JP3097729B2 - Commutator type rotating electric machine - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a commutator type rotary electric machine having a commutator.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A conventional commutator of a commutator-type rotary electric machine has a plurality of commutator pieces which are electrically insulated from a rotating shaft and are arranged circumferentially around the rotating shaft. JP 63
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 194541 discloses that a brush contact portion extending outward in the axial direction is partially buried in a surface portion of a mold resin tube (insulating material) fitted on a rotating shaft, and a circumferential direction is provided inside the mold resin tube. An inner conductor extending in the axial direction while sloping is embedded, and the outer riser portion is radially extended from one end of the brush contact portion, and between the outer riser portion and the armature core, while being electrically insulated from both. A commutator piece is disclosed in which an inner riser portion extends radially from one end of the inner conductor. By doing so, the coil end can be omitted.

A surface type commutator in which commutator pieces are radially arranged in a radial direction is also known. In the surface type commutator, the commutator piece does not need to be carried on the outer peripheral portion of the mold resin cylinder, which is advantageous in high-speed rotation.

[0004]

However, commutator-type small DC motors used in automobile starters and the like are required to be particularly small, light and large in output, and as a result, the temperature of each part during operation is significantly increased. . In particular, the mold resin tube carrying the commutator piece on its outer periphery must hold the commutator piece against its centrifugal force, and furthermore, the effect of resistance heat of the commutator piece and frictional heat generated by the brush. Large thermal and mechanical loads.

In the surface type commutator, the surface type commutator is disposed from the end face of the armature core through the coil end accommodating space of the armature coil in order to bend the armature coil at a required pitch. Further, the brush must be placed laterally on the outside thereof, and there is a problem that the axial length, the size, and the weight of the motor increase. Another problem is that high-speed rotation of the motor is limited by the centrifugal force applied to the coil end.

On the other hand, since the commutator element disclosed in the above publication has a large-diameter riser portion, the centrifugal force of the commutator element, which is proportional to the square of the radius, is significantly increased, and the mold resin supporting the commutator element is larger than the conventional technique. The problem is that the load on the cylinder is large and the motor cannot rotate at high speed. In addition, the commutator piece, that is, both the brush contact portion and the inner conductor, must be carried in two stages in the radial direction in the mold resin cylinder, and the burden on the mold resin cylinder becomes more severe than in the conventional case. I have. In addition, since the frictional heat generated at the brush contact portion due to friction with the brush needs to be transmitted to both riser portions, the temperature of the mold resin tube supporting the brush contact portion and the inner axial conductor portion becomes considerably high. I will. Furthermore, since the inner conductor must be obliquely provided in the circumferential direction, there is a problem that the axial length of the molded resin cylinder cannot be shortened.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and has a remarkably high speed rotation of a commutator type rotating electric machine.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a commutator structure that can be reduced in size and weight.

[0008]

In order to achieve the above object, an armature coil disposed at a radially outer end of an armature core extends along a brush-side end face of the armature core. A first armature coil holding portion, and a second armature coil holding portion extending along an end surface of the armature core on the side opposite to the brush, and the first armature coil holding portion and The second armature coil holding portion is integrally formed with the armature coil, and an outer conductor in which an axial outer end surface of the first armature coil holding portion forms a brush sliding surface, and the armature core and A third armature coil holding portion disposed between the outer conductor and a radially inner end of the first armature coil holding portion; and a third armature coil holding portion. An inner conductor having a fourth armature coil holding portion connected to the radial inner end; It adopts a configuration in which characterized in that a and an insulator for electrically insulating from the armature core and the outer conductor.

[0009]

According to the present invention, since the coil end can be omitted in the first aspect, the high-speed rotation is not restricted by the anti-centrifugal force, and the axial length and physical size of the motor are not restricted. , Can reduce weight. Further, it is not necessary to carry the first armature coil holding portion by the surface portion of the mold resin cylinder as in the conventional case, and the mold resin tube itself becomes unnecessary. High-speed rotation and high output are not restricted by thermal and mechanical loads, and the axial length, physique and weight of the motor can be reduced by the omission of the mold resin cylinder. In addition, the frictional heat generated by the brush is generated in the first armature coil holder, which is well cooled by the airflow generated in the centrifugal direction along the surface. The commutator does not limit the heat-resistant temperature of the motor because it can be temporarily absorbed by the armature core having a large heat capacity. Further, since the outer conductor is integrally formed, the contact resistance between the first armature coil holding portion and the second armature coil holding portion and the armature coil is reduced, so that the rotating electric machine can rotate at a high speed. And an excellent effect that the assembling property to the armature core is greatly improved.

According to the second aspect, the first armature coil holding portion, the third armature coil holding portion, and the insulator are integrally molded and fixed to the armature core. It has excellent centrifugal force resistance and enables high-speed rotation.

[0011]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will be described below with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawings. FIG. 1 is an axial sectional view of a commutator-type rotating electric machine showing one embodiment of the present invention. An armature core 1 formed by laminating a plurality of disk-shaped steel plates 15 at a substantially central portion of the rotating shaft 10.
A plurality of slots 13 are formed on the outer peripheral surface of the armature core 11, and armature coils 20e and 21e are wound inside the upper and lower stages in two stages. This 20
e is also called an upper conductor and 21e is also called a lower conductor. A commutator part 40 described later is formed on the right end face of the armature core 11,
Further, an anti-commutator portion 90 described later is formed on the left end surface to constitute an armature (rotor) of the electric motor. Both ends of the rotating shaft 10 are supported by a bearing 61 attached to an end frame 60 of the electric motor and a bearing 62 attached to a member (not shown). The end frame 60 shields an opening of a yoke 70 made of a cylindrical steel plate. doing. On the inner peripheral surface of the yoke 70, four magnetic pole cores 51 around which the field coil 50 is wound are fixed close to the periphery of the armature core 11, and are fixed at 90 degrees apart from each other in the circumferential direction. Yoke 70, field coil 5
0 and the magnetic pole core 51 constitute a stator. In addition, 1
Reference numeral 2 denotes a gear provided on the rotating shaft 10, which meshes with a gear of a reduction unit (for example, a planetary gear reduction mechanism) not shown,
The rotation of the rotating shaft 10 is transmitted to the gear (not shown).

The end frame 60 includes a brush holder 80.
Is fixed, and a brush 81 is held inside thereof so as to be slidable in the axial direction. The brush 81 is pressed against a first armature coil holding portion 20b of the commutator portion 40 described later by a spring 82 provided in the brush holder 80. Next, the commutator section 40 and the anti-commutator section 9
0, the upper conductor 20e and the lower conductor 21e will be described in more detail.

A third armature coil holding portion 21b is fixed to the right end surface of the armature core 11 with a resin-based insulating material 21a interposed therebetween, and the first armature coil is held with a resin-based insulating material 20a interposed therebetween. The holding portion 20b is fixed. A fourth armature coil holding portion 21d is fixed to the left end surface with a resin-based insulating material 21c interposed therebetween, and a resin-based insulating material 20
The second armature coil holding portion 20d is fixed with c interposed therebetween. The resin-based insulating material 21a, the third armature coil holding portion 21b, the resin-based insulating material 20a and the first armature coil holding portion 20b constitute a commutator portion (brush side) 40, and the resin-based insulating material 21c, fourth armature coil holding unit 2
1d, the resin-based insulating material 20c, and the second armature coil holding portion 20d constitute an anti-commutator portion (opposite the brush side) 90. The resin-based insulating materials 21a, 20a, 21c, and 20c constitute the insulating material referred to in the present invention.

The upper conductor 20e, the first armature coil holding portion 20b, and the second armature coil holding portion 20d are integrally formed of a material such as copper by cold forging or the like to form the outer conductor 20. The lower conductor 21e forms the inner conductor 21 by integrally forming the third armature coil holding portion 21b and the fourth armature coil holding portion 21d by a material such as copper by cold forging or the like.

FIG. 2 shows the arrangement of the first armature coil holding portion 20b. 20f is a groove between the adjacent first armature coil holding portions 20b. Therefore, the outer surface of the first armature coil holding portion 20b forms a brush sliding surface.
Next, a method of assembling the outer conductor 20 and the inner conductor 21 to the slots 13 of the armature core 11 will be described with reference to FIG.

First, open claw portions 13a are formed on both sides of the opening of the slot 13. Insulating paper 14 is inserted into the slot 13 along the inner wall. After the outer conductor 20 and the inner conductor 21 are formed with an insulating film on the surface in advance, the inner conductor 2
1. The outer conductor 20 is inserted into the slot 13 in the order of the outer conductor 20, and then the outer conductor 20 and the inner conductor 21 are fixed by closing the claw 13a of the opening of the slot 13. At this time, the above-described resin-based insulating material 2
0a, 21a, 20c and 21c are arranged, and the radial inner end of the first armature coil holding portion 20b and the radial inner end of the third armature coil holding portion 21b are connected as shown in FIG. The radially inner end of the second armature coil holding portion 20d and the radially inner end of the fourth armature coil holding portion 21d are electrically and mechanically connected. Thereby, a single wave winding is completed. Of course, various other winding types such as lap winding can be selected.
FIG. 3 shows an electrical connection diagram of the armature coil and the armature coil holding portion of the present invention. The solid line portion indicates the outer conductor 20, the broken line portion indicates the inner conductor 21, and Yb indicates the commutator portion 40.
Armature coil 20 of upper conductor 20 connected on the opposite side of
e and the back pitch composed of the armature coil 21e of the lower conductor 21. Yf is a front pitch composed of the armature coil 20e of the upper conductor 20 and the armature coil 21e of the lower conductor 21 connected on the side of the commutator section 40.

Accordingly, in the conventional motor, the connection wiring between the conductors in the slot of the armature coil, which has been performed at the coil end of the armature coil, is the same as that of the inner conductor 2 in the above-described embodiment.
1st armature coil holding portion 21b and outer conductor 20
Of the first armature coil holding portion 20b. Of course, as shown in FIG. 4, both spiral directions are opposite. Further, due to the substantially spiral curve of the fourth armature coil holding portion 21d of the inner conductor 21 and the second armature coil holding portion 20d of the outer conductor 20, connection wiring at the other end between the in-slot conductors of the armature coil is formed. Is replaced. More specifically, the outer sides of the first armature coil holding section 20b and the third armature coil holding section 21b whose inner sides in both radial directions are connected to each other are shifted in the circumferential direction by one front pitch. . Therefore, in this embodiment, the third armature coil holding portion 21b and the first armature coil holding portion 20b are each bent by approximately 1/2 front pitch, but the bent or bent shape is freely designed. However, the first armature coil holding portion 20b may be arranged radially, and the third armature coil holding portion 21b may be greatly curved. Also, the outside of each of the second armature coil holding portion 20d and the fourth armature coil holding portion 21d, whose inner sides in both radial directions are connected to each other, is shifted in the circumferential direction by one back pitch. Although there is no middle explanation, it is a natural configuration.

The above-mentioned resin insulating materials 20a, 21a, 2
Reference numerals 0c and 21c denote epoxy resins, which connect the first armature coil holding portion 20b and the third armature coil holding portion 21b, and connect the second armature coil holding portion 20d to the fourth armature. After the coil holding portions 21d are connected, they are molded with each resin-based insulating material and fixed to the armature core 11, but each is insulated and fixed by a separate heat-resistant resin sheet material. Is also good.

As apparent from the above description, according to the present embodiment, it is considered that the coil end of the armature coil is converted to the third armature coil holding portion 21b of the inner conductor 21, so that the armature shaft The length in the direction can be significantly reduced, and the motor size and weight can be reduced in size and weight. Also, the resin-based insulating materials 21a and 20a and the third armature coil holding portion 2
1b, the centrifugal force acts in the direction parallel to the contact interface with the first armature coil holding portion 20b, so that the centrifugal force resistance performance of the commutator portion 40 can be improved. Further, the sliding contact area with the brush 81 can be realized without increasing the physique. Furthermore, the resistance heat and frictional heat generated in the first commutator coil holding portion 20b are well cooled by the inevitably generated centrifugal airflow, and are well absorbed by the large heat capacity armature core 11 through solid state heat transfer. It is suitable for a fully closed type starter motor. In particular, when the motor is downsized and the speed is increased by adopting the speed reduction mechanism, the effect is remarkable.

According to the test results of the present inventors, 1.4 k
As a result of a comparative test with a conventional product using a W, 30-second rated motor and the same brush contact area, the conventional product had a temperature difference of 50 ° C between the armature core and the commutator section. The temperature was 15 ° C. for the product of the present invention. Furthermore, since the outer conductor 20 is integrally formed with the armature coil 20e, the first armature coil holding portion 20b, and the second armature coil holding portion 20d, the outer conductor 20 is formed integrally with the first armature coil holding portion 20b. Since the contact resistance between the second armature coil holding portion 20d and the armature coil 20e is reduced, the rotating electric machine can be rotated at a high speed, and the assemblability to the armature core 11 is greatly improved. .

In the embodiment described above, the outer conductor 2
Both the inner conductor 21 and the inner conductor 21 are integrally formed of a material such as copper by cold forging. However, as shown in FIG. 6, the outer conductor 20 and the inner conductor 21 may be formed of a pressed copper plate. In this case, the manufacturing cost of the outer conductor 20 and the inner conductor 21 can be significantly reduced. FIG. 7 shows the outer conductor 20 and the inner conductor 2 of FIG.
1 is an unfolded state diagram before bending, in which both ends (20j, 20i) of an outer conductor 20 and an inner conductor 21 formed by progressive punching or the like from a strip-shaped copper plate are bent substantially at a right angle; FIG. 8 shows a portion 20g mounted in the slot 13 of FIG.
As shown in the cross section AA in FIG.

In the above embodiment, a four-pole wound field type DC motor has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and a DC motor other than four poles or a magnet which generates a field magnetic field by a permanent magnet can be used. Obviously, the present invention can be applied to a field type DC motor and also to other AC commutator motors.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an axial sectional view of a commutator-type rotary electric machine showing one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a layout view of an outer conductor of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a partial wiring diagram of an inner conductor and an outer conductor of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view showing an arrangement state of an inner conductor and an outer conductor of FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is an assembly diagram of an outer conductor and an inner conductor to the armature core of FIG. 1;

FIG. 6 is a schematic perspective view showing an arrangement state of inner conductors and outer conductors according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a development view of the outer conductor of FIG. 6;

FIG. 8 is a sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. 7;

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 Armature core 20 Outer conductor 20a Resin-based insulating material (insulator) 20b First armature coil holding portion 20c Resin-based insulating material (insulator) 20d Second armature coil holding portion 20e Armature coil 21a Resin-based Insulator (insulator) 21b Third armature coil holder 21c Resin-based insulator (insulator) 21d Fourth armature coil holder 21e Armature coil

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (58) Field surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) H02K 13/04

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] An armature coil disposed at a radially outer end of an armature core, and a first spirally-curved armature extending along a brush-side end surface of the armature core. A coil holding portion, and a second armature coil holding portion extending along an end surface of the armature core on a side opposite to the brush, wherein the first armature coil holding portion and the second armature A coil holding portion integrally formed with the armature coil; an outer conductor in which an axial outer end surface of the first armature coil holding portion forms a brush sliding surface; and between the armature core and the outer conductor. disposed substantially connected to the radially inner end of said first armature coil holding portion
Having a third armature coil holding portion curved in a spiral shape ,
An inner conductor having a fourth armature coil holding portion connected to a radially inner end of the second armature coil holding portion; and an insulator electrically insulating the inner conductor from the armature core and the outer conductor. And a commutator-type rotating electric machine comprising: 2. The commutator according to claim 1, wherein said insulator is made of resin and is molded together with said first armature coil holding portion and said third armature coil holding portion. Type rotating electric machine. 3. An armature core (11) having a plurality of slots (13) on an outer peripheral surface, a rotating shaft (10) provided on the armature core, and provided in a slot of the armature core. An armature coil having an inner conductor and an outer conductor, the outer conductor (20e) of the armature coil having a substantially spiral shape extending along the brush-side end surface of the armature core.
A curved first armature coil holding portion (20b), and a second armature core extending along an end surface of the armature core on a side opposite to the brush .
A second armature coil holding portion (20d), wherein the first armature coil holding portion and the second armature coil holding portion are formed integrally with the outer conductor; The end surface in the axial direction of the holding portion forms a brush sliding surface, and the inner conductor (21e) of the armature coil is disposed between the armature core and the outer conductor, and the first armature coil holding portion is provided. Curved approximately spirally connected to the radial inner end of the part
A third armature coil holding portion (21b) connected to a radially inner end of the second armature coil holding portion. A third armature coil holding portion (21b) and the fourth armature coil holding portion (21d) are formed integrally with the inner conductor, and the inner conductor is electrically connected to the armature core and the outer conductor. An inner conductor (21e) of the armature coil in the slot.
And a commutator-type rotating electric machine which houses an outer conductor (20e) of the armature coil. 4. An armature core (11) having a plurality of slots (13) formed with an open claw portion (13a) on an outer peripheral surface thereof; an insulator inserted into the slots; Substantially extended along the brush-side end face of the child core
The first armature coil holding portion which is curved in a spiral shape (20
b), and a second armature coil holding portion (20d) extending along an end surface of the armature core on the side opposite to the brush, wherein the first armature coil holding portion and the second armature coil holding portion are provided. An armature coil holding portion is formed in an approximately spiral shape and connected to an outer conductor (20e) of the armature coil integrally formed with the outer conductor and a radially inner end of the first armature coil holding portion . Third armature coil holding part (2
1b) and a fourth armature coil holding portion (21d) connected to a radially inner end of the second armature coil holding portion.
And an inner conductor (21e) of an armature coil in which the third armature coil holding portion (21b) and the fourth armature coil holding portion (21d) are integrally formed. After the insulator is inserted into the slot, the inner conductor (21e) of the armature coil and the outer conductor (20e) of the armature coil are housed, and the claw (13a) of the opening of the slot is closed. Commutator type rotating electric machine.