the compost material 5A, and the air is blown from the air supply pipe 8 at the bottom of the tank to blow the air into the compost material in the tank 1. It is provided in order to eliminate the temperature difference between the upper part and the lower part of 5A and to ferment the whole uniformly.

It is preferable that both the air supply pipe 8 and the intake pipe 10 are made of a hard vinyl chloride pipe which is resistant to corrosion. As shown in FIG. 2, an intake pipe 9 is placed at the center of the uppermost surface of the compost layer 5, and the entire uppermost surface including the intake pipe 10 is covered with a pressing sheet 6 so that the thickness (diameter of the pipe 10 is reduced. ), A rectangular space 11 is formed, which ensures suction of exhaust gas and the like.

Further, as shown in FIG. 2, legs 9B are formed on the outer periphery of the guard 9 to support the weight of the layer 5, and an air box 12 is formed below the guard 9, and the air box 12 is formed on the air box 12. It contains the air supply pipe 8. Therefore, the air box 12
By forming the air supply pipe 8 without forming a large number of ejection holes 8A, openings are formed in the main pipe 8B and the branch pipe 8C, and air is supplied from the air box 12 to the air supply unit 9A over the entire tank. Can be uniformly discharged.

An air supply hose 13 is connected to the air supply pipe 8 to serve as an air supply means 14, and the intake pipe 1
A bellows type flexible intake hose 15 is connected to 0 to form an intake means 16, and both hoses 13 and 15 are connected to a circulation drive unit U provided outside the tank in a closed loop. In addition, the reason why the intake hose 15 is of bellows type is to ensure that the intake pipe 10 descends following the decrease of the volume of the sediment layer as the compost material fermentation progresses.

The circulation drive unit U is a unit,
As shown in FIG. 1, a blower 16 driven by a motor 16A
And a control unit 17 including a timer for intermittently operating the blower 16 and a valve switch,
It is composed of a suction pipe 18 and an ejection pipe 19 which are divided into two branches to the blower 16, and a regulating valve 20 attached to each of the suction pipe 18 and the ejection pipe 19.

The blow-out pipe 19 is provided with a thermometer 21 for measuring the temperature of the air passing through the inside thereof, and the suction pipe 18 is provided with a fresh air intake port 23 having a regulating valve 22.
Is provided, and an air supply hose 13 is provided to extend the blow-out pipe 19.
Is connected, and air is supplied to the air supply pipe 8 through the air supply hose 13. Further, an intake hose 15 is connected to the suction pipe 18 to form a closed loop, and the air blown at this time is in accordance with the introduction of the outside air from the fresh air intake 23, and if necessary, the suction pipe. In the tank 1 from the 18 and the intake hose 15, the circulating gas generated is mixed and supplied. The thermometer 21 is provided for checking the temperature of the mixed air supplied to the inside at this time and adjusting the mixing ratio and the like with the adjusting valve 20.

In addition, in FIG. 7, reference numeral 24 is a brace for connecting the base plate 2 or the column 3 in a cross shape for the purpose of assembling. However, as shown in FIG. 6, it is possible to block the movement of the plate 2 by driving an anchor or the like into the fixing hole 2B provided in the base plate 2, so that it is possible to freely use the brace 24. Further, the base plate 2 of FIG. 6 has a notch 2C into which the cylindrical body 2A can be fitted.
Is formed, and the tubular body 2A is fitted into the cutout portion 2C to combine the plurality of base plates 2 in a low-bulk state for the convenience of transportation.

Further, as shown in FIG. 5, a dome forming member 25 is provided on the column 3, the intake pipe 10 is hung and held on this member 25, and the material 5 is lifted by the elevator device 26.
It is desirable to feed A. At this time, by inserting the intake hose 15 into the dome forming member 25, the material can be fed while the hose 15 is supported above.

FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 show a 2.3 embodiment of the present invention, in which the structure of the guard 9 is different, and the other structure is the same as that shown in FIGS. It has the same structure as described above. First, FIG. 8 shows a structure in which the guard 9 is made of a mesh of resin, metal or the like to form a large number of air feeding portions 9A, and the mesh may be an expansion metal.

Further, FIG. 9 shows the guard 9 formed of a perforated plate made of resin, metal or the like, and the perforated plate may be punching metal. Next, the steps of assembling the composting apparatus having the above-mentioned configuration and composting will be described as follows. First, the air supply hose 13 is connected to the air supply pipe 8, and the intake hose 15 is connected to the intake pipe 10. Then, at a predetermined position interval, 6
-10 base plates 2 are arranged and fixed, the first-stage columns 3 are fitted into the base plates 2 to stand upright, and inserted into the columns 3 via the sleeves 4A provided on the side wall sheet 4. The polygonal cylindrical compost tank 1 is assembled by sequentially joining the adjacent side wall sheets 4 by the connecting portions 4B.

An air supply pipe 8 connected to an air supply hose 13 is laid inside the tank 1 thus assembled, and
The air supply pipe 8 is covered with a guard 9 from above. Therefore, the tank 1 including the side wall sheet 4 is constructed around the guard 9.
The compost material 5A obtained by cutting rice straw into about 5 cm is put into the tank 1 constructed in this way and deposited on the guard 9. At this time, chicken manure or ammonium sulfate as nitrogen content,
It is desirable to add an appropriate amount of chemical fertilizer such as lime nitrogen. This is because rice straw alone lacks nitrogen, and nitrogen is essential as a nutrient for the growth of microorganisms.

Here, water is applied so that the compost material 5A becomes soaked. Sprinkle enough water so that it is not too small. If the amount of water is too large, it will penetrate underground, so there is no problem. Fertilizers and ripening accelerators may be sprinkled with water and then uniformly removed. Next, the columns 3 and the side wall sheets 4 are assembled in the same manner as in the second and third stages in the same manner as described above, the compost material 5A is charged and accumulated, fertilizer and water are applied, and then the intake hose 15 is connected. Intake pipe 10
Is placed on the top of the compost material and the intake hose 15 is lowered to the ground.

Deposit layer 5 of compost material 5A and intake pipe 1
0 is covered with a holding sheet 6 and is covered with a lid to form a tank main body in which the compost material is deposited inside. Then, the outer cover 7 is covered so as to cover the tank body. This outer cover 7
It is desirable that the cord be tied with a string or rubber so that it does not curl. In this way, the air supply hose 13 and the intake hose 15 are connected to the blowout pipe 19 and the suction pipe 18 of the circulation drive unit U, respectively.

After that, the inside fermentation is allowed to proceed until the temperature of the inside of the tank main body rises to 55-60 ° C. due to the growth of microorganisms, and then the controller 17 such as a timer is operated to lower the inside of the tank 1. The air is intermittently blown to the compost material 5A from the above, and exhaust gas or the like is sucked from the upper portion and circulated. At this time, the mixing ratio of the gas generated in the tank 1 to the outside air is measured by measuring the outside air temperature, the amount of oxygen remaining in the tank, the humidity, or adjusted based on empirically set calibration data.

When fermenting the compost material inside the tank in this way, although there are differences depending on the compost material, it is confirmed that when rice straw is used as the compost material, the compost can be obtained in about one fifth of the conventional period. Was given. In addition, since it is sufficient that the temperature in the tank 1 allows the growth of microorganisms, the air may be intermittently blown from the beginning, or even in the case where only the outside air is blown,
If a heater (not shown) is used to raise the temperature of the outside air and blow it into the outside air, there is no problem even if the outside air temperature is low in a cold region.

The time interval of the intermittent blowing and the blowing time are mainly determined by the residual oxygen amount in the tank 1. Strictly speaking, oxygen consumption per hour is different in the early, middle, and final stages of fermentation, so when straw rice straw is used as the compost material, it is blown intermittently in a cycle of 2 hours, 3 hours, and 5 hours, respectively. It is appropriate to get compost in the shortest possible time. However, even if the residual oxygen amount in the tank 1 becomes zero, the aerobic bacteria are not killed and only the activity is stopped. Therefore, the aerobic bacteria may be blown at time intervals of the greatest common divisor.

The heat during fermentation is prevented from being dissipated by the holding sheet 6, and the skirt portion 4C is prevented from dissipating it in the stacking portion of the side wall sheet 4, whereby a temperature suitable for the activity of microorganisms is obtained. Is maintained and
In addition, the intrusion of rainwater or the like from the stacked portion is prevented also by the inner and outer double and the skirt 4C. Intake pipe 1
Since 0 sucks gas and the like from the portion having the space 11,
It has low suction resistance and does not clog holes. Further, since the air supply pipe 8 is covered with the guard 9 from above, it is not clogged with holes, and it is prevented from being deformed by the weight of the layers. Even the air supply pipe 8 can uniformly supply air to the entire tank.

Further, even if the fermentation progresses and the volume decreases, the intake pipe 10 sinks without displacement due to the flexibility of the bellows type intake hose 15, and the pressing sheet 6 also follows. . Thereby, the aerobic bacteria breeding condition is preferably maintained in the compost tank 1, and the compost material is uniformly composted over the entire tank.

After the composting is completed, the outer cover 7 is removed, the holding sheet 6, the intake pipe 9 and the like are removed, and the connecting portion 4B of the side wall sheet 4 is detached and detached from the column 3.
Since the side wall sheet 4 is separable at the connecting portion 4B, the ease of assembly and disassembly is improved, and when the compost is taken out, the side wall sheet 4 is partially removed and the remaining sheets 4 are removed.
By keeping the shape as it is, it can be taken out easily while preventing the compost from collapsing.

When the bottommost compost is taken out, the air supply pipe 8 is not damaged because of the guard 9. Further, since the materials are piled up on the guard 9, the air supply pipe 8
There is no clogging, deformation, etc., and durability can be improved, and since the air box 12 is formed by the guard 9 and air is sent from this air box 12, even if a small air supply pipe 8 is adopted, the tank Air can be sent uniformly throughout.

[0037]

As described in detail above, according to the present invention, the air can be sent from the lower part of the compost tank to the entire surface, but the air supply pipe can be downsized and the assembly and disassembly are facilitated.
Further, when the compost material is taken out, the air supply pipe is not damaged and clogging of the air supply pipe can be prevented.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an entire embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional view of a compost tank.

FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a side wall portion of a compost tank.

FIG. 4 is a plan view of the bottom of the compost tank.

FIG. 5 is a plan view of the upper part of the compost tank.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a base plate.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing a procedure for assembling and disassembling the compost tank.

FIG. 8 is a plan view of a bottom portion of a compost tank showing a second embodiment.

FIG. 9 is a plan view of a bottom portion of a compost tank showing a third embodiment.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Compost tank 5 body stack 5A Compost material 8 Air supply pipe 9 Guard 9A Air supply part 12 Air box

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (72) Inventor Susumu Nakayasu 4-4-1 Hamamatsucho, Minato-ku, Tokyo Kawatetsu Shoji Co., Ltd.

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. An air supply pipe (8) is provided in a lower part of a compost tank (1), and the compost material (5) is supplied from the air supply pipe (8).
A composting apparatus for producing compost by supplying air to the deposition layer (5) of A) to ferment compost material in a compost tank (1), and covering the air supply pipe (8) from above. A guard (9) is provided, and an air feeding part (9A) for feeding air from the air feeding pipe (8) to the deposition layer (5) is provided on the guard (9), and on the card (9). An apparatus for producing compost, which is characterized by accumulating compost material (5A). 2. The guard (9) has an air box (1
2) The compost manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the air box (12) forms an air supply pipe (8). 3. An air box (1) formed by a guard (9).
2. The compost 2 occupies almost the entire compost tank (1), and air is supplied from the air supply part (9A) of the guard (9) over the entire tank. Compost manufacturing equipment.