JPH07231617A - Commutator rotating electric machine - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To rotate a commutator rotating electric machine at high speed and to make the rotating electric machine small and light by providing an insulator which electrically insulates, from ah armature core and an outside conductor, an inside conductor in which a first armature-coil holding part is connected to a third armature-coil holding part and in which a second is armature-coil holding part is connected to a fourth armature-coil holding part. CONSTITUTION:An inside conductor 21 is constituted in such a way that it is arranged between an armature core 11 and an outside conductor 20, that the inner end in the radial direction of a third armature-coil holding part 21b is connected to the inner end in the radial direction of a first armature-coil holding part 20b and that the inner end in the radial direction of a fourth armature-coil holding part 21d is connected to the inner end in the radial direction of a second armature-coil holding part 20b. Insulators 20a, 20c, 21a, 21c which electrically insulate the inside conductor 21 from the armature core 11 and the outside conductor 20 are arranged and installed. Thereby, a commutator rotating electric machine can be rotated at high speed, and it can be made small and light.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a commutator type rotating electric machine having a commutator.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A commutator of a conventional commutator type rotating electric machine has a plurality of commutator pieces which are electrically insulated from a rotary shaft and are arranged circumferentially around the rotary shaft. JP 63
JP-A-194541 discloses that a brush contact portion extending outward in the axial direction is partially embedded in a surface portion of a mold resin cylinder (insulating material) fitted on a rotary shaft, and a circumferential direction is provided inside the mold resin cylinder. While embedding an inner conductor extending in the axial direction while inclining to the outside, extending the outer riser portion from one end of the brush contact portion in the radial direction, while electrically insulating between the outer riser portion and the armature core Disclosed is a commutator piece formed by radially extending an inner riser portion from one end of the inner conductor. By doing so, the coil end can be omitted.

Further, a surface type commutator in which commutator pieces are radially arranged in a radial direction is also known. In the surface type commutator, the commutator piece does not have to be carried on the outer peripheral portion of the mold resin cylinder, which is advantageous in high speed rotation.

[0004]

However, commutator-type small DC motors used for starters for automobiles, etc. are required to have particularly small size, light weight, and large output, and therefore the temperature rise of each part during operation is remarkable. . In particular, the mold resin cylinder supporting the commutator piece on its outer peripheral portion must hold the commutator piece against the centrifugal force, and the resistance heat generation of the commutator piece and the frictional heat of the brush. Therefore, a large thermal and mechanical load is applied.

In the surface type commutator, the surface type commutator is arranged from the end face of the armature core through the coil end accommodating space of the armature coil in order to bend the armature coil by the required pitch, Further, the brush has to be placed laterally on the outer side of the brush, which causes a problem that the axial length of the motor, the physique, and the weight increase. There is also a problem that the high speed rotation of the motor is limited by the centrifugal force applied to the coil end.

On the other hand, since the commutator piece of the above-mentioned publication has a large diameter riser portion, the centrifugal force of the commutator piece, which is proportional to the square of the radius, is remarkably increased as compared with the conventional case, and the mold resin carrying the combustor piece is carried. The problem is that the load on the cylinder is heavy and the motor cannot rotate at high speed. Further, the commutator piece, that is, both the brush contact portion and the inner conductor must be carried in the radial direction in two stages in the mold resin cylinder, and the load on the mold resin cylinder becomes more severe than in the conventional case. There is. Further, since it is necessary to transfer the friction heat generated at the brush contact portion to both riser portions by friction with the brush, the temperature of the mold resin cylinder supporting the brush contact portion and the inner axial conductor portion becomes considerably high. I will end up. Furthermore, since the inner conductor must be obliquely provided in the circumferential direction, there is a problem that the axial length of the mold resin cylinder cannot be shortened.

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and has been remarkably high speed rotation of a commutator type rotary electric machine.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a commutator structure that can be reduced in size and weight.

[0008]

In order to achieve the above object, an armature coil disposed at an outer end portion of an armature core in a radial direction, and extended along an end surface of the armature core on a brush side. A first armature coil holding portion, and a second armature coil holding portion extending along an end surface of the armature core on the side opposite to the brush side, and the first armature coil holding portion. The second armature coil holding part is integrally formed with the armature coil, and the outer conductor in which the axial outer end surface of the first armature coil holding part forms a brush sliding surface, and the armature core. Of the second armature coil holding portion, which has a third armature coil holding portion which is arranged between the outer conductor and is connected to a radially inner end of the first armature coil holding portion. An inner conductor having a fourth armature coil holding portion connected to the inner end in the radial direction; It adopts a configuration in which characterized in that a and an insulator for electrically insulating from the armature core and the outer conductor.

[0009]

According to the present invention, since the coil end can be omitted in claim 1, high-speed rotation is not restricted by its centrifugal resistance, and the axial length and physique of the motor are reduced. , The weight can be reduced. Further, unlike the conventional case, it is not necessary to carry the first armature coil holding portion by the surface portion of the mold resin cylinder, and the mold resin cylinder itself is not required. High-speed rotation and high output are not restricted by thermal and mechanical loads, and the axial length, physique and weight of the motor can be reduced by the omission of the mold resin cylinder. Moreover, the frictional heat generated by the brush is generated in the first armature coil holder, and the first armature coil holder is well cooled by the airflow generated in the centrifugal direction along the surface of the first armature coil holder. In addition, the commutator does not limit the heat resistant temperature of the motor because the armature iron core having a large heat capacity can temporarily absorb the heat. Further, since the outer conductor is integrally molded, the contact resistance between the first armature coil holding portion and the second armature coil holding portion and the armature coil is reduced, so that the rotating electric machine can be rotated at high speed. In addition to the above, there is an excellent effect that the assemblability to the armature core is significantly improved.

In the second aspect, the first armature coil holding portion, the third armature coil holding portion, and the insulator are integrally molded and fixed to the armature core. It has excellent resistance to centrifugal force and enables higher speed rotation.

[0011]

The present invention will be described below based on the embodiments shown in the drawings. FIG. 1 is an axial sectional view of a commutator type rotary electric machine showing an embodiment of the present invention. An armature core 1 formed by laminating a plurality of disc-shaped steel plates 15 at substantially the center of the rotating shaft 10.
1 is fitted in the armature core 11. A plurality of slots 13 are formed on the outer peripheral surface of the armature core 11, and armature coils 20e and 21e are wound in two upper and lower stages inside. This 20
e is also called an upper conductor and 21e is also called a lower conductor. A commutator section 40 described later is formed on the right end surface of the armature core 11,
Further, an anti-commutator portion 90, which will be described later, is formed on the left end surface to form an armature (rotor) of the electric motor. Both ends of the rotary shaft 10 are rotatably supported by a bearing 61 attached to an end frame 60 of the electric motor and a bearing 62 attached to a member (not shown), and the end frame 60 shields an opening of a yoke 70 made of a cylindrical steel plate. is doing. On the inner peripheral surface of the yoke 70, four magnetic pole cores 51 around which the field coil 50 is wound are fixed in proximity to the periphery of the armature core 11, and are fixed 90 degrees apart from each other in the circumferential direction. Yoke 70, field coil 5
0 and the magnetic pole core 51 form a stator. 1
Reference numeral 2 denotes a gear provided on the rotary shaft 10, which meshes with a gear of a reduction unit (not shown) (for example, a planetary gear reduction mechanism),
The rotation of the rotary shaft 10 is transmitted to the gear (not shown).

A brush holder 80 is attached to the end frame 60.
Is fixed, and a brush 81 is held inside thereof so as to be slidable in the axial direction. The spring 82 provided in the brush holder 80 presses the brush 81 against the first armature coil holding portion 20b of the commutator portion 40, which will be described later. Next, the commutator section 40 and the anti-commutator section 9
0, the upper conductor 20e, and the lower conductor 21e will be described in more detail.

A third armature coil holding portion 21b is fixed to the right end surface of the armature core 11 with a resin-based insulating material 21a sandwiched between the first armature coil and the resin-based insulating material 20a sandwiched therewith. The holding portion 20b is fixed. Further, a fourth armature coil holding portion 21d is fixed to the left end face with a resin-based insulating material 21c sandwiched between the resin-based insulating material 20 and the fourth armature coil holding portion 21d.
The second armature coil holding portion 20d is fixed with the c interposed therebetween. The resin-based insulating material 21a, the third armature coil holding portion 21b, the resin-based insulating material 20a, and the first armature coil holding portion 20b constitute a commutator portion (brush side) 40. 21c, the fourth armature coil holder 2
The 1d, the resin-based insulating material 20c, and the second armature coil holding portion 20d form an anti-commutator portion (anti-brush side) 90. The resin-based insulating materials 21a, 20a, 21c and 20c constitute the insulating material in the present invention.

The upper conductor 20e, the first armature coil holding portion 20b, and the second armature coil holding portion 20d are integrally formed of a material such as copper by cold forging to form the outer conductor 20. Further, the lower conductor 21e forms the inner conductor 21 by integrally forming the third armature coil holding portion 21b and the fourth armature coil holding portion 21d with a material such as copper by cold forging or the like.

FIG. 2 shows the arrangement of the first armature coil holder 20b. Reference numeral 20f is a groove between adjacent first armature coil holding portions 20b. Therefore, the outer surface of the first armature coil holder 20b forms a brush sliding surface.
Next, a method of assembling the outer conductor 20 and the inner conductor 21 into the slot 13 of the armature core 11 will be described with reference to FIG.

First, open claw portions 13a are formed on both sides of the opening of the slot 13. Insulating paper 14 is inserted into the slot 13 along the inner wall. The outer conductor 20 and the inner conductor 21 are formed with an insulating film on their surfaces in advance, and then the inner conductor 2 is formed from the outer circumference of the slot 13.
The outer conductor 20 and the inner conductor 21 are fixed by inserting the outer conductor 20 into the slot 13 in this order, and then closing the claw portions 13a of the openings of the slot 13. At this time, the above-mentioned resin-based insulating material 2 is formed on both end faces of the armature core 11.
0a, 21a, 20c, 21c are arranged, and the radial inner end of the first armature coil holding portion 20b and the radial inner end of the third armature coil holding portion 21b are connected as shown in FIG. The radial inner end of the second armature coil holding portion 20d and the radial inner end of the fourth armature coil holding portion 21d are electrically and mechanically connected. This completes the single wave winding. Of course, it is of course possible to select other various winding types such as lap winding.
FIG. 3 shows an electrical connection diagram of the armature coil and the armature coil holding portion of the present invention. The solid line portion represents the outer conductor 20, the broken line portion represents the inner conductor 21, and Yb represents the commutator portion 40.
Armature coil 20 of upper conductor 20 connected on the opposite side of
It is a back pitch composed of e and the armature coil 21e of the lower conductor 21. Yf is a front pitch composed of an armature coil 20e of the upper conductor 20 and an armature coil 21e of the lower conductor 21, which are connected on the commutator section 40 side.

Therefore, in the conventional motor, the connection wiring between the conductors in the slot of the armature coil, which is performed at the coil end of the armature coil, is the inner conductor 2 in the above-described embodiment.
No. 1 third armature coil holder 21b and outer conductor 20
It is replaced by the substantially spiral curve of the first armature coil holder 20b. Of course, as shown in FIG. 4, the two spiral directions are opposite. In addition, the fourth armature coil holding portion 21d of the inner conductor 21 and the second armature coil holding portion 20d of the outer conductor 20 are connected to each other at the other end between the conductors in the slot of the armature coil by the substantially spiral curve. Is replaced. Explaining further, the outer sides of the first armature coil holding portion 20b and the third armature coil holding portion 21b whose both inner sides in the radial direction are connected to each other are shifted by one front pitch in the circumferential direction. . Therefore, in this embodiment, the third armature coil holding portion 21b and the first armature coil holding portion 20b are each curved by about ½ front pitch, but the curved or bent shape can be freely designed. Therefore, the first armature coil holding portions 20b may be radially arranged and the third armature coil holding portion 21b may be largely curved. In addition, the outer sides of the second armature coil holding portion 20d and the fourth armature coil holding portion 21d whose both inner sides in the radial direction are connected to each other are shifted by 1 back pitch in the circumferential direction. There is no explanation in the middle, but it is a natural structure.

The above-mentioned resin-based insulating materials 20a, 21a, 2
0c and 21c are epoxy resins, which connect the first armature coil holding portion 20b and the third armature coil holding portion 21b, and the second armature coil holding portion 20d and the fourth armature. After the coil holding portion 21d is connected, it is molded together with each resin-based insulating material and fixed to the armature core 11, but each is insulated and fixed with a separate heat-resistant resin sheet material. Good.

As is apparent from the above description, according to the present embodiment, it is considered that the coil end of the armature coil has been converted into the third armature coil holding portion 21b of the inner conductor 21, and therefore the armature shaft. The length in the direction can be remarkably shortened, and the size and weight of the motor can be reduced. Further, the resin-based insulating materials 21a and 20a and the third armature coil holding portion 2
1b, the centrifugal force acts in a direction parallel to the contact interface with the first armature coil holding portion 20b, so that the anti-centrifugal force performance of the commutator portion 40 can be improved. Further, the sliding contact area with the brush 81 can be realized without increasing the physical size. Further, the resistance heat and the frictional heat generated in the first commutator coil holding portion 20b are well cooled by the inevitably generated centrifugal air flow, and are well absorbed by the large heat capacity armature core 11 through the solid heat transfer. Suitable for electric motors for fully closed starters. In particular, when the speed reducing mechanism is adopted to reduce the size and speed of the electric motor, the effect is great.

According to the test results of the present inventors, 1.4 k
As a result of conducting a comparative test with a conventional product under the condition that the motor is rated for W and 30 seconds and the sliding contact area of the brush is the same, the conventional product has a temperature difference of 50 ° C between the armature core and the commutator part. The temperature of the product of the present invention was 15 ° C. Further, since the outer conductor 20 is integrally molded with the armature coil 20e, the first armature coil holding portion 20b, and the second armature coil holding portion 20d, the outer conductor 20 is formed integrally with the first armature coil holding portion 20b. Since the contact resistance between the second armature coil holding portion 20d and the armature coil 20e is reduced, the rotating electric machine can be rotated at a high speed and the assembling property to the armature core 11 is significantly improved. .

In the above embodiment, the outer conductor 2
Although the inner conductor 21 and the inner conductor 21 are integrally formed of a material such as copper by cold forging, the outer conductor 20 and the inner conductor 21 may be formed by pressing a copper plate as shown in FIG. In this case, the manufacturing cost of the outer conductor 20 and the inner conductor 21 can be significantly reduced. 7 shows the outer conductor 20 and the inner conductor 2 of FIG.
1 is a developed state view before bending of No. 1, in which both ends (20j, 20i) of an outer conductor 20 and an inner conductor 21 formed by progressive drawing or the like from a strip-shaped copper plate are bent at a substantially right angle, and further, the armature core 11 FIG. 8 shows a portion 20g attached to the slot 13 of FIG.
As shown in the cross section AA of FIG. 7 shown in FIG.

In the above embodiment, the 4-pole field winding type DC motor is explained. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and a DC motor other than 4-pole or a magnet for generating a field magnetic field by a permanent magnet. It is obvious that the present invention can be applied to a field type DC electric motor and also other AC type commutator electric motors.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an axial sectional view of a commutator type rotating electric machine showing an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a layout view of the outer conductor of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a partial wiring diagram of the inner conductor and the outer conductor of FIG.

FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view showing an arrangement state of an inner conductor and an outer conductor of FIG.

5 is an assembly diagram of an outer conductor and an inner conductor to the armature core of FIG.

FIG. 6 is a schematic perspective view showing an arrangement state of an inner conductor and an outer conductor showing another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a development view of the outer conductor of FIG.

8 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA of FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

 11 Armature Iron Core 20 Outer Conductor 20a Resin Insulation Material (Insulator) 20b First Armature Coil Holding Section 20c Resin Insulation Material (Insulator) 20d Second Armature Coil Holding Section 20e Armature Coil 21a Resin System Insulating material (insulator) 21b Third armature coil holder 21c Resin-based insulating material (insulator) 21d Fourth armature coil holder 21e Armature coil

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. An armature coil arranged at an outer end portion of an armature core in a radial direction, a first armature coil holding portion extending along a brush side end surface of the armature core, and the above-mentioned. It has a second armature coil holding portion extended along an end surface of the armature core on the side opposite to the brush side, and the first armature coil holding portion and the second armature coil holding portion are An outer conductor integrally formed with the armature coil, the outer end surface of the first armature coil holding portion in the axial direction forming a brush sliding surface, and arranged between the armature core and the outer conductor, A fourth electric machine having a third armature coil holding portion connected to the radial inner end of the one armature coil holding portion, and being connected to the radial inner end of the second armature coil holding portion. An inner conductor having a child coil holding portion, and the inner conductor is electrically connected from the armature core and the outer conductor. Commutator type rotary electric machine, characterized in that it comprises an insulating body for insulating. 2. The commutator according to claim 1, wherein the insulator is made of resin and is molded together with the first armature coil holder and the third armature coil holder. Type rotating electric machine.