JPH07256129A - Volume reducing device having air separating mechanism - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide a volume reducing device which simultaneously executes sepn. of impurities and volume reduction (pelletization) of recovered metals so as to facilitate recycling thereof and is provided with an air separating mechanism capable of improving transportation efficiency and effectively utilizing a storage yard. CONSTITUTION:This volume reducing device 2 has a crushing chamber 11 communicating with a charging port 9 for materials to be crushed and has a rotor 10 of a cross bearing system equipped with ring hammers 18 in this crushing chamber 11. The bottom of the crushing chamber 11 facing this rotor 10 has a crushing plate 12. The volume reducing device described above has an air blowing means 3 for separating and sorting the crushed materials by wind force on the crushing outlet side and is formed with an adjusting discharge chamber 14 facing the crushing chamber 11. Elliptic adjusting plates 13a adjustable in mesh opening are arrayed at specified intervals in a vertical direction within this adjusting discharge chamber 14. The casing of the volume reducing device on the rear flow side of the adjusting plate 13a is provided with a suction duct 5 in the upper part thereof and a discharge chute 15 in the lower part thereof.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The invention according to this application relates to a volume reducing device having an air separation mechanism for enhancing the effect of separating impurities and reducing the volume in order to facilitate recycling from the viewpoint of effective utilization of resources.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art With the recent increasing need for resource protection, effective use of waste has become popular, and various systems and devices for resource recovery and volume reduction have been proposed.

There are various types of municipal waste, and unless the impurities such as plastics and resins entwined with metal such as home electric appliances are separated, they cannot be picked up by a collection company and have a low added value. That is, for waste such as general oversized trash, before or after the device that crushes them with a crusher and sorts them by shape, it is possible to install an electromagnetic or permanent magnetic separator to recover iron from the waste. Is being done,
In some cases, it may be difficult to secure the purity of the recovered metal by trapping plastics, films, cloth pieces, etc. in the waste at the time of adsorbing to the magnet, and it may be unattractive to trade as recovered metal.

Further, sorting by wind force, for example, by blowing air from the blowing port 31 into a zigzag structure as shown in FIG.
The method of separating the recovered metal, which is the primary crushed material supplied from the inlet 32, into the foreign matter (33 is the foreign matter discharge side) and the metal has poor sorting efficiency for the required air volume and is large due to the zigzag structure. There are drawbacks such as the need for an installation space, restrictions on the installation location, and waste of the installation length of the front and rear conveyors.

On the other hand, as a conventional volume reducing device, there is a vertical type as shown in FIG. 5 (when the hammer drive shaft 41 is a vertical shaft). Since the action is not added, the impact degree is low and the stability is lacking.
If the crushed material falls quickly, a sufficient volume reduction effect cannot be obtained, and the structure of the crushed material makes it difficult to combine with the air separation mechanism. In the figure, 42 is a supply conveyor, 43 is a ring hammer, 44 is a drive motor, and 45 is a discharge conveyor.

As described above, there has been no example of incorporating an air separation mechanism into a volume reducing (crushing) machine in the past, and the bulk specific gravity is increased to enhance the purity of the recovered metal to facilitate recycling, improve transportation efficiency and storage. There was still room for improvement in terms of effective use of the yard.

[0007] The main object of the invention according to this application is to perform impurity separation and volume reduction (granulation) of recovered metal at the same time so as to facilitate recycling, thereby improving transport efficiency and effectively utilizing a storage yard. It is to provide a volume reducing device.
Another object is to obtain a highly pure recovered metal by promoting the separation of a light material from a heavy metal, and yet another object is to provide a safe volume reduction device.

[0008]

The basic structure of the invention according to the present application for achieving the above-mentioned object is a horizontal bearing having a crushing chamber communicating with an input port of an object to be crushed and having a hammer in the crushing chamber. In a volume reducing device having a rotor of a system and having a crush plate at the bottom of the crushing chamber facing the rotor, an air blowing means for separating and selecting crushed materials by wind force is provided in the vicinity of the crushing exit side, and the crushing chamber is provided in the crushing chamber. An adjustment discharge chamber is provided to face it, and a mesh opening adjusting means for making the crushed material close to a constant grain shape is arranged in the adjustment discharge chamber. The volume reducing device is provided with an air separation mechanism characterized by having a suction duct and a discharge chute at the bottom.

In this structure, the opening adjustment means is
It is composed by arranging elliptical adjustment plates in a zigzag pattern on a rotatable horizontal shaft arranged in the vertical direction.The air injection port of the air injection means is formed in a slit shape extending in the lateral direction of the crushing chamber, and crashed. A cutter bar is projected on the plate, the ceiling of the adjustment discharge chamber is formed in an arch shape, a screen is arranged on the inlet side of the discharge chute, auxiliary air blowing means is arranged on the discharge chute, and a fire is extinguished on the discharge chute. A water spray nozzle may be provided and an electromagnet may be installed at the discharge port of the discharge chute.

[0010]

Function: The material to be crushed is thrown into the crushing chamber from the charging port, and the metal is crushed and crushed by the strong impact of the crush plate by the rotating force of the hammer attached to the rotor to form a granular shape (granulation). The impurities are separated from the metal to which the vinyl film or resin adheres, and are further separated and sorted by the wind force by the air blowing means provided on the side after crushing, and a certain particle size that cannot pass through the gap of the opening adjustment means. The above-mentioned things return to the crushing chamber again, and the other things pass through the gap of the opening adjusting means and metal is discharged to the discharge chute side, and impurities are discharged to the suction duct side.

By repeating the crushing, about 1/3 to 1 /
Volume is reduced to 5.

Since the opening adjustment means is composed of an elliptical adjustment plate or the like, the gap (opening) which can be passed by rotating this is easily adjusted, and the crushed material passing therethrough has a uniform grain shape. On the other hand, the metal having a shape that cannot pass through the gap of the adjusting plate returns to the crushing chamber and is repeatedly crushed, whereby the volume reduction is promoted.

From the slit-shaped air blowing port, the accelerated air flow is blown out uniformly into the space of the adjusting and discharging chamber, and an effective air separating action is exhibited.

The arch ceiling can be constructed so that a part or almost all of the crushed material is guided toward the adjusting plate.

Light materials such as paper and film are once received by the screen of the discharge chute, and only heavy metal is dropped from the eyes of the screen to the lower part. The light material is smoothly guided to the suction duct by blowing air from the auxiliary air blowing means arranged in the discharge chute portion. When flammable materials are ignited by frictional heat or the like, water is sprayed from a water spray nozzle in conjunction with a temperature, a smoke sensor, etc. provided in the discharge chute as needed to extinguish the fire. If an electromagnet is provided at the discharge port of the discharge chute, iron and aluminum (non-ferrous metal) are separated and discharged.

[0016]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Embodiments of the invention according to this application will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a diagram systematically showing a volume reducing device and its peripheral device of the invention according to this application, FIG. 2 is a side sectional view of the volume reducing device, and FIG. 3 is a partial cutaway view of the volume reducing device. It is the front view shown.

As shown in FIG. 1, the volume reducing device and its peripheral devices convey a crushed material (recovered metal as a primary crushed material), a conveyor 1, and crush the supplied crushed material. Volume reduction device 2 for separating impurities and metals to reduce the volume (granulation), and air blowing means 3 in the volume reduction device 2 after crushing.
The blower blower 4 for blowing air through the air, and the crushed light substances are sucked from the suction duct 5 by the suction blower 6 and passed through a cyclone 7 provided on the way, and then fine light substances are collected. The bag filter 8 is mainly configured.

As shown in FIG. 2, the volume reducing device 2 has a crushing chamber provided with an inlet 9 for a crushed object provided at an upper portion of the body casing 2a of the volume reducing device and a rotor 10 communicating with the inlet 9. 11, a crush plate 12 provided at the bottom of the crushing chamber 11, a rear end side of the crush plate 12,
That is, the air blowing port 3a provided near the crushing outlet side
Adjusting and discharging chamber 1 provided with air blowing means 3 composed of the like, and further with opening adjusting means 13 formed facing the crushing chamber 11.
4, a discharge chute 15 which communicates with the adjustment discharge chamber 14 and opens downward, and a suction duct 5 which opens upward.

Further, the entire structure of the volume reducing device 2 will be described in detail. A loading hopper 16 is continuously provided above the loading port 9 of the volume reducing device 2, and the transport conveyor 1 is connected to the loading hopper 16, and the crushed material C containing the recovered metal is loaded from the transport conveyor 1. After being supplied to the hopper 16, it is supplied from the charging port 9 into the crushing chamber 11 by free fall. When the crushed material is large-sized waste such as home electric appliances, first, a separately provided shredder device is used for primary crushing, and the primary crushed material (recovered metal) is the conveyor 1 described above.
It is thrown into the throwing hobber 16 via.

The rotor 10 is formed by fixing a plurality of discs (not shown) and spacers to a drive shaft 17 which is supported in the horizontal direction (so-called lateral bearing system), and is crushed at predetermined positions of the discs. Multiple ring hammers 18 (and / or swing hammers) for crushing things
Are supported by the support shaft 19. The rotor 10 is configured to be rotatable in the arrow direction via a chain 17b operated by a separately installed drive motor 17a.

On the other hand, the crushing chamber 11 facing the rotor 10
Crash plate 1 that has a substantially arc shape on the bottom of
Two are provided. The crush plate 12 is formed by connecting a plurality of divided rectangular plates 12a in series in the flow direction of the crushed material, and has a step at the boundary position of each rectangular plate 12a. The gap between the rotor 10 and the crushing inlet side is wide, and the gap is gradually narrowed toward the crushing outlet side. With such a structure, impurities such as resin and film that are strongly adhered to or entangled with the material to be crushed (recovered metal) can be separated by a twisting force, and at the same time, the recovered metal is crushed and crushed to form particles ( Granulation). In addition, in order to accelerate this action, flat plate-shaped cutter bars 12b may be arranged on the crash plate 12 at appropriate intervals in the lateral direction.

An adjustment discharge chamber 14 having an arched ceiling is provided facing the crushing chamber 11, and the adjustment discharge chamber 1 is provided.
A mesh opening adjusting means 13 including adjustment plates 13a and the like arranged in a row at a constant interval in the vertical direction is provided on the downstream side from the center of the No. 4 unit. The adjustment plate 13a has an elliptical shape in a side view, and is a rotatable horizontal shaft 13 provided at regular intervals in the vertical direction.
It is attached to b. As shown in FIG. 3, when viewed from the front of the volume reducing device, the upper and lower adjusting plates 13a are alternately arranged in a zigzag pattern, and between the adjusting plates 13a and between the adjusting plates 13a and the adjacent horizontal shaft 13b. A gap (opening) is formed between them. Each horizontal shaft 13b is adapted to rotate via a chain 13d operated by the drive of a rotary motor 13c and a sprocket 13e provided at the end of the shaft. Therefore, when the horizontal shaft 13b is rotated, the elliptical adjustment plate 13a is rotated and the size of the gap between the adjacent horizontal shafts 13b is changed, whereby the size of the object to be crushed passing therethrough is changed. The grain size can be adjusted to a constant value.

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, in the vicinity of the crushing outlet side of the crushing chamber 11, an elongated slit-like air blowing port extending in the lateral direction of the crushing chamber 11 outlet and consisting of a flat air box 3b. 3a is provided and this air box 3
A cylindrical air blowing header 3c which is long in the lateral direction is provided in communication with b, and the blower 4 for blowing is connected to the air blowing header 3c.
An air supply pipe 3d extending from (FIG. 1) is connected to form an air blowing unit 3.

According to the above construction, the air blowing header 3
The air supplied from c is accelerated by the slit-shaped air inlet 3a, and the air of a predetermined wind speed (30 to 40 m / s) is adjusted and discharged into the discharge chamber 1
4, and the impurities such as resin separated from the recovered metal after being crushed and crushed are blown away to separate and sort by wind force, while those larger than a certain grain shape can pass through the gap of the adjusting plate 13a described above. Instead, it returns to the entrance side of the crushing chamber 11 again and is crushed again.
It is designed to be discharged through the gap 3a. With such a configuration, the granulation action of the recovered metal is exerted, and the shape of the recovered metal is approximated.

A screen 20 is horizontally provided on the inlet side of the discharge chute 15 if necessary, and temporarily receives light objects such as paper and film that cannot be directly sucked by the suction duct 5, and screens only heavy metal. It is designed to fall downward from the eyes. The discharge chute 15 is provided with a plurality of auxiliary air blowing means 21 as appropriate so that the light material on the screen 20 is blown up by air blowing and smoothly guided to the suction duct 5. In addition, a water spray nozzle 22 for extinguishing fire is provided under the discharge chute 15 for safety, and sprays water in cooperation with temperature, smoke detectors, etc. for ignition of combustible materials due to frictional heat. The fire is automatically extinguished. Although not shown, if an electromagnet is provided at the discharge port of the discharge chute 15, iron and aluminum will be used.
(Nonferrous metal) can be separated and discharged. Reference numeral 23 is a conveyor for discharging the recovered metal.

The above-mentioned suction port 5a of the suction duct 5 is opened above the volume reducing apparatus main body casing 2a at the position opposite to the above-mentioned opening adjustment means 13. As shown in FIG. 1 described above, the suction duct 5 is connected to a suction blower 6 via a cyclone 7, and a bag filter 8 is provided on the discharge side of the blower 6 to collect fine dust. It is supposed to be done. According to the experimental result, the wind velocity at the suction port 5a is suitable to be 20 to 30 m / s.

Here, the volume reduction effect of the device of the present invention (horizontal type) is compared with the conventional vertical type volume reducing device shown in FIG. It can be seen that the apparatus of the present invention has a higher volume specific gravity and an increased bulk specific gravity.

[0028]

[Table 1]

[0029]

As described above, the volume of the recovered metal can be reduced (granulated) at the same time that the purity of the recovered metal can be secured, and the bulk specific gravity can be improved to improve the transportation efficiency and effectively use the storage yard. That is, advantages such as improved transport efficiency and effective use of storage space can be obtained by improving bulk specific gravity and reducing scattered materials.

By improving the purity of the recovered metal, it is possible to easily deal with the transaction conditions with the recovery company and improve the distribution of the recovered product.

Since the air separation mechanism is installed side by side, pretreatment equipment such as a zigzag structure is not required, the volume reducing device and the entire peripheral device are made compact, and as a result, the installation space is less restricted and the equipment can be easily arranged. Becomes

Since it is a horizontal bearing type volume reducing device, a large volume reducing effect can be obtained as compared with the vertical type.

The volume reducing device of the present invention has great utility as a pretreatment device for an incineration plant or the like.

Particularly, as in the second aspect of the invention, the gap (opening) is easily adjusted by rotating the elliptical adjustment plate, and the metal having a shape that cannot pass through the gap of the adjustment plate is inverted. By returning to the crushing chamber and undergoing re-crushing, the volume reduction effect can be enhanced, and by making the particle shape of the recovered metal close to a certain level, the treatment and transportation can be facilitated and the recyclability can be enhanced. According to the invention, if the air inlet is formed in a slit shape in the lateral direction of the crushing chamber outlet, the accelerated air flow is uniformly blown out into the space on the crushing outlet side to enhance the air separation / sorting effect. be able to.

If the cutter bar is provided on the crush plate as in the fourth aspect of the invention, the crushing / grinding effect is improved and the volume reducing effect can be further enhanced.

According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, if the ceiling of the adjusting and discharging chamber has an appropriate arch shape, a part or all of the crushed material can be guided toward the adjusting plate, and a smooth recovery effect can be obtained. To be

In the invention according to claim 6, light materials such as paper and film that have not been sucked directly into the suction duct by the screen of the discharge chute portion are once received, and only heavy metal is dropped from the eyes of the screen to the lower part. You can

In the seventh aspect of the present invention, the light substances accumulated on the discharge chute inlet side can be smoothly guided to the suction duct by blowing air from the auxiliary air blowing means arranged in the discharge chute portion.

In the invention according to the eighth aspect, it is possible to extinguish the ignition of a combustible material due to frictional heat or the like by the water spray nozzle, and it is possible to enhance the safety of the apparatus.

In the invention according to claim 9, iron and aluminum (non-ferrous metal) can be separated and discharged by the electromagnet.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram systematically showing a volume reducing device of the invention according to this application and its peripheral devices.

FIG. 2 is a side sectional view of the volume reducing device.

FIG. 3 is a front view showing a cutaway part of the volume reducing device.

FIG. 4 is a main part view of a conventional wind power sorting apparatus of a system in which a wind blowing is combined with a zigzag structure.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a conventional vertical volume reducing device.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Conveyor 2 ... Volume reduction apparatus 2a ... Volume reduction apparatus main body casing 3 ... Air blowing means 3a ... Air blowing port 3c ... Air blowing header 4 ... Blowing blower 5 ... Suction duct 6 ... Suction blower 7 ... Cyclone 8 ... Bag filter 9 ... Inlet 10 ... Rotor 11 ... Crushing chamber 12 ... Crash plate 12a ... Rectangular plate 12b ... Cutter bar 13 ... Opening adjusting means 13a ... Adjusting plate 13b ... Horizontal shaft 14 ... Adjusting discharge chamber 15 ... Discharge chute 18 ... Ring Hammer 20 ... Screen 21 ... Auxiliary air blowing means 22 ... Water spray nozzle

Claims (9)

[Claims] 1. A volume reducing device main body casing has an inlet for an object to be crushed, and a crushing chamber communicating with the inlet,
In a volume-reducing device having a horizontal bearing type rotor equipped with a hammer in the crushing chamber and having a crush plate at the bottom of the crushing chamber facing the rotor, air for separating and sorting crushed substances by wind near the crushing outlet side A blow-out means is provided, and an adjusting and discharging chamber is provided facing the crushing chamber, and an opening adjusting means is provided in the adjusting and discharging chamber to bring the crushed material into a constant grain shape. A volume reducing device having an air separation mechanism, which is characterized in that a suction duct is provided at an upper portion of a casing of a main body of the volume reducing device on the side and a discharge chute is provided at a lower portion. 2. The opening adjustment means is constituted by arranging elliptical adjustment plates in a zigzag manner on a rotatable horizontal shaft arranged in the vertical direction. Volume reduction device with air separation mechanism. 3. A volume reducing device having an air separating mechanism according to claim 1, wherein the air blowing port of the air blowing means is formed in a slit shape extending in the lateral direction of the crushing chamber. 4. A volume reducing device having an air separating mechanism according to claim 1, wherein a cutter bar is provided on the crash plate so as to project therefrom. 5. The volume reducing device provided with the air separation mechanism according to claim 1, wherein a ceiling of the adjustment discharge chamber is formed in an arch shape. 6. A volume reducing device having an air separating mechanism according to claim 1, wherein a screen is provided on the inlet side of the discharge chute. 7. A volume reducing device provided with an air separating mechanism according to claim 1, wherein the discharge chute portion is provided with auxiliary air blowing means. 8. A volume reducing device having an air separation mechanism according to claim 1, wherein a water spray nozzle for extinguishing a fire is provided in the discharge chute portion. 9. A volume reducing device provided with an air separation mechanism according to claim 1, wherein an electromagnet is installed at a discharge port of the discharge chute.