JPH07229831A - Method and apparatus for measuring orientation of fiber in paper - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for measuring orientation of fiber in paperInfo
- Publication number
- JPH07229831A JPH07229831A JP4769394A JP4769394A JPH07229831A JP H07229831 A JPH07229831 A JP H07229831A JP 4769394 A JP4769394 A JP 4769394A JP 4769394 A JP4769394 A JP 4769394A JP H07229831 A JPH07229831 A JP H07229831A
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- Prior art keywords
- light
- paper
- fiber orientation
- reflected
- paper surface
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】この発明は、抄紙工程中にある紙
の繊維配向特性を測定するのに適した繊維配向測定方法
及び繊維配向測定装置に関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a fiber orientation measuring method and a fiber orientation measuring apparatus suitable for measuring the fiber orientation characteristics of paper in a papermaking process.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】高品質な紙を製造するためには、製造さ
れた紙の紙質や繊維配向特性を測定する必要がある。従
来のこの種の繊維配向測定装置として、特開平４−５７
９８３号公報に記載された非接触式配向計や特開平４−
１１３２０５号公報に記載された繊維配向測定装置など
があり、これらの装置は紙面における光の入反射を利用
したものである。2. Description of the Related Art In order to produce high quality paper, it is necessary to measure the paper quality and fiber orientation characteristics of the produced paper. As a conventional fiber orientation measuring device of this type, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 4-57 is known.
A non-contact orientation meter described in Japanese Patent Publication No.
There is a fiber orientation measuring device described in Japanese Patent No. 113205 and the like, and these devices utilize the incident and reflection of light on the paper surface.
【０００３】しかしながらこれら従来の装置は、裁断さ
れた試料について繊維配向特性を測定するのに適してい
るが、抄紙工程における紙匹の繊維配向特性を測定する
のには不都合がある。このため、本願出願人は抄紙工程
中における紙匹についてオンラインで繊維配向特性を測
定することができるようにした繊維配向測定方法及び繊
維配向測定装置を既に提案した（特願平５−６２５８１
号）。However, although these conventional devices are suitable for measuring the fiber orientation property of a cut sample, they are inconvenient for measuring the fiber orientation property of a web in a papermaking process. Therefore, the applicant of the present application has already proposed a fiber orientation measuring method and a fiber orientation measuring apparatus capable of measuring the fiber orientation characteristics of a web in a papermaking process online (Japanese Patent Application No. 5-62581).
issue).
【０００４】この紙の繊維配向測定方法は、静止または
走行中の紙の紙面に対して垂直に無偏光を照射し、該紙
面の前記無偏光の入射側であって紙面に平行な面と入射
光軸との交点を中心とする該平行な面内の円周上の８ヵ
所以上において、ほぼ同時に該紙面によって反射した光
を捕捉し、該反射光の強度から繊維配向指数や繊維配向
角などの繊維配向特性を算出することを特徴としてお
り、この方法を実現した繊維配向測定装置は、静止また
は走行中の紙の紙面に対して垂直に無偏光を照射する投
光手段と、該紙面の前記無偏光の入射側であって紙面に
平行な面と入射光軸との交点を中心とする該平行な面内
の円周上に配設し、受光部が該紙面と入射光軸との交点
を臨んで該紙面によって反射した光を捕捉する８個以上
の受光手段と、前記それぞれの受光手段により測定され
た反射光強度が入力され、該入力信号を適宜に処理して
光強度情報を出力する光情報処理回路と、前記光情報処
理回路の出力信号から繊維配向指数や繊維配向角などを
算出する演算回路とを備えたことを特徴とするものであ
る。This method for measuring the fiber orientation of paper irradiates non-polarized light perpendicularly to the paper surface of a stationary or running paper, and enters the non-polarized light incident side of the paper surface which is parallel to the paper surface. At eight or more points on the circumference of the parallel plane centered on the intersection with the optical axis, the light reflected by the paper surface is captured almost at the same time, and the fiber orientation index, the fiber orientation angle, etc. are determined from the intensity of the reflected light. Is characterized by calculating the fiber orientation characteristics of, the fiber orientation measuring apparatus that realizes this method, a projection means for irradiating non-polarized light perpendicularly to the paper surface of a stationary or running paper, and The non-polarized incident side is disposed on the circumference of the plane parallel to the plane of the paper and the center of the intersection of the incident optical axis, and the light receiving portion is arranged between the plane of the paper and the incident optical axis. Eight or more light receiving means for catching the light reflected by the paper surface facing the intersection; The reflected light intensity measured by each light receiving means is input, the optical information processing circuit that appropriately processes the input signal and outputs the light intensity information, and the fiber orientation index from the output signal of the optical information processing circuit. And a calculation circuit for calculating the fiber orientation angle and the like.
【０００５】[0005]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】ところで、一般に、長
網式などの抄紙機で製造された紙について反射光の光強
度を測定すると図５に示すように周期πの周期関数とし
て表わされる。これは、本願出願人が先に提案した上述
の繊維配向測定装置によっても確認することができる。
すなわち、紙匹の繊維配向特性は光強度に関連している
から、周期πにおいて測定して得られた結果から紙匹の
繊維配向特性をほぼ確定することができる。By the way, generally, when the light intensity of reflected light is measured for paper manufactured by a Fourdrinier type paper machine, it is expressed as a periodic function of a period π as shown in FIG. This can also be confirmed by the above-described fiber orientation measuring device proposed by the applicant of the present application.
That is, since the fiber orientation property of the web is related to the light intensity, the fiber orientation property of the web can be almost determined from the result obtained by measuring in the period π.
【０００６】しかしながら、上述した従来の繊維配向測
定装置では、円周上の８ヵ所以上において紙面からの光
を捕捉するために８個以上の受光手段を必要としてい
る。したがって、繊維配向特性を評価するための繊維配
向指数や繊維配向角などの算出はこれら８ヵ所のそれぞ
れについて行なわれる。オンライン測定を行なってその
測定結果を抄紙機のワイヤパートなどへフィードバック
するためには、算出時間が短い方が迅速に紙質に反映す
ることができる。However, the above-described conventional fiber orientation measuring device requires eight or more light receiving means for capturing light from the paper surface at eight or more places on the circumference. Therefore, the fiber orientation index and the fiber orientation angle for evaluating the fiber orientation characteristics are calculated for each of these eight locations. In order to perform online measurement and feed back the measurement result to the wire part of the paper machine, the shorter the calculation time, the quicker it can be reflected in the paper quality.
【０００７】そこで、この発明は、測定位置の数を減じ
ることによって部品点数を減じて軽量化、小型化を図る
ことができるとともに、演算時間を短縮して測定結果を
迅速に反映することにより高品質な紙の製造に寄与する
紙の繊維配向測定方法及び繊維配向測定装置を提供する
ことを目的としている。Therefore, the present invention can reduce the number of parts by reducing the number of measurement positions to reduce the weight and size, and shorten the calculation time to quickly reflect the measurement result. An object of the present invention is to provide a fiber orientation measuring method and a fiber orientation measuring device for paper, which contribute to the production of high quality paper.
【０００８】[0008]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記の目的を達成するた
めの技術的手段として、この発明に係る紙の繊維配向測
定方法は、静止または走行中の紙の紙面に対して垂直に
無偏光を照射し、該紙面の前記無偏光の入射側であって
紙面に平行な面と入射光軸との交点を中心とする該平行
な面内の半円の円弧上の少なくとも４ヵ所であって、こ
れら４ヵ所のいずれもが 180°の位置関係でない位置に
おいてほぼ同時に該紙面によって反射した光を捕捉し、
該反射光の強度から繊維配向指数や繊維配向角などの繊
維配向特性を算出することを主たる特徴としている。As a technical means for achieving the above object, the method for measuring the fiber orientation of paper according to the present invention provides a non-polarized light perpendicular to the paper surface of a stationary or running paper. Irradiating, at least four places on the semicircular arc on the non-polarized incident side of the paper surface and in the parallel surface centered on the intersection of the surface parallel to the paper surface and the incident optical axis, The light reflected by the paper surface is captured almost simultaneously at a position where none of these four positions is 180 °.
The main feature is that fiber orientation characteristics such as a fiber orientation index and a fiber orientation angle are calculated from the intensity of the reflected light.
【０００９】そして、上記測定方法を抄紙機上で実施す
るために、抄紙機上を走行中の紙の紙面に対して垂直に
無偏光を照射し、該紙面の前記無偏光の入射側であって
紙面に平行な面と入射光軸との交点を中心とする該平行
な面内の半円の円弧上の少なくとも４ヵ所であって、こ
れら４ヵ所のいずれもが 180°の位置関係でない位置に
おいてほぼ同時に該紙面によって反射した光を捕捉し、
前記無偏光の照射位置を前記抄紙機のクロスマシン方向
に走査し、前記反射光の強度から繊維配向指数や繊維配
向角などの繊維配向特性を算出することを特徴としてい
る。In order to carry out the above measuring method on a paper machine, non-polarized light is radiated perpendicularly to the paper surface of the paper running on the paper machine, and the non-polarized light is incident on the paper surface. At least 4 points on the arc of a semi-circle within the parallel plane centered on the intersection of the plane parallel to the paper and the incident optical axis, and none of these 4 locations is 180 ° At about the same time, capture the light reflected by the paper,
The non-polarized irradiation position is scanned in the cross machine direction of the paper machine, and the fiber orientation characteristics such as the fiber orientation index and the fiber orientation angle are calculated from the intensity of the reflected light.
【００１０】また、静止した又は抄紙機上を走行中の紙
における繊維配向特性に関し、紙匹の表裏差を測定する
ために、紙のフェルト面およびワイヤー面のそれぞれに
対して垂直に無偏光を照射し、その反射光をそれぞれの
側で捕捉することを特徴としている。Further, regarding the fiber orientation characteristics in the paper which is stationary or is running on the paper machine, in order to measure the difference between the front and the back of the paper, non-polarized light is perpendicular to each of the felt surface and the wire surface of the paper. It is characterized by irradiating and capturing the reflected light on each side.
【００１１】また、必要とする測定精度と部品点数や部
品コストの関係から所望の仕様を選択できるように、測
定する反射光強度が、紙面により反射した光そのもの、
紙面により反射した光のうち入射光軸と反射光軸とを含
む面に対して平行方向に振動する偏光、あるいは垂直方
向に振動する偏光のいずれかに係るものであることを特
徴としている。Further, the reflected light intensity to be measured is the light itself reflected by the paper surface so that a desired specification can be selected from the relationship between the required measurement accuracy and the number of parts or the cost of parts.
It is characterized in that the light reflected by the paper surface is either polarized light vibrating in a direction parallel to a plane including an incident optical axis and a reflected optical axis or polarized light vibrating in a vertical direction.
【００１２】さらに、より正確な測定を行なうことがで
きるように、紙面によって反射した光の捕捉を、前記紙
面に平行な面と入射光軸との交点を中心とする前記半円
の円弧上であって、該半円をＮ等分した場合に、Ｎヵ所
において行なうことを特徴としている。Further, in order to perform more accurate measurement, the light reflected by the paper surface is captured on an arc of the semicircle whose center is the intersection of a plane parallel to the paper surface and the incident optical axis. If the semicircle is divided into N equal parts, the process is performed at N places.
【００１３】そして、この発明に係る紙の繊維配向測定
方法を実施するのに適した繊維配向測定装置としては、
静止または走行中の紙の紙面に対して垂直に無偏光を照
射する投光手段と、該紙面の前記無偏光の入射側であっ
て紙面に平行な面と入射光軸との交点を中心とする該平
行な面内の半円の円弧上にいずれもが 180°の位置関係
にない状態に配設し、受光部が該紙面と入射光軸との交
点を臨んで該紙面によって反射した光を捕捉する少なく
とも４個の受光手段と、前記それぞれの受光手段により
測定された反射光強度が入力され、該入力信号を適宜に
処理して光強度情報を出力する光情報処理回路と、前記
光情報処理回路の出力信号から繊維配向指数や繊維配向
角などを算出する演算回路とを備えたことを特徴として
いる。A fiber orientation measuring apparatus suitable for carrying out the paper fiber orientation measuring method according to the present invention is as follows:
A light projecting unit that irradiates non-polarized light perpendicularly to the paper surface of a stationary or running paper, and a center of an intersection of a plane parallel to the paper surface on the non-polarized light incident side of the paper surface. The light reflected by the plane of the paper, which is placed on the semicircular arcs in the parallel planes in a state where none of them are in a 180 ° positional relationship, and the light-receiving section faces the intersection of the plane of the plane of incidence and the incident optical axis. At least four light receiving means for capturing light, a light information processing circuit to which the reflected light intensities measured by the respective light receiving means are input, and which appropriately processes the input signal to output light intensity information; It is characterized by including an arithmetic circuit for calculating a fiber orientation index, a fiber orientation angle and the like from an output signal of the information processing circuit.
【００１４】そして、この装置を抄紙機に実装するのに
適したものとして、抄紙機上を走行中の紙の紙面に対し
て垂直に無偏光を照射する投光手段と、該紙面の前記無
偏光の入射側であって紙面に平行な面と入射光軸との交
点を中心とする該平行な面内の半円の円弧上にいずれも
が 180°の位置関係にない状態に配設し、受光部が該紙
面と入射光軸との交点を臨んで該紙面によって反射した
光を捕捉する少なくとも４個の受光手段と、前記それぞ
れの受光手段により測定された反射光強度が入力され、
該入力信号を適宜に処理して光強度情報を出力する光情
報処理回路と、前記光情報処理回路の出力信号から繊維
配向指数や繊維配向角などを算出する演算回路とからな
り、前記投光手段と受光手段とを前記抄紙機のクロスマ
シン方向に走査させることを特徴としている。Then, as a device suitable for mounting this apparatus on a paper machine, a light projecting means for irradiating non-polarized light perpendicularly to the paper surface of the paper running on the paper machine, Arranged in a state in which none of them are in a 180 ° positional relationship on the arc of a semi-circle in the plane of incidence of polarized light and the plane parallel to the plane of the paper and the incident optical axis. , At least four light receiving means for capturing the light reflected by the paper surface with the light receiving portion facing the intersection of the paper surface and the incident optical axis, and the reflected light intensity measured by each of the light receiving means are input,
An optical information processing circuit that appropriately processes the input signal and outputs light intensity information, and an arithmetic circuit that calculates a fiber orientation index, a fiber orientation angle, or the like from the output signal of the optical information processing circuit. It is characterized in that the means and the light receiving means are scanned in the cross machine direction of the paper machine.
【００１５】また、静止した又は抄紙機上を走行中の紙
における繊維配向特性に関し、紙匹の表裏差を測定する
のに適した装置とし、前記紙面をフェルト面およびワイ
ヤー面とし、それぞれの面を照射する前記投光手段とそ
の反射光をそれぞれの側で捕捉する前記受光手段とを備
えていることを特徴としている。Further, regarding the fiber orientation characteristics of the paper which is stationary or is running on the paper machine, a device suitable for measuring the difference between the front and the back of the web is used, and the paper surface is the felt surface and the wire surface, and It is characterized in that it is provided with the light projecting means for irradiating the light and the light receiving means for capturing the reflected light on each side.
【００１６】また、必要とする測定精度と部品点数や部
品コストの関係から所望の仕様を選択できるように、前
記受光手段が、偏光子を備えていないこと、反射光から
入射光軸と反射光軸とを含む面に対して平行方向または
垂直方向のいずれか一方に振動する偏光を分離する偏光
子を備えたことを特徴としている。Further, in order to select a desired specification from the relationship between the required measurement accuracy, the number of parts and the cost of parts, the light receiving means is not provided with a polarizer, and the incident light axis and the reflected light are changed from the reflected light. It is characterized by including a polarizer for separating polarized light vibrating in either a parallel direction or a vertical direction with respect to a plane including the axis.
【００１７】また、より正確な測定を行なう装置とする
ために、Ｍ個の受光手段を配設する場合に、前記紙面に
平行な面と入射光軸との交点を中心とする前記半円をＭ
等分したことを特徴としている。Further, in order to provide a device for performing more accurate measurement, when M light receiving means are provided, the semicircle centered at the intersection of the plane parallel to the paper surface and the incident optical axis. M
It is characterized by being divided into equal parts.
【００１８】さらに、抄紙機上の紙匹について測定を行
なう場合に適するよう、該抄紙機に臨んで配設する部分
の部品点数を減じて小型軽量化するため、前記紙面に対
して垂直に無偏光を照射する投光部と、該紙面によって
反射した光を捕捉する受光部とのいずれか一方または双
方を光ファイバの端部によって構成し、該投光部と投光
手段または受光部と受光手段とを上記光ファイバで接続
したことを特徴としている。なお、受光手段に光ファイ
バを用いる場合には該光ファイバの長さをそれぞれの受
光手段についてほぼ等しくして、該光ファイバを透過し
た反射光が受光素子にほぼ同時に捕捉されるようにす
る。Further, in order to reduce the size and weight by reducing the number of parts of the portion facing the paper machine so as to be suitable for the measurement on the paper web on the paper machine, there is no vertical direction to the paper surface. Either or both of a light projecting unit that irradiates polarized light and a light receiving unit that captures light reflected by the paper surface are configured by an end of an optical fiber, and the light projecting unit and the light projecting unit or the light receiving unit and the light receiving unit It is characterized in that it is connected to the means by the optical fiber. When an optical fiber is used as the light receiving means, the lengths of the optical fibers are made substantially equal to each other so that the reflected light transmitted through the optical fiber is captured by the light receiving element almost at the same time.
【００１９】[0019]
【作用】前記投光手段により無偏光を紙面に対して垂直
方向から照射し、その反射光を紙面の無偏光の入射側で
あって紙面に平行な面と入射光軸との交点を中心とする
平行な面内の半円の円弧上に配設した複数個の受光手段
によって捕捉する場合、全ての受光手段に関して入射光
軸と反射光軸のなす角度が等しくなる。したがって、そ
れぞれの受光手段で捕捉された反射光強度のバラツキ
は、紙面の配向特性に応じた１周期分の傾向を示すこと
になる。このため、この反射光強度のバラツキから繊維
配向指数や繊維配向角などの配向特性が求められる。The non-polarized light is emitted from the light projecting means in a direction perpendicular to the paper surface, and the reflected light is centered on the intersection of the non-polarized light incident side of the paper surface and the plane parallel to the paper surface and the incident optical axis. In the case of capturing by a plurality of light receiving means arranged on semicircular arcs in parallel planes, the angles formed by the incident optical axis and the reflected optical axis are the same for all the light receiving means. Therefore, the variation in the intensity of the reflected light captured by each light receiving means has a tendency for one cycle according to the orientation property of the paper surface. Therefore, the orientation characteristics such as the fiber orientation index and the fiber orientation angle are required from the variations in the reflected light intensity.
【００２０】また、測定のための光学系に回転する部材
を備えていないから、複雑な構造とならないとともに、
複数の受光手段によってほぼ同時に反射光を捕捉でき、
紙面の同一の部分における測定を短時間で行なえる。こ
のため、抄紙機に実装することが容易であるとともに、
高速走行中の紙匹の繊維配向特性を測定できる。Further, since the optical system for measurement does not have a rotating member, it does not have a complicated structure and
The reflected light can be captured almost simultaneously by multiple light receiving means,
The measurement on the same part of the paper can be performed in a short time. Therefore, it is easy to mount on a paper machine and
It is possible to measure the fiber orientation characteristics of a web running at high speed.
【００２１】[0021]
【実施例】以下、図示した実施例に基づいて、この発明
に係る紙の繊維配向測定方法及び繊維配向測定装置を具
体的に説明する。The paper fiber orientation measuring method and the fiber orientation measuring apparatus according to the present invention will be specifically described below with reference to the illustrated embodiments.
【００２２】図２はこの繊維配向測定装置の概略を示す
側面図で図１におけるＡ−Ａ矢視図であり、繊維配向特
性を測定すべき紙１の紙面1aの上方に投光手段10が配設
されている。この投光手段10は半導体レーザー11とレン
ズ12、偏光子13、１／４波長板14とによって構成されて
おり、半導体レーザー11により発せられたレーザー光を
レンズ12、偏光子13、１／４波長板14を透過させて、円
偏光Ｌｉが得られるようにしてある。円偏光は、偏光方
向が回転しながら進行する光であり、偏光特性をもたな
い無偏光と異なるが、偏光方向の回転周期が10-15 秒程
度と極度に短いため、無偏光とみなすことができる。も
ちろん、無偏光を発するハロゲンランプ等と無偏光を平
行光にするレンズ系を備えた投光手段を用いてもよい。
そして、投光手段10はこの円偏光Ｌｉを紙面1aに垂直方
向から照射する位置に配設されている。FIG. 2 is a side view showing the outline of this fiber orientation measuring apparatus and is a view taken along the line A--A in FIG. 1. The light projecting means 10 is provided above the paper surface 1a of the paper 1 whose fiber orientation characteristics are to be measured. It is arranged. The light projecting means 10 is composed of a semiconductor laser 11, a lens 12, a polarizer 13 and a quarter-wave plate 14. The laser light emitted by the semiconductor laser 11 is used as a lens 12, a polarizer 13 and a quarter. Circularly polarized light Li is obtained by transmitting the wave plate 14. Circularly polarized light is light that travels while the polarization direction rotates, and is different from non-polarized light that does not have polarization characteristics.However, since the rotation cycle of the polarization direction is extremely short, about 10-15 seconds, it should be regarded as non-polarized light. You can Of course, it is also possible to use a light projecting means provided with a halogen lamp or the like that emits non-polarized light and a lens system that converts non-polarized light into parallel light.
Then, the light projecting means 10 is arranged at a position for irradiating the paper surface 1a with the circularly polarized light Li in a direction perpendicular to the paper surface 1a.
【００２３】他方、受光手段20は、それぞれ偏光子21と
光の強度を電気信号に変換する受光素子22とから構成さ
れており、本実施例では４個の受光手段20a〜20dを備
え、それぞれに偏光子21a〜21dと受光素子22a〜22dとを
備えている。これら受光手段20は、図１及び図２に示す
ように、紙面1aに平行な面と前記円偏光Ｌｉの入射光軸
との交点を中心として、該平行な面内に形成された半円
の円弧上に配設されている。また、受光手段20の配設位
置は、図１に示すように上記半円をほぼ４等分に分割す
る状態であって、いずれもが 180°の位置関係にないよ
うに配設されている。しかも、これら受光手段20a〜20d
は、その受光部が上記円偏光Ｌｉの入射光軸と紙面1aと
の交点を臨んだ状態に配設されている。したがって、前
記投光手段10から発せられたレーザー光は紙面1aで反射
して、その反射光Ｌｒは受光手段20a〜20dによって捕捉
されることになる。On the other hand, the light receiving means 20 comprises a polarizer 21 and a light receiving element 22 for converting the intensity of light into an electric signal. In this embodiment, four light receiving means 20a to 20d are provided. And polarizers 21a to 21d and light receiving elements 22a to 22d. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, these light receiving means 20 have a semi-circular shape formed in a plane parallel to the paper surface 1a and an intersection of the incident optical axis of the circularly polarized light Li as a center. It is arranged on an arc. As shown in FIG. 1, the light receiving means 20 is arranged so that the semicircle is divided into four equal parts, and none of them is in a 180 ° positional relationship. . Moreover, these light receiving means 20a to 20d
Is arranged such that its light receiving portion faces the intersection of the incident optical axis of the circularly polarized light Li and the paper surface 1a. Therefore, the laser light emitted from the light projecting means 10 is reflected by the paper surface 1a, and the reflected light Lr is captured by the light receiving means 20a to 20d.
【００２４】この実施例では４個の受光手段20を備えた
構成について説明したが、４個以上備えさせても構わな
い。なお、少なくとも４個の受光手段20を備えさせるこ
とにより実測上ほぼ満足する精度で繊維配向の測定を行
なうことができる。ただし、受光手段20の設置数を多く
することにより測定精度を向上させることができるか
ら、製造すべき紙に要求させる品質に応じて該受光手段
20の設置数を増減すればよい。また、本実施例では４個
の受光手段20を備えさせたため、半円を４等分する位置
に配設するものとしたが、４個以上例えばＭ個の受光手
段20を備えさせる場合には、該半円をＭ等分に分割する
位置に設置する。In this embodiment, the structure provided with four light receiving means 20 has been described, but four or more light receiving means 20 may be provided. By providing at least four light receiving means 20, the fiber orientation can be measured with an accuracy that is substantially satisfactory in actual measurement. However, since the measurement accuracy can be improved by increasing the number of the light receiving means 20 installed, the light receiving means can be provided according to the quality required for the paper to be manufactured.
You can increase or decrease the number of 20 installations. Further, in the present embodiment, since four light receiving means 20 are provided, the semicircle is arranged at a position equally divided into four, but when four or more, for example, M light receiving means 20 are provided. , The semicircle is divided into M equal parts.
【００２５】受光手段20a〜20dによって捕捉された反射
光Ｌｒは上記偏光子21a〜21dを透過することによって所
定の偏光に分離されたのち上記受光素子22a〜22dに入射
する。このとき、円偏光Ｌｉと反射光Ｌｒとのなす入反
射光角度θｒは、０°＜θｒ＜９０°の範囲となるが、
繊維配向を算出するためには繊維配向を反映した光の反
射率が高い方が望ましく、そのためには入反射角度θｒ
を大きくすることが望ましく、50°以上かさらに望まし
くは70°以上とすることが望ましい。ただし、紙質によ
っては入反射角度θｒが50°以下であっても構わない。The reflected light Lr captured by the light receiving means 20a to 20d is transmitted through the polarizers 21a to 21d to be separated into a predetermined polarized light, and then enters the light receiving elements 22a to 22d. At this time, the incident / reflected light angle θr formed by the circularly polarized light Li and the reflected light Lr is in the range of 0 ° <θr <90 °,
In order to calculate the fiber orientation, it is desirable that the reflectance of light reflecting the fiber orientation is high.
Is preferably set to be 50 ° or more, and more preferably 70 ° or more. However, the incident / reflection angle θr may be 50 ° or less depending on the paper quality.
【００２６】また、受光手段20a〜20dは上記半円の円弧
上で局所的に密集して配設されると、紙面1aの偏った方
向に対するデータが採取されることになり、正確な繊維
配向特性を取得することができなくなってしまう。した
がって、受光手段20a〜20dは上述したように、上記半円
の円弧をほぼ４等分に分割する位置に配設することが望
ましい。なお、抄紙機上の紙匹について配向特性を測定
する場合のように、紙匹の繊維配向がほぼ抄紙機のマシ
ン方向など一定の方向に沿っていると推測できるような
場合には、反射光Ｌｒを捕捉しやすい位置に密集させて
受光手段20を配設しても差し支えない。Further, if the light receiving means 20a to 20d are locally arranged densely on the arc of the semicircle, the data for the biased direction of the paper surface 1a is collected, and the accurate fiber orientation is obtained. You will not be able to get the characteristics. Therefore, as described above, it is desirable that the light receiving means 20a to 20d be arranged at positions where the arc of the semicircle is divided into approximately four equal parts. If the fiber orientation of the web can be estimated to be along a certain direction, such as the machine direction of the paper machine, as in the case of measuring the orientation properties of the web on the paper machine, the reflected light There is no problem even if the light receiving means 20 are arranged so as to be densely packed in a position where Lr can be easily captured.
【００２７】また、例えば受光手段20aと受光手段20dと
が 180°の位置関係にある場合には１周期ずれている位
置における測定を行なうことになるから、測定データが
同じ方向に対して得られ、無駄なデータを採取すること
になってしまう。したがって、それぞれの受光手段20は
180°の位置関係にないように設置する。すなわち、図
１に示す実施例では、受光手段20a〜20dのそれぞれによ
って、これらが配設された位置と、それぞれの受光手段
20a〜20dと 180°ずれた位置における光強度が採取され
ることになる。また、本実施例における受光手段20a の
測定位置を０°とすれば、受光手段20b 〜20d はそれぞ
れ45°、90°、 135°の測定位置となり、図５において
これら受光手段20a〜20dはそれぞれ、ａ0、ｂ0、ｃ0、
ｄ0のデータを採取することになり、これらのデータを
１周期ずらせば、ａ1 、ｂ1 、ｃ1、ｄ1 のデータを得
ることができる。Further, for example, when the light receiving means 20a and the light receiving means 20d are in a positional relationship of 180 °, the measurement is carried out at a position deviated by one cycle, so that the measurement data can be obtained in the same direction. However, useless data will be collected. Therefore, each light receiving means 20
Install so that there is no 180 ° positional relationship. That is, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, each of the light receiving means 20a to 20d has a position where these light receiving means are arranged, and the respective light receiving means.
The light intensity will be sampled at the positions shifted by 20 ° from 20a to 20d. Further, if the measurement position of the light receiving means 20a in this embodiment is 0 °, the light receiving means 20b to 20d become the measurement positions of 45 °, 90 ° and 135 °, respectively, and these light receiving means 20a to 20d are respectively shown in FIG. , A 0 , b 0 , c 0 ,
The data of d 0 will be collected, and if these data are shifted by one cycle, the data of a 1 , b 1 , c 1 , d 1 can be obtained.
【００２８】さらに、受光手段20a〜20dの上記偏光子21
a〜21dは、反射光Ｌｒから入射光軸Ｌｉと反射光軸Ｌｒ
とを含む面に対して垂直方向に振動する偏光を分離する
ものとしてあるか、あるいは入射光軸Ｌｉと反射光軸Ｌ
ｒとを含む面に対して平行方向に振動する偏光を分離す
るものとしてある。したがって、配設された偏光子21a
〜21dに応じて前記受光素子22a〜22dでは、垂直方向に
振動する偏光、あるいは平行方向に振動する偏光のいず
れかのみが捕捉される。なお、これら偏光子21a〜21dを
用いずに上記偏光を分離することなく、反射光Ｌｒを受
光素子22a〜22dで捕捉するようにしたものであっても構
わない。ただし、繊維配向を反映した光の反射率が最も
高くなるのは、入射光軸Ｌｉと反射光軸Ｌｒとを含む面
に対して垂直方向に振動する偏光であるから、該偏光を
分離する偏光子21a〜21dを用いて反射光Ｌｒの強度を測
定すれば、採取されたデータ間の偏差が大きくなりデー
タ処理を行なう上で簡便となり望ましい。Further, the polarizer 21 of the light receiving means 20a to 20d is used.
a to 21d are the incident light axis Li and the reflected light axis Lr from the reflected light Lr.
The polarized light oscillating in the direction perpendicular to the plane including and is separated, or the incident optical axis Li and the reflected optical axis L are separated.
The polarized light vibrating in a direction parallel to the plane including r is separated. Therefore, the disposed polarizer 21a
.. 21d, the light receiving elements 22a to 22d capture only polarized light vibrating in the vertical direction or polarized light vibrating in the parallel direction. The reflected light Lr may be captured by the light receiving elements 22a to 22d without using the polarizers 21a to 21d and separating the polarized light. However, it is the polarized light that vibrates in the direction perpendicular to the plane including the incident optical axis Li and the reflected optical axis Lr that has the highest reflectance of the light that reflects the fiber orientation, and thus the polarized light that separates the polarized light If the intensity of the reflected light Lr is measured using the children 21a to 21d, the deviation between the collected data becomes large, which is convenient and desirable for data processing.
【００２９】そして、図３に示すように、受光素子22a
〜22dの出力端子は光情報処理回路31の入力端子31a〜31
dに接続されており、該受光素子22a〜22dで捕捉された
反射光Ｌｒの強度が電気信号に変換されて該光情報処理
回路31に入力される。この光情報処理回路31では入力さ
れた光強度信号を適宜に信号処理して、それぞれの受光
素子22a〜22dで捕捉された反射光Ｌｒの強度Ｆと、当該
受光素子22a〜22dの前記入射光軸Ｌｉを中心とした円周
上における配設角度θとを含む光情報信号として出力す
る。光情報処理回路31の出力側には演算回路32が接続さ
れており、該演算回路32では、入力された光情報信号
を、Then, as shown in FIG. 3, the light receiving element 22a
Output terminals of ~ 22d are input terminals 31a to 31 of the optical information processing circuit 31.
The intensity of the reflected light Lr, which is connected to the light receiving elements 22a to 22d, is converted into an electric signal and input to the optical information processing circuit 31. In the optical information processing circuit 31, the input light intensity signal is appropriately subjected to signal processing, and the intensity F of the reflected light Lr captured by each of the light receiving elements 22a to 22d and the incident light of the light receiving elements 22a to 22d. It is output as an optical information signal including the arrangement angle θ on the circumference centered on the axis Li. An arithmetic circuit 32 is connected to the output side of the optical information processing circuit 31, and in the arithmetic circuit 32, the input optical information signal is
【数１】Ｆ(θ) ＝ Ｃ（１＋ηＣＯＳ２（θ−α）） に適用して、紙面1aの繊維配向の強さを表わす配向指数
ηと、紙面1aの繊維配向の方向を表わす配向角αを算出
する。なお、数１において、Ｆは光強度、θは受光手段
20a〜20dの配設角度、Ｃは反射光強度の平均値をそれぞ
れ表わす。また、数１はフーリエ級数の一部であり、取
得データから紙の繊維配向を近似して計算する周期関数
として知られているものであるが、この演算式の他に、
フォン・マイス（Ｖｏｎ Ｍｉｓｅｓ）関数や楕円関数
などを用いることもできる。## EQU1 ## By applying F (θ) = C (1 + ηCOS2 (θ-α)), the orientation index η representing the strength of the fiber orientation of the paper surface 1a and the orientation angle α representing the direction of the fiber orientation of the paper surface 1a. To calculate. In Formula 1, F is the light intensity and θ is the light receiving means.
The arrangement angles of 20a to 20d and C represent the average value of the reflected light intensity. Also, Equation 1 is a part of the Fourier series, and is known as a periodic function that approximates and calculates the fiber orientation of paper from the acquired data.
It is also possible to use a Von Mises function, an elliptic function, or the like.
【００３０】上記演算回路32で算出された配向指数ηと
配向角αなどは、該演算回路32に接続されたＣＲＴ表示
装置などの表示手段33で表示されたり、また該演算回路
32に接続されたプリンタやプロッタなどによって印刷さ
れる。The orientation index η and the orientation angle α calculated by the arithmetic circuit 32 are displayed on the display means 33 such as a CRT display device connected to the arithmetic circuit 32, or the arithmetic circuit 32 is used.
Printed by a printer or plotter connected to the 32.
【００３１】そして、以上により構成した紙の繊維配向
測定装置を用いて、１枚の小判に裁断された試料（紙）
の配向特性を測定する場合には、この装置を固定した状
態にして試料を止着した試料台を所定の方向に移動させ
るか、逆に試料台を固定してこの装置を移動させながら
データを取得すれば、試料の２次元的な繊維配向分布を
測定できる。また、試料の表裏について測定を行なえ
ば、試料のワイヤー面とフェルト面についての繊維配向
分布を測定でき、試料の表裏差に関する繊維配向分布を
測定できる。A sample (paper) cut into one oval sheet using the paper fiber orientation measuring device constructed as described above
When measuring the orientation characteristics of the sample, move the sample table with the sample fixed to it in the specified direction with this device fixed, or conversely, fix the sample table and move the device to collect data. If acquired, the two-dimensional fiber orientation distribution of the sample can be measured. Moreover, if the front and back of the sample are measured, the fiber orientation distribution on the wire surface and the felt surface of the sample can be measured, and the fiber orientation distribution related to the difference between the front and back of the sample can be measured.
【００３２】また、抄紙工程中の紙匹の繊維配向特性を
測定する場合には、抄紙機の幅方向の両側に支柱を設
け、この支柱にガイドレールを掛け渡し、この繊維配向
測定装置を該ガイドレールに案内させて移動自在となる
よう支持させて、抄紙機上に設置すればよい。そして、
この繊維配向測定装置をガイドレールに沿ってクロスマ
シン方向に走査させれば、マシン方向及びクロスマシン
方向に対する紙匹の繊維配向特性を測定することができ
る。さらに、抄紙工程中の紙匹のワイヤー面側とフェル
ト面側とにこの装置を設置して、クロスマシン方向に走
査させれば、マシン方向及びクロスマシン方向における
繊維配向特性の表裏差を測定できる。なお、走査させな
い場合には、紙匹のマシン方向に対する繊維配向特性を
測定することができる。When measuring the fiber orientation characteristics of the web during the paper making process, columns are provided on both sides in the width direction of the paper machine, and guide rails are laid over the columns to measure the fiber orientation measuring device. It may be installed on the paper machine while being guided by a guide rail and supported so as to be movable. And
By scanning this fiber orientation measuring device along the guide rails in the cross machine direction, the fiber orientation characteristics of the web relative to the machine direction and the cross machine direction can be measured. Furthermore, by installing this device on the wire side and the felt side of the web during the papermaking process, and scanning in the cross machine direction, it is possible to measure the difference between the front and back of the fiber orientation characteristics in the machine direction and the cross machine direction. . In addition, when not scanning, the fiber orientation property with respect to the machine direction of the web can be measured.
【００３３】図４はこの装置の他の実施例を示すもの
で、図２に相当する概略側面図であり、図１〜図３に示
した実施例と同一の部分は同一の符号を付して説明を省
略する。前記受光手段20が配設されている位置には、受
光部として偏光子21と反射光入力部41が配設されてい
る。これら反射光入力部41には光ファイバ42がそれぞれ
接続されており、これら光ファイバ42の出力側には受光
素子（図示せず）が接続され、光ファイバ42を透過した
光が該受光素子に入射するようにしてある。さらに、こ
れら光ファイバ42の長さをそれぞれほぼ等しくして、紙
面1aで反射し上記反射光入力部41により捕捉された反射
光がそれぞれの受光素子にほぼ同時に入射するようにし
てある。FIG. 4 shows another embodiment of this apparatus, and is a schematic side view corresponding to FIG. 2. The same parts as those of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 are designated by the same reference numerals. And the description is omitted. At the position where the light receiving means 20 is provided, a polarizer 21 and a reflected light input section 41 are provided as a light receiving section. An optical fiber 42 is connected to each of the reflected light input sections 41, a light receiving element (not shown) is connected to the output side of the optical fiber 42, and the light transmitted through the optical fiber 42 is connected to the light receiving element. It is incident. Further, the lengths of the optical fibers 42 are made substantially equal to each other so that the reflected lights reflected by the paper surface 1a and captured by the reflected light input section 41 are incident on the respective light receiving elements substantially at the same time.
【００３４】したがって、紙面1aで反射した反射光は偏
光子21を透過し、入射光軸Ｌｉと反射光軸Ｌｒとを含む
面に対して垂直方向に振動する偏光または平行方向に振
動する偏光に分離されて反射光入射部41に入射される。
そして、光ファイバ42を透過してそれぞれの受光素子に
ほぼ同時に入射され光電変換され、前述のものと同様に
光情報処理回路31に入力され、演算回路32により配向指
数ηと配向角αとが算出される。Therefore, the reflected light reflected by the paper surface 1a passes through the polarizer 21 and becomes a polarized light which oscillates in a direction perpendicular to the plane containing the incident optical axis Li and the reflected optical axis Lr or in a parallel direction. The separated light is incident on the reflected light incident part 41.
Then, the light is transmitted through the optical fiber 42 and is incident on the respective light receiving elements substantially at the same time to be photoelectrically converted, and is input to the optical information processing circuit 31 in the same manner as described above, and the orientation index η and the orientation angle α are calculated by the arithmetic circuit 32. It is calculated.
【００３５】また、図５に示す実施例では、反射光入力
部41に光ファイバ42を接続し、該光ファイバ42の出力部
43を偏光子21に臨ませ、該偏光子21を透過した直線偏光
が受光素子22に入射するようにしてある。なお、図５も
図２に相当する概略側面図であり、図１〜図３に示した
実施例と同一の部分は同一の符号を付して説明を省略す
る。この構造によるものでは、紙面1aで反射した光の偏
光特性が出力部43まで保存される必要があるから、光フ
ァイバ42には単一偏波面保存モードのものが用いられて
いる。Further, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, an optical fiber 42 is connected to the reflected light input section 41, and the output section of the optical fiber 42 is connected.
43 is made to face the polarizer 21, and the linearly polarized light transmitted through the polarizer 21 is made incident on the light receiving element 22. 5 is also a schematic side view corresponding to FIG. 2, and the same parts as those of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 are designated by the same reference numerals and the description thereof will be omitted. With this structure, since the polarization characteristics of the light reflected on the paper surface 1a need to be preserved up to the output section 43, the optical fiber 42 of the single polarization plane preservation mode is used.
【００３６】したがって、紙面1aで反射した反射光は反
射光入力部41から入射し、光ファイバ42内を、偏光特性
が保持された状態で透過する。そして、出力部43から射
出した反射光は偏光子21を透過することによって入射光
軸Ｌｉと反射光軸Ｌｒとを含む面に対して垂直方向に振
動する偏光または平行方向に振動する偏光に分離され、
該分離された偏光が受光素子22で捕捉される。次いで、
受光素子22で光電変換されて、前述と同様に光情報処理
回路31に入力され、演算回路32により配向指数ηと配向
角αとが算出される。Therefore, the reflected light reflected by the paper surface 1a enters from the reflected light input section 41 and is transmitted through the optical fiber 42 while maintaining the polarization characteristics. Then, the reflected light emitted from the output unit 43 is transmitted through the polarizer 21 to be separated into polarized light vibrating in the direction perpendicular to the plane including the incident optical axis Li and the reflected optical axis Lr or polarized light vibrating in the parallel direction. Is
The separated polarized light is captured by the light receiving element 22. Then
It is photoelectrically converted by the light receiving element 22 and input to the optical information processing circuit 31 as described above, and the arithmetic circuit 32 calculates the orientation index η and the orientation angle α.
【００３７】この光ファイバ42を用いた構成とするもの
では、当該繊維配向測定装置の紙１の近傍に設置される
部分には該光ファイバ42の入力端が配されるだけである
から、当該部分の小型化、軽量化が図られる。このた
め、クロスマシン方向に走査してオンライン測定を行な
う場合に、当該部分を設置するスペースを小さくした
り、装置をクロスマシン方向に駆動する動力を小さくす
ることができる。In the structure using the optical fiber 42, since the input end of the optical fiber 42 is arranged only in the portion of the fiber orientation measuring apparatus installed near the paper 1. The size and weight of the part can be reduced. Therefore, when performing the online measurement by scanning in the cross machine direction, it is possible to reduce the space for installing the relevant portion and reduce the power for driving the device in the cross machine direction.
【００３８】なお、これらの実施例には受光手段20に光
ファイバを用いた構成について説明したが、投光手段10
に光ファイバを用いる構成、あるいは投光手段10と受光
手段20のいずれにも光ファイバを用いる構成とすること
もでき、上記部分の小型化、軽量化をさらに図ることが
できる。In these embodiments, the optical receiver is used as the light receiving means 20, but the light emitting means 10 is used.
An optical fiber may be used for the above, or an optical fiber may be used for both the light projecting means 10 and the light receiving means 20, and the size and weight of the above portion can be further reduced.
【００３９】[0039]
【発明の効果】以上説明したように、この発明に係る紙
の繊維配向測定方法及び繊維配向測定装置によれば、入
射光を無偏光とし、紙面による反射光を複数個の受光手
段によってほぼ同時に捕捉して繊維配向特性を測定する
ようにしたから、光学系に回転体を必要とせず、極めて
短時間で測定を行なうことができる。また、回転体を必
要としない構造であるから、複雑な構造とならずに小型
化を図ることができる。しかも、紙に接触せず、かつ紙
を破壊することなく測定できる。As described above, according to the fiber orientation measuring method and the fiber orientation measuring apparatus of the present invention, the incident light is made non-polarized, and the light reflected by the paper surface is substantially simultaneously transmitted by the plurality of light receiving means. Since the fiber orientation characteristics are captured and measured, the optical system does not require a rotating body, and the measurement can be performed in an extremely short time. Further, since the structure does not require a rotating body, it is possible to achieve miniaturization without a complicated structure. Moreover, the measurement can be performed without touching the paper and without breaking the paper.
【００４０】また、受光手段は１周期についてのみ測定
できるように、測定すべき紙面に平行な面内の半円の円
弧上に配設するようにしたから、受光手段を円周にわた
って配設した構造に較べて半分の個数を設置すればよ
く、装置の小型化や軽量化を図り、コストを削減でき
る。Further, since the light receiving means is arranged on a semicircular arc in a plane parallel to the paper surface to be measured so that the light receiving means can measure only one period, the light receiving means is arranged over the circumference. It is sufficient to install half the number of devices compared to the structure, which makes it possible to reduce the size and weight of the device and reduce the cost.
【００４１】さらに、測定時間を極めて短くできるか
ら、高速で走行する紙の繊維配向特性を容易にほぼ正確
に測定できる。このため、抄紙機上に設置してオンライ
ンで測定を行なうことができるとともに、抄紙機上の紙
匹の表裏に対向して設置すれば、容易に紙匹のワイヤー
面側とフェルト面側の繊維配向特性の測定と比較を行な
うことができる。したがって、測定結果を抄紙機の運転
状況に迅速にフィードバックでき、製造される紙の品質
の向上を図ることができる。Furthermore, since the measurement time can be extremely shortened, the fiber orientation characteristics of paper running at high speed can be easily and almost accurately measured. For this reason, it is possible to install it on the paper machine and perform online measurement, and if it is installed facing the front and back sides of the web on the paper machine, the fibers on the wire side and felt side of the web can be easily installed. Alignment properties can be measured and compared. Therefore, the measurement result can be promptly fed back to the operating condition of the paper machine, and the quality of the manufactured paper can be improved.
【００４２】加えて、オフラインの測定において、１枚
の試料の所望の方向について繊維配向分布を測定でき、
試料のフェルト面とワイヤー面について測定を行えば、
試料の表裏差に関する繊維配向分布を測定でき、これら
は品質調査に大いに利用できる。In addition, in the off-line measurement, the fiber orientation distribution can be measured in a desired direction of one sample,
If you measure the felt side and the wire side of the sample,
The fiber orientation distribution with respect to the difference between the front and back of the sample can be measured, and these can be greatly used for quality inspection.
【図１】この発明に係る繊維配向測定装置の測定部の概
略の構造を示す平面図である。FIG. 1 is a plan view showing a schematic structure of a measuring section of a fiber orientation measuring apparatus according to the present invention.
【図２】この発明に係る紙の繊維配向測定装置の測定部
の概略の構造を示す側面図で、図１におけるＡ−Ａ矢視
図である。FIG. 2 is a side view showing a schematic structure of a measuring section of the paper fiber orientation measuring apparatus according to the present invention, and is a view taken along the line AA in FIG.
【図３】この発明に係る繊維配向測定装置の光情報信号
を演算処理する構成を示す概略の回路ブロック図であ
る。FIG. 3 is a schematic circuit block diagram showing a configuration for arithmetically processing an optical information signal of the fiber orientation measuring apparatus according to the present invention.
【図４】この発明に係る繊維配向測定装置の他の実施例
を説明するための図で、図２に相当する側面図である。FIG. 4 is a view for explaining another embodiment of the fiber orientation measuring apparatus according to the present invention, and is a side view corresponding to FIG.
【図５】この発明に係る繊維配向測定装置の別の実施例
を説明するための図で、図２に相当する側面図である。5 is a view for explaining another embodiment of the fiber orientation measuring apparatus according to the present invention, and is a side view corresponding to FIG.
【図６】一般的な紙の表面における光強度の特性を説明
するためのグラフである。FIG. 6 is a graph for explaining characteristics of light intensity on the surface of general paper.
１ 紙 1a 紙面 10 投光手段 11 半導体レーザー 12 レンズ 13 偏光子 14 １／４波長板 20a〜20d 受光手段 21a〜21d 偏光子 22a〜22d 受光素子 31 光情報処理回路 32 演算回路 33 表示手段 41 反射光入力部 42 光ファイバ 43 出力部 Ｌｉ 入射光 Ｌｒ 反射光 θｒ 入反射光角度 1 Paper 1a Paper surface 10 Light emitting means 11 Semiconductor laser 12 Lens 13 Polarizer 14 1/4 wave plate 20a to 20d Light receiving means 21a to 21d Polarizer 22a to 22d Light receiving element 31 Optical information processing circuit 32 Computing circuit 33 Display means 41 Reflection Optical input part 42 Optical fiber 43 Output part Li Incident light Lr Reflected light θr Incident reflected light angle
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 畑野 昭夫 東京都北区王子５丁目21番１号 日本製紙 株式会社中央研究所内 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (72) Inventor Akio Hatano 5-21-1 Oji, Kita-ku, Tokyo Inside Central Research Institute, Nippon Paper Industries Co., Ltd.
Claims (11)
直に無偏光を照射し、 該紙面の前記無偏光の入射側であって紙面に平行な面と
入射光軸との交点を中心とする該平行な面内の半円の円
弧上の少なくとも４ヵ所であって、これら４ヵ所のいず
れもが 180°の位置関係でない位置においてほぼ同時に
該紙面によって反射した光を捕捉し、 該反射光の強度から繊維配向指数や繊維配向角などの繊
維配向特性を算出することを特徴とする紙の繊維配向測
定方法。1. Non-polarized light is radiated perpendicularly to the paper surface of a stationary or running paper, and the center of the intersection of a plane parallel to the paper surface on the non-polarized light incident side of the paper surface. At least four positions on the semi-circular arc in the parallel plane, where none of these four positions captures the light reflected by the paper surface at substantially the same position at a position where the positional relationship is not 180 °. A fiber orientation measuring method for paper, which comprises calculating fiber orientation characteristics such as a fiber orientation index and a fiber orientation angle from the intensity of light.
直に無偏光を照射し、 該紙面の前記無偏光の入射側であって紙面に平行な面と
入射光軸との交点を中心とする該平行な面内の半円の円
弧上の少なくとも４ヵ所であって、これら４ヵ所のいず
れもが 180°の位置関係でない位置においてほぼ同時に
該紙面によって反射した光を捕捉し、 前記無偏光の照射位置を前記抄紙機のクロスマシン方向
に走査し、 前記反射光の強度から繊維配向指数や繊維配向角などの
繊維配向特性を算出することを特徴とするオンラインで
の紙の繊維配向測定方法。2. An intersection of an incident optical axis with a plane parallel to the non-polarized light incident side of the paper, which is irradiated with the non-polarized light perpendicularly to the paper surface of the paper running on the paper machine. At least four points on the arc of the semicircle in the parallel plane centered at, and all of these four points capture the light reflected by the paper surface at substantially the same position at a position not in a 180 ° positional relationship, The non-polarized irradiation position is scanned in the cross machine direction of the paper machine, and the fiber orientation characteristics such as the fiber orientation index and the fiber orientation angle are calculated from the intensity of the reflected light. Orientation measurement method.
ぞれに対して垂直に無偏光を照射し、その反射光をそれ
ぞれの側で捕捉することを特徴とする請求項１または請
求項２のいずれかに記載の紙の繊維配向測定方法。3. The non-polarized light is radiated perpendicularly to each of the felt surface and the wire surface of the paper, and the reflected light is captured on each side. The method for measuring the fiber orientation of paper according to.
した光のうち入射光軸と反射光軸を含む面に対して平行
方向に振動する偏光、あるいは垂直方向に振動する偏光
のいずれか一方に係るものであることを特徴とする請求
項１ないし請求項３のいずれかに記載の紙の繊維配向測
定方法。4. The polarized light whose measured reflected light intensity vibrates in a direction parallel to a plane including the incident optical axis and the reflected optical axis of the light reflected by the paper surface, or polarized light which vibrates in a vertical direction. The method for measuring fiber orientation of paper according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that
紙面に平行な面と入射光軸との交点を中心とする前記半
円の円弧上であって、該半円をＮ等分した場合に、Ｎヵ
所において行なうことを特徴とする請求項１ないし請求
項４のいずれかに記載の紙の繊維配向測定方法。5. When the light reflected by the paper surface is captured on an arc of the semicircle centered on the intersection of a plane parallel to the paper surface and the incident optical axis, and the semicircle is divided into N equal parts. 5. The method for measuring fiber orientation of paper according to claim 1, wherein the method is performed at N locations.
直に無偏光を照射する投光手段と、 該紙面の前記無偏光の入射側であって紙面に平行な面と
入射光軸との交点を中心とする該平行な面内の半円の円
弧上にいずれもが 180°の位置関係にない状態に配設
し、受光部が該紙面と入射光軸との交点を臨んで該紙面
によって反射した光を捕捉する少なくとも４個の受光手
段と、 前記それぞれの受光手段により測定された反射光強度が
入力され、該入力信号を適宜に処理して光強度情報を出
力する光情報処理回路と、 前記光情報処理回路の出力信号から繊維配向指数や繊維
配向角などを算出する演算回路とを備えたことを特徴と
する紙の繊維配向測定装置。6. A light projecting means for irradiating non-polarized light perpendicularly to a paper surface of a stationary or running paper, a plane parallel to the non-polarized light incident side of the paper surface and an incident optical axis. Are arranged in a state where none of them are in a 180 ° positional relationship on the arc of the semicircle in the parallel plane centered on the intersection point of, and the light receiving section faces the intersection point of the paper surface and the incident optical axis. At least four light receiving means for capturing the light reflected by the paper surface, and the optical information processing for inputting the reflected light intensities measured by the respective light receiving means, appropriately processing the input signals and outputting the light intensity information. A fiber orientation measuring apparatus for paper, comprising: a circuit; and an arithmetic circuit for calculating a fiber orientation index, a fiber orientation angle, etc. from an output signal of the optical information processing circuit.
直に無偏光を照射する投光手段と、 該紙面の前記無偏光の入射側であって紙面に平行な面と
入射光軸との交点を中心とする該平行な面内の半円の円
弧上にいずれもが 180°の位置関係にない状態に配設
し、受光部が該紙面と入射光軸との交点を臨んで該紙面
によって反射した光を捕捉する少なくとも４個の受光手
段と、 前記それぞれの受光手段により測定された反射光強度が
入力され、該入力信号を適宜に処理して光強度情報を出
力する光情報処理回路と、 前記光情報処理回路の出力信号から繊維配向指数や繊維
配向角などを算出する演算回路とからなり、 前記投光手段と受光手段とを前記抄紙機のクロスマシン
方向に走査させることを特徴とする紙の繊維配向測定装
置。7. A light projecting means for irradiating non-polarized light perpendicularly to a paper surface of a paper running on a paper machine, and a plane parallel to the non-polarized light incident side of the paper surface. All of them are arranged on the arc of a semicircle in the parallel plane centered on the intersection with the axis so that none of them are in a positional relationship of 180 °, and the light receiving part faces the intersection of the paper surface and the incident optical axis. At least four light receiving means for capturing the light reflected by the paper surface, and the reflected light intensity measured by each of the light receiving means are input, and light for appropriately processing the input signal and outputting light intensity information. An information processing circuit and an arithmetic circuit for calculating a fiber orientation index, a fiber orientation angle, etc. from an output signal of the optical information processing circuit, and causing the light projecting means and the light receiving means to scan in the cross machine direction of the paper machine. An apparatus for measuring fiber orientation of paper, which is characterized in that
とし、それぞれの面を照射する前記投光手段とその反射
光をそれぞれの側で捕捉する前記受光手段とを備えてい
ることを特徴とする請求項６または請求項７のいずれか
に記載の紙の繊維配向測定装置。8. The paper surface is a felt surface and a wire surface, and the light projecting means for irradiating each surface and the light receiving means for capturing the reflected light on each side are provided. The fiber orientation measuring device for paper according to claim 6 or 7.
反射光軸とを含む面に対して平行方向または垂直方向の
いずれか一方に振動する偏光を分離する偏光子を備えた
ことを特徴とする請求項６ないし請求項８のいずれかに
記載の紙の繊維配向測定装置。9. The light receiving means includes a polarizer for separating polarized light that oscillates from reflected light in either a parallel direction or a vertical direction with respect to a plane including an incident optical axis and a reflected optical axis. The fiber orientation measuring apparatus for paper according to any one of claims 6 to 8, which is characterized.
記紙面に平行な面と入射光軸との交点を中心とする前記
半円をＭ等分したことを特徴とする請求項６ないし請求
項９のいずれかに記載の紙の繊維配向測定装置。10. When arranging M light receiving means, the semicircle centering on the intersection of a plane parallel to the paper and the incident optical axis is divided into M equal parts. The fiber orientation measuring device for paper according to claim 9.
する投光部と、該紙面によって反射した光を捕捉する受
光部とのいずれか一方または双方を光ファイバの端部に
よって構成し、該投光部と投光手段または受光部と受光
手段とを上記光ファイバで接続したことを特徴とする請
求項６ないし請求項１０のいずれかに記載の紙の繊維配
向測定装置。11. One or both of a light projecting unit that irradiates non-polarized light perpendicularly to the paper surface and a light receiving unit that captures light reflected by the paper surface are constituted by end portions of an optical fiber, 11. The paper fiber orientation measuring apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the light projecting unit and the light projecting unit or the light receiving unit and the light receiving unit are connected by the optical fiber.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4769394A JP2855073B2 (en) | 1994-02-22 | 1994-02-22 | Paper fiber orientation measuring method and fiber orientation measuring device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4769394A JP2855073B2 (en) | 1994-02-22 | 1994-02-22 | Paper fiber orientation measuring method and fiber orientation measuring device |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH07229831A true JPH07229831A (en) | 1995-08-29 |
| JP2855073B2 JP2855073B2 (en) | 1999-02-10 |
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ID=12782370
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4769394A Expired - Fee Related JP2855073B2 (en) | 1994-02-22 | 1994-02-22 | Paper fiber orientation measuring method and fiber orientation measuring device |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5699163A (en) * | 1994-04-06 | 1997-12-16 | Nippon Paper Industries Co., Ltd. | Method of determining the orientation of fibers on the surface of paper |
| JP2018135623A (en) * | 2017-02-24 | 2018-08-30 | 独立行政法人 国立印刷局 | Authenticity discrimination medium |
-
1994
- 1994-02-22 JP JP4769394A patent/JP2855073B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5699163A (en) * | 1994-04-06 | 1997-12-16 | Nippon Paper Industries Co., Ltd. | Method of determining the orientation of fibers on the surface of paper |
| JP2018135623A (en) * | 2017-02-24 | 2018-08-30 | 独立行政法人 国立印刷局 | Authenticity discrimination medium |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2855073B2 (en) | 1999-02-10 |
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