JPH0726658B2 - Leaf spring made of ceramic material - Google Patents
Leaf spring made of ceramic materialInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0726658B2 JPH0726658B2 JP61188051A JP18805186A JPH0726658B2 JP H0726658 B2 JPH0726658 B2 JP H0726658B2 JP 61188051 A JP61188051 A JP 61188051A JP 18805186 A JP18805186 A JP 18805186A JP H0726658 B2 JPH0726658 B2 JP H0726658B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- leaf spring
- stress
- side edge
- fixed end
- load
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F1/00—Springs
- F16F1/02—Springs made of steel or other material having low internal friction; Wound, torsion, leaf, cup, ring or the like springs, the material of the spring not being relevant
- F16F1/021—Springs made of steel or other material having low internal friction; Wound, torsion, leaf, cup, ring or the like springs, the material of the spring not being relevant characterised by their composition, e.g. comprising materials providing for particular spring properties
- F16F1/022—Springs made of steel or other material having low internal friction; Wound, torsion, leaf, cup, ring or the like springs, the material of the spring not being relevant characterised by their composition, e.g. comprising materials providing for particular spring properties made of ceramic materials
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F1/00—Springs
- F16F1/02—Springs made of steel or other material having low internal friction; Wound, torsion, leaf, cup, ring or the like springs, the material of the spring not being relevant
- F16F1/18—Leaf springs
- F16F1/185—Leaf springs characterised by shape or design of individual leaves
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 〈産業上の利用分野〉 本発明は、セラミックス材料（例えばアルミナ、ジルコ
ニア、窒化硅素、炭化硅素など）、ガラス、特殊セメン
ト、金属間化合物（例えばTiAl、Ti3Al、Ni3Alなど）な
どの脆性材料からなる板ばねに関するものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION <Industrial field of application> The present invention relates to ceramic materials (eg, alumina, zirconia, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, etc.), glass, special cement, intermetallic compounds (eg, TiAl, Ti 3 Al, Ni 3 Al, etc.) is related to leaf springs made of brittle materials.
〈従来の技術〉 耐熱性、対蝕性、耐摩耗性などを必要とする特殊環境下
に於て使用さる板ばねとして、セラミックス、金属間化
合物、ガラス、特殊セメントなどからなる板ばねを用い
ることができるが、いずれも脆くて切欠感受性が高いた
め、応力集中によりクラックが生じると、それを起点と
して亀裂が成長し、早期に折損する場合が多かった。例
えば窒化硅素からなる長方形の板ばね１を、第１図及び
第２図に示したように、支持部分２にその一端を固定す
ることによって片持ち支持し、その遊端部に荷重部材３
を介して負荷を加えるような片持ち方式にて使用した場
合には、特に板ばね１の両側縁11の固定端にクラックが
生じ易い。この傾向は、所謂セラミックス材料（例えば
アルミナ、ジルコニア、窒化硅素、炭化硅素など）、ガ
ラス、特殊セメント、金属間化合物（例えばTiAl、Ti3A
l、Ni3Alなど）の脆性材料に等しく見られる傾向であ
る。<Prior art> Use leaf springs made of ceramics, intermetallic compounds, glass, special cement, etc. as leaf springs used in special environments that require heat resistance, corrosion resistance, wear resistance, etc. However, all of them are brittle and have high notch susceptibility. Therefore, when a crack occurs due to stress concentration, the crack grows from that point and often breaks early. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a rectangular leaf spring 1 made of, for example, silicon nitride is cantilever-supported by fixing one end thereof to a support portion 2, and the load member 3 is attached to its free end portion.
When it is used in a cantilever system in which a load is applied through the cracks, cracks are likely to occur particularly at the fixed ends of both side edges 11 of the leaf spring 1. This tendency is due to so-called ceramic materials (eg alumina, zirconia, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, etc.), glass, special cement, intermetallic compounds (eg TiAl, Ti 3 A).
l, Ni 3 Al, etc.) tend to be found equally in brittle materials.
そこで従来は、板ばね１の側縁11の固定端側を平面或い
は曲面により面取りし、しかも面取り部の粗さを極力小
さくすることによってこのような応力集中が生じること
を回避するようにしていた。しかしながら、このような
面取りを施しても、固定端の応力がかなり高くなること
から、引張り応力が作用する側の隅部が破壊の起点とな
り易い。Therefore, conventionally, the fixed end of the side edge 11 of the leaf spring 1 is chamfered with a flat surface or a curved surface, and the roughness of the chamfered portion is minimized to avoid such stress concentration. . However, even if such chamfering is performed, the stress at the fixed end becomes considerably high, and therefore the corner portion on the side on which the tensile stress acts is likely to be the starting point of fracture.
ところで、従来はこのような片持ち支持方式に於ては、
その応力分布が幅方向に沿って概ね均一であると考えら
れていたが、発明者の実験によると、第２図に示したよ
うに、長方形の片持ち板ばね１の符号Ｌで示した線上に
荷重を加えた場合、当然固定端に最大応力が発生する
が、特に幅方向についての中央部及び側縁11の近傍（符
号８の領域）の応力が比較的高くなることが見出され
た。なお、この場合の板ばね１の材料は窒化硅素であ
り、そのヤング率は28,000kgf/mm2であり、その寸法
は、厚さ1.0mm、幅28.2mm、支持部分２（固定端）と荷
重作用線Ｌ（荷重端）間の距離は31.2mmであり、荷重作
用線Ｌ上に加えられた荷重は7.5kgfであり、具体的な応
力値は、領域５は20kgf/mm2以下、領域６は20〜25kgf/m
m2、領域７は25〜30kgf/mm2、領域８は30kgf/mm2以上で
あり、中央部の最大応力値は33kgf/mm2であった。By the way, conventionally, in such a cantilever support system,
It was thought that the stress distribution was substantially uniform along the width direction, but according to the experiment of the inventor, as shown in FIG. 2, on the line indicated by the symbol L of the rectangular cantilever leaf spring 1. It was found that, when a load is applied to, the maximum stress naturally occurs at the fixed end, but the stress is relatively high particularly in the central portion in the width direction and in the vicinity of the side edge 11 (region 8). . In this case, the material of the leaf spring 1 is silicon nitride, its Young's modulus is 28,000 kgf / mm 2 , and its dimensions are 1.0 mm in thickness, 28.2 mm in width, the supporting portion 2 (fixed end) and the load. The distance between the action lines L (load ends) is 31.2 mm, the load applied on the load action lines L is 7.5 kgf, and the specific stress values are 20 kgf / mm 2 or less in the region 5 and 6 in the region 6. 20 to 25 kgf / m
m 2 , the area 7 was 25 to 30 kgf / mm 2 , the area 8 was 30 kgf / mm 2 or more, and the maximum stress value in the central portion was 33 kgf / mm 2 .
〈発明が解決しようとする問題点〉 このような長方形の板ばねに於ては、固定端の側縁11の
応力が中央部の応力と同等に高くなるため、固定端の側
縁11にクラックが生じると、中央部へ向けて亀裂が成長
し、早期に折損へと繋がる。<Problems to be Solved by the Invention> In such a rectangular leaf spring, the stress on the side edge 11 of the fixed end becomes as high as the stress on the central part, and therefore the side edge 11 of the fixed end cracks. When a crack occurs, a crack grows toward the center, leading to early breakage.
このような従来技術の問題点及び発明者の知見に鑑み、
本発明の主な目的は、改善された強度を有する脆性材料
からなる板ばねを提供することにある。In view of such problems of the prior art and the findings of the inventor,
The main object of the present invention is to provide a leaf spring made of a brittle material with improved strength.
〈問題点を解決するための手段〉 このような目的は、本発明によれば、固定された一端
と、荷重が作用する遊端とを有するセラミックス、ガラ
ス、セメント又は金属間化合物の材料からなる板ばねで
あって、当該板ばねの荷重作用端の幅が固定端の幅より
狭くされると共に、前記固定端の側縁と前記荷重作用端
の側縁とを結ぶ直線が、当該板ばねの幅方向中心線に対
し、５゜〜45゜の角度をなしていることを特徴とするセ
ラミックス、ガラス、セメント又は金属間化合物の材料
からなる板ばねを提供することにより達成される。<Means for Solving the Problems> According to the present invention, such an object is made of a material of ceramics, glass, cement or an intermetallic compound having a fixed end and a free end on which a load acts. In the leaf spring, the width of the load acting end of the leaf spring is narrower than the width of the fixed end, and a straight line connecting the side edge of the fixed end and the side edge of the load acting end is a leaf spring. It is achieved by providing a leaf spring made of a ceramic, glass, cement or intermetallic compound material characterized by an angle of 5 ° to 45 ° with respect to the widthwise center line.
〈作用〉 このようにすれば、片持ち支持された板ばねの固定端の
側縁に発生する応力が固定端の中央部に発生する応力よ
りも小さくなり、側縁にクラックが生じ難くなる。<Operation> In this way, the stress generated on the side edge of the fixed end of the cantilever-supported leaf spring becomes smaller than the stress generated on the central portion of the fixed end, and the side edge is less likely to crack.
〈実施例〉 以下に添付の図面を参照して本発明を詳細に説明する。<Example> The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
第３図は、本発明に基づく板ばねの平面図である。この
板ばね４は、第２図に示した板ばね１と同様に窒化硅素
からなるものであり、第２図の板ばね１と同一のばね定
数となるように各寸法を設定し、幅方向中心線に対する
両側縁11の角度が45゜をなすような三角形としてある。FIG. 3 is a plan view of a leaf spring according to the present invention. The leaf spring 4 is made of silicon nitride like the leaf spring 1 shown in FIG. 2, and each dimension is set so as to have the same spring constant as that of the leaf spring 1 shown in FIG. The triangular shape is such that both side edges 11 form an angle of 45 ° with respect to the center line.
この板ばね４に対して前記と同様に荷重作用線Ｌ上に荷
重を加えたところ、第３図に示したような応力分布が得
られた。即ち、最大応力は固定端の幅方向中央部に発生
するが、固定端の両側縁11近傍の応力は、前記した長方
形ばね（幅方向中心線に対する両側縁11の角度が０゜）
より低くなっている。具体的な応力値は、領域５は20kg
f/mm2以下、領域６は20〜25kgf/mm2、領域７は25〜30kg
f/mm2、領域８は30〜35kgf/mm2、領域９は35kgf/mm2以
上であり、中央部の最大応力値は40.8kgf/mm2であっ
た、従って、板ばね４の側縁11の固定端を起点とする破
壊が発生し難くなっている。When a load was applied to the leaf spring 4 on the load acting line L in the same manner as described above, the stress distribution as shown in FIG. 3 was obtained. That is, the maximum stress is generated in the widthwise central portion of the fixed end, but the stress in the vicinity of both side edges 11 of the fixed end is the above-mentioned rectangular spring (the angle of each side edge 11 with respect to the widthwise center line is 0 °).
Is lower. The specific stress value is 20kg in area 5.
f / mm 2 or less, region 6 20~25kgf / mm 2, region 7 25~30kg
f / mm 2 , the area 8 was 30 to 35 kgf / mm 2 , the area 9 was 35 kgf / mm 2 or more, and the maximum stress value in the central portion was 40.8 kgf / mm 2 , so the side edges of the leaf spring 4 were It is difficult for the destruction starting from the fixed end of 11 to occur.
第４図は、幅方向中心線に対する両側縁11の角度が10゜
をなすよう構成した場合の応力分布であり、固定端の中
央部の最大応力値は33.9kgf/mm2であり、側縁11近傍の
応力は30kgf/mm2以下であった。この場合も固定端に於
ける側縁11の応力が中央部の応力に比して小さくなって
いるので、側縁11から先にクラックが生じることがな
い。Fig. 4 shows the stress distribution when the angle of both side edges 11 with respect to the center line in the width direction is 10 °, and the maximum stress value at the center of the fixed end is 33.9 kgf / mm 2 The stress near 11 was less than 30 kgf / mm 2 . In this case as well, the stress on the side edge 11 at the fixed end is smaller than the stress on the central portion, so that no crack is generated from the side edge 11 first.
第１表は、幅方向中心線に対する両側縁11の角度θが異
なる板ばねに対して固定端にクラックが発生するまで荷
重を加えた際の個体数を示している。これによると、角
度θが０であると、側縁から先にクラックを生じ、これ
をきっかけにして直ちに折損する。角度θを増大するに
従って固定端の側縁と中央部との応力差が増大するの
で、θが３゜では、中央部と側縁とに殆ど同時にクラッ
クが生じ、５゜以上では、中央から先にクラックが生じ
るが、側縁部の応力が低いため、直ちに亀裂が成長する
ことはない。中央部と側縁部との応力差を見ると（第２
表参照）、角度θが増大するに従って側縁部の応力が相
対的に減少しており、このことが裏付けられている。Table 1 shows the number of individuals when a load is applied to a leaf spring having different angles θ of both side edges 11 with respect to the center line in the width direction until a crack occurs at the fixed end. According to this, when the angle θ is 0, a crack is generated from the side edge first, and this causes the crack to be immediately broken. As the angle θ increases, the stress difference between the side edge of the fixed end and the central portion increases. Therefore, when θ is 3 °, cracks occur in the central portion and the side edge almost at the same time. Although cracks occur at the edges, the stress does not grow immediately because the stress at the side edges is low. Looking at the stress difference between the center and the side edge (second
(See the table), the stress on the side edge portion relatively decreases as the angle θ increases, which is supported.
一方、角度θが45゜以上になると、固定端の幅寸法とば
ねとしての有効寸法比の関係から、ばね定数の設定が実
用的でなくなる。そこで一般的には、角度θを５゜〜45
゜の範囲とすることが好ましく、特に実用上は10゜〜30
゜の範囲が最適と言える。 On the other hand, when the angle θ is 45 ° or more, it is not practical to set the spring constant due to the relationship between the width dimension of the fixed end and the effective dimension ratio of the spring. Therefore, generally, the angle θ is 5 ° to 45
The range is preferably in the range of 10 ° to 30 ° in practical use.
It can be said that the range of ° is optimal.
このようにして、板ばねを、その荷重作用端よりも固定
端が広幅となるように形成することにより、固定端の側
縁11に発生する応力が中央部に発生する応力に比して小
さくなるので、応力集中に基因する折損を防止し得るば
かりでなく、高応力部分の面積が小さくなり、それによ
る強度上の信頼性の向上の効果も得られる。また、第２
図に示した長方形の板ばねに比して面積が小さくて済
み、材料費を節約することができることは言うまでもな
い。特に、セラミックスのような脆性材料に於ては、有
効体積、有効面積が大きいほど強度上の信頼性が低下す
る傾向があるので、有効体積、有効面積の低減は強度信
頼性の向上につながる。In this way, by forming the leaf spring so that the fixed end is wider than the load acting end, the stress generated at the side edge 11 of the fixed end is smaller than the stress generated at the central portion. Therefore, not only the breakage due to the stress concentration can be prevented, but also the area of the high stress portion is reduced, and thereby the effect of improving the reliability in strength can be obtained. Also, the second
It goes without saying that the area is smaller than that of the rectangular leaf spring shown in the figure, and the material cost can be saved. In particular, in brittle materials such as ceramics, the larger the effective volume and effective area, the lower the reliability in strength tends to be. Therefore, reduction of the effective volume and effective area leads to improvement in strength reliability.
第５図並びに第６図は、本発明の変形実施例を示すもの
である。第５図に示した実施例に於ては、遊端12の荷重
の加わらない部分が切除されており、第６図に示した実
施例に於ては、荷重作用線Ｌから先に平行部13が設けら
れており、それぞれ荷重の支持安定性が高められてい
る。5 and 6 show a modified embodiment of the present invention. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, the portion of the free end 12 to which no load is applied is cut off, and in the embodiment shown in FIG. 13 are provided, and the load supporting stability is enhanced in each.
また三角形の形状は、固定端の側縁と荷重作用端の側縁
とを結ぶ直線14の角度θが、板ばねの幅方向中心線15に
対して所定角度であれば多少凹凸があっても良く、第７
図並びに第18図に示したように、側縁11は必ずしも直線
でなくても良い。Further, the triangular shape has a slight unevenness as long as the angle θ of the straight line 14 connecting the side edge of the fixed end and the side edge of the load acting end is a predetermined angle with respect to the widthwise center line 15 of the leaf spring. Good, 7th
As shown in the drawing and FIG. 18, the side edge 11 does not necessarily have to be a straight line.
〈発明の効果〉 このように本発明によれば、脆性材料の板ばねの形状を
好適に定めることで、応力集中に基因して発生するクラ
ックをきっかけとする破壊を防止し得るばかりでなく、
全体的な強度を高め、しかも材料を節約することができ
るので、その効果は極めて大である。<Effects of the Invention> Thus, according to the present invention, by suitably determining the shape of the leaf spring of the brittle material, it is possible not only to prevent the destruction caused by the cracks caused by the stress concentration,
The effect is extremely large because the overall strength can be increased and the material can be saved.
第１図は、片持ち荷重方式の荷重要領を示す側面図であ
る。 第２図は、従来形式の長方形板ばね及びその片持ち支持
方式下に於ける応力分布を示す平面図である。 第３図は、本発明に基づく三角形板ばね及びその片持ち
支持方式下に於ける応力分布を示す平面図である。 第４図は、別の角度の板ばね及びその片持ち支持方式下
に於ける応力分布を示す平面図である。 第５図並びに第６図は、本発明の変形実施例を示す平面
図である。 第７図並びに第８図は、片持ち支持方式下にある２種類
の板ばねの形状と角度θとの関係を説明する平面図であ
る。 １……板ばね、２……支持部分、３……荷重部材、４…
…板ばね、５〜９……領域、 11……側縁、12……遊端、13……平行部、14……直線、
15……中心線、FIG. 1 is a side view showing a load important point of a cantilever load system. FIG. 2 is a plan view showing a conventional rectangular leaf spring and the stress distribution under the cantilever support method thereof. FIG. 3 is a plan view showing a triangular leaf spring according to the present invention and a stress distribution under the cantilever support system thereof. FIG. 4 is a plan view showing the stress distribution under another angle of the leaf spring and its cantilever support system. 5 and 6 are plan views showing a modified embodiment of the present invention. 7 and 8 are plan views illustrating the relationship between the angle θ and the shapes of the two types of leaf springs under the cantilever support system. 1 ... Leaf spring, 2 ... Support portion, 3 ... Load member, 4 ...
... leaf springs, 5-9 ... area, 11 ... side edge, 12 ... free end, 13 ... parallel part, 14 ... straight line,
15 …… Center line,
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 東野 豊之 神奈川県横浜市磯子区新磯子町１番地 株 式会社日発グループ中央研究所内 (72)発明者 安達 隆介 神奈川県横浜市磯子区新磯子町１番地 株 式会社日発グループ中央研究所内 (56)参考文献 特開 昭56−35735（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 昭58−178032（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 昭61−88033（ＪＰ，Ａ) 日本バネ協会編集「ばね」第３版昭和38 年８月20日丸善株式会社発行 （第201− 202頁) ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Toyoyuki Higashi, No. 1 Shinisogo-cho, Isogo-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture Machi No. 1 Co., Ltd. Central Research Institute of Nikka Group, Ltd. (56) Reference JP-A-56-35735 (JP, A) JP-A-58-178032 (JP, A) JP-A-61-88033 (JP, A) Edited by the Japan Spring Association "Spring" 3rd edition August 20, 1964 Published by Maruzen Co., Ltd. (pp. 201-202)
Claims (1)
を有するセラミックス、ガラス、セメント又は金属間化
合物の材料からなる板ばねであって、 当該板ばねの荷重作用端の幅が固定端の幅より狭くされ
ると共に、前記固定端の側縁と前記荷重作用端の側縁と
を結ぶ直線が、当該板ばねの幅方向中心線に対し、５゜
〜45゜の角度をなしていることを特徴とするセラミック
ス、ガラス、セメント又は金属間化合物の材料からなる
板ばね。1. A leaf spring made of a material of ceramics, glass, cement or an intermetallic compound having a fixed end and a free end on which a load acts, the width of the load acting end of the leaf spring being fixed. The width of the end is narrower, and the straight line connecting the side edge of the fixed end and the side edge of the load acting end forms an angle of 5 ° to 45 ° with respect to the center line in the width direction of the leaf spring. A leaf spring made of a material of ceramics, glass, cement or an intermetallic compound, which is characterized in that
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61188051A JPH0726658B2 (en) | 1986-08-11 | 1986-08-11 | Leaf spring made of ceramic material |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61188051A JPH0726658B2 (en) | 1986-08-11 | 1986-08-11 | Leaf spring made of ceramic material |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS6347534A JPS6347534A (en) | 1988-02-29 |
| JPH0726658B2 true JPH0726658B2 (en) | 1995-03-29 |
Family
ID=16216825
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61188051A Expired - Lifetime JPH0726658B2 (en) | 1986-08-11 | 1986-08-11 | Leaf spring made of ceramic material |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0726658B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP5073894B2 (en) * | 2001-09-20 | 2012-11-14 | 電気化学工業株式会社 | Silicon nitride leaf spring material, manufacturing method and use thereof |
| JP2006132548A (en) * | 2004-10-05 | 2006-05-25 | Nok Corp | Sealing device |
| DE102007061745A1 (en) * | 2007-12-20 | 2009-06-25 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Holding element for a Kommutatorschleifkontakt an electric motor and electric motor |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5635735A (en) * | 1979-08-29 | 1981-04-08 | Sumitomo Chem Co Ltd | Heat resistant spring |
| JPS58178032A (en) * | 1982-04-12 | 1983-10-18 | Mitsubishi Steel Mfg Co Ltd | Belleville spring |
| JPS6188033A (en) * | 1984-10-04 | 1986-05-06 | Kyocera Corp | Spring made of ceramics |
-
1986
- 1986-08-11 JP JP61188051A patent/JPH0726658B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 日本バネ協会編集「ばね」第３版昭和３８年８月２０日丸善株式会社発行（第２０１−２０２頁） |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS6347534A (en) | 1988-02-29 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| KR960007481A (en) | Coated Quartz Glass Member | |
| EP1280039A3 (en) | Detecting e-mail propagated malware | |
| JP2003532546A (en) | Metal cutting saw having straight teeth and set teeth, and method of manufacturing the same | |
| AU2004236140B8 (en) | Turning insert | |
| JPH0726658B2 (en) | Leaf spring made of ceramic material | |
| EP1143033A3 (en) | Silicon carbide and method for producing the same | |
| Fett et al. | Fracture tests for ceramics under mode-I, mode-II and mixed-mode loading | |
| EP2458735A3 (en) | Surface acoustic wave filter | |
| JPH06103050B2 (en) | Leaf spring made of ceramic material | |
| JP2725660B2 (en) | Single crystal diamond tip and dresser for dresser | |
| NL9101169A (en) | ELECTRONIC PROBE NEEDLE AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING IT. | |
| US4264063A (en) | Joist hanger aid | |
| EP1053815A2 (en) | Saw blade with recurring goups of teeth of different height and width for smooth cut | |
| Yoda et al. | Growth and coalescence of indentation cracks in glass | |
| JPS59108585A (en) | Ceramic scisiors | |
| JP3416568B2 (en) | CBN blade and cutting device for cutting hard material | |
| Kimura et al. | On the static fatigue and corrosion characteristics of polycrystalline alumina and single crystal sapphire | |
| JPH0611706Y2 (en) | Jigsaw | |
| JPH081772Y2 (en) | Circular saw with ceramic tip blade | |
| JPH0726814Y2 (en) | Tubular ferrite sintered body | |
| Okamura et al. | Bonding of Silicon Carbide Ceramics by Using Active Brazing Metal. II | |
| JP3064060U (en) | Glasswork clip | |
| JPH09239317A (en) | Ceramic bounded type ultrasonic horn and its production | |
| JPH0642612Y2 (en) | Nippers | |
| KR200288072Y1 (en) | Reformation Clips |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| EXPY | Cancellation because of completion of term |