JPH07185502A - Device for treating combustible waste - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To facilitate the conversion of wastes to useful active carbon or graphite by heating combustible wastes housed in a closed vessel in a non- oxygen state to a required temp. to generate steam and other gases and subjecting the formed noxious gas to neutralization and adsorption through a suction filter. CONSTITUTION:Wastes F including various kinds of formed parts and compositions of vinyl chloride are thrown in an inside vessel 1a from its throw-in hole 2, and after closing it, the closed vessel 1a is evacuated. Next, waste heat of a thermal power plant, etc., are introduced as an external heat source into a space layer 1b from the heat introducing pass of a heat feeding part 5 to evaporate volatile components, such as moisture and solvent contained in the wastes F. Gaseous Cl generated from compositions of vinyl chloride contained in the wastes F is led to a set of filter vessels 7A, 7B from an exhaust pipe 6 and treated by neutralization, adsorption, etc., to make it harmless. After that, it is discharged to the outside by suction force of an evacuating apparatus 8. Next, the heat feeding part 5 is controlled to perform heating of next stage, and non-decomposed components in the residual wastes F are thermally decomposed to accelerate carbonization.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention is to reduce the volume, detoxify and deodorize a waste material containing a combustible or incinerable waste material by carbonizing it without burning or incinerating it. The present invention relates to a processing device capable of

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, various industrial wastes, municipal wastes such as kitchen wastes are burned or incinerated, used for landfill as they are, or used to recover metal or oil. The waste is separated into the ones to be treated and the waste is treated according to the treatment method.

However, in the conventional treatment method, the method of treating waste by combustion or incineration (hereinafter referred to as incineration) requires a large amount of energy for that purpose, and chlorine gas, dioxin, etc. are accompanied by the incineration. It is known that not only toxic gas is generated, but also a large amount of CO ₂ is generated with combustion.

Up to now, although measures have been taken to remove harmful gases out of various gases generated by the above incineration, the above CO ₂ is released into the atmosphere as it is when the waste is incinerated. It was However, in recent years, it has been pointed out that the CO ₂ released into the atmosphere is one of the causes of so-called global pollution problems, particularly global warming.

[0005]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is directed to the generation and release of harmful gases and CO ₂ emissions associated with the incineration of waste materials as described above.
In view of the problem of emission, it is an object of the present invention to provide a processing device capable of reducing the volume and harmlessness of combustible waste without incinerating it and generating useful activated carbon and graphite. It was made as.

[0006]

The structure of the treatment apparatus of the present invention made for the purpose of solving the above-mentioned problems is such that the waste is accommodated and heated to a required temperature under deoxygenated or air-shielded conditions and the temperature thereof is adjusted. A closed heating container capable of holding for a required time and a liquid filter body such as a neutralizer containing an empty space in the upper part are accommodated, and a gas introduction pipe connected to the closed heating container is positioned in the filter body. A plurality of containers adapted to exert a suction force on the upper space from the outside, the suction type filter container being connected to the closed heating container so as to be switchable by dividing these containers into at least two groups; A suction device that applies a suction force to the upper space of each filter container, and exhaust gas that is connected to the exhaust side of the suction device and that is discharged from the suction device is heated and passes through a combustion unit to deodorize. It is characterized in that comprising a smell section.

[0007]

[Function] By heating the combustible waste contained in the oxygen-free airtight container to the required temperature and maintaining the heating temperature for the required time, steam and other gases are generated over time, and are generated during this period. The harmful gas is removed by neutralization and adsorption through a suction filter to render it harmless. During this period, the waste is heated in the closed container until it is carbonized, so no CO ₂ is generated during the treatment of the waste. The suction type filter connects two or more groups in parallel in a switchable manner, measures the pH of the liquid filter medium through which gas is passed, and switches the suction type filter to the suction type filter of another group depending on the pH value. Therefore, continuous operation can be performed and processing efficiency can be improved.

[0008]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Next, an embodiment of the processing apparatus of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a system block diagram showing an outline of an example of the processing apparatus of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing a configuration example of a suction type filter.

In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a processing container for hermetically containing a combustible waste material F in an oxygen-free state and thermally decomposing the waste material F by heat applied from the outside to carbonize the waste material F. Here, it is formed by an inner container 1a and an outer container 1c which holds the space layer 1b between them to cover the container 1 in an adiabatic manner. The inner container 1a preferably has an uneven surface in order to increase the efficiency of receiving heat from the outside or radiating heat to the inside.

The processing container 1 includes inner and outer containers 1a and 1c.
2 through which the waste F is put in and the treatment residue is taken out 3
And a temperature sensor 1d for measuring the temperature inside the inner container 1a. It should be noted that these openings 2 and 3 may be combined by a single opening. Reference numerals 4a and 4b are lids provided at the openings of the inner and outer containers 1a and 1c.

In this embodiment, the space layer 1b of the processing container 1 is connected to two heat supply units 5 for controlling and introducing heat from an external heat source. The amount of heat supplied by the heat supply unit 5 is controlled based on the temperature measured by the temperature sensor 1d and the timing data provided by a timer (not shown) provided separately. In the figure, 5a is a heat introduction path, 5b is a heat quantity control valve, 5c is a heat exhaust path, and 5d is its opening / closing valve.
As the heat source, a heating means such as a gas burner in which the inner container 1a is arranged in the space layer 1b or an electric heater may be used for heating.

Reference numeral 6 denotes an exhaust pipe penetrating the outer container 1c and communicating with the inner container 1a, and a filter container 71 for neutralizing a predetermined gas component via connecting exhaust pipes 61 and 62, and the like. Is connected to filter container groups 7A and 7B formed of filter containers 72 for removing the gas components of the exhaust gas by adsorption, bonding, and the like, and intake air of the exhaust device 8 is obtained by a suction fan via connection exhaust pipes 63 and 64 and a switching valve 74. Connected to the side.

The filter containers 71 and 72 are formed into two sets of filter container groups 7A and 7B, each of which is a series of two exhaust pipes 61 and 62 for connection. Front side filter vessels 71 and 72 in 7A and 7B
Is connected to the inner container 1a by an exhaust pipe 6 with a switching valve 73 interposed. Although not shown, in the present invention, the middle portion of the exhaust pipe 6 may be bent in a U shape, and the vent portion may be cooled to agglomerate the oil component, and the oil component may be taken out from the drain.

Thus, each of the filter containers 71, 72 has a space 71b, 72b in the upper part and a solution type neutralizing agent or a filtering agent 71a, 72a is housed in each of the filter containers 71, 72. 71a, 7
For 2a, mixing plates 71d and 72d that are rotated by motors 71c and 72c are provided. 71e and 72e are motors 71
It is an axis connecting c, 72c and mixing plates 71d, 72d.

For each of the agents 71a and 72a, the pH is
The sensors 71f and 72f are brought into contact with each other so that the pH of the neutralizing agent and the filtering agents 71a and 72a can be detected constantly or at an appropriate sampling cycle. Filter group 7A,
The switching valves 73 and 74 provided in the exhaust pipe 6 and 63 and 64 in 7B are formed to be switched.

On the outer circumference of the exhaust pipe 65 of the exhaust device 8, a heat receiving portion 9 formed of fins or grids (not shown)
And the heat receiving portion 9 is a heat source such as a gas burner as an example.
It is formed so as to deodorize the gas that passes through the exhaust pipe 65 and is released to the outside by heating at about 800 ° C. or higher by the 9a.

As described above, an example of the processing apparatus of the present invention is formed. Next, an example of a waste processing mode by this processing apparatus will be described.

Waste F is a vinyl chloride type (abbreviation of vinyl chloride type)
It is a mixed combustible waste consisting of paper-based, cloth-based, film-based, and solid matter that includes various molded products and compositions and is impregnated or moistened with various liquids such as water. Specifically, industrial PVC products for agriculture or fisheries, various establishments such as general households, offices, hotels, restaurants, etc., or various flammable wastes discharged from hospitals, nursing homes, etc. It is a thing.

A required amount of this waste material F is put into the inner container 1a through its charging port 2 and the container 1 is hermetically sealed.
Exhaust the air of 1a. In addition, inside the inner container 1a, a wire-mesh-like tray M which is floated from the bottom of the container 1a and supported is arranged so that heat can be uniformly transferred to the stored waste. In addition, it is desirable that the inner and outer surfaces of the inner container 1a are formed as uneven surfaces by fins or the like so as to enhance heat absorption from the outside and heat dissipation efficiency inside. The saucer M may be replaced with a cage made of wire mesh.

From the heat introduction path of the heat supply unit 5, an external heat source,
For example, heat generated by exhaust heat from a thermal power plant is introduced into the space layer 1b of the closed container 1 to increase the internal temperature of the inner container 1a. The inside of the inner container 1a is, for example, initially raised to a temperature of around 100 ° C. to 200 ° C. and held at that temperature for an appropriate period of time to evaporate volatile components such as water and solvent contained in the waste F. . The temperature control is, for example,
This is performed by adjusting the opening / closing degree of the valves 5b, 5d of the heat input / exhaust heat paths 5a, 5c.

Although the time required for evaporation of water or the like due to the heating varies depending on the amount of waste F, the result of the experiment has revealed that the weight of the waste is reduced by about 70 to 80% by the evaporation of water or the like. is doing. When the evaporation process of water etc. is completed,
Subsequently, the amount of heat supplied from the heat supply unit 5 is increased, the internal temperature of the inner container 1a is raised to about 280 ° C., and this temperature is maintained for the required time.

Since the inside of the inner container 1a is kept at the temperature of about 280 ° C., Cl gas is generated from the vinyl chloride composition contained in the waste F from which water and the like have been blown. Gas is discharged from the exhaust pipe 6 into a set of filter container groups 7A or
Gas that does not contain Cl gas is discharged to the exhaust pipe 65 side by the suction force of the exhaust device 8 after passing through the 7B filter container 71 or 72 and processed by neutralization, adsorption and the like.

Outflow from the inside of the inner container 1a to the exhaust pipe 6
The Cl gas is neutralized and removed almost completely or at least to a level safe for humans and animals by passing through each filter container 71 or 72, and is exhausted from the exhaust pipe 65.

Thereafter, the heat supply unit 5 is controlled to heat the inside of the inner container 1a to a temperature of about 500 ° C. as the heating temperature for the next stage, and the heating temperature is maintained for the required time.

By this heating, the thermal decomposition of the undecomposed components in the waste F remaining at the time when the heating at the above temperature is completed is promoted, and the carbonization of the entire waste is promoted. Of the various gases produced from the waste F by this heating and the above-mentioned heating at 100 to 200 ° C. or around 280 ° C., a predetermined gas (toxic gas or unnecessary gas) is generated in the filter container 71 or 72. Some of the offensive odors and malodorous components contained in the respective gases, which are removed, pass through the filter container 71 or 72 and are discharged from the exhaust device 8 to the outside.

Therefore, in the device of the present invention, the heat receiving portion 9 is provided in the exhaust pipe 65 of the exhaust device 8 by the suction fan, and in this heat receiving portion 9, the exhaust gas is brought into contact with a heat source such as a gas flame, so that The odorous mood is heated and burned to make it odorless.

As described above, the waste material F is stored in the airtight closed container 1 in an amount of, for example, about 100 ° C to about 500 ° C.
Heat treatment is performed step by step depending on the heating temperature up to a certain degree, and during this time, the malodorous and offensive odor components contained in the exhaust gas are reheated and burned, so that the waste itself is rendered harmless and odorless without being burned at all. Be converted.

In the treatment mainly by heating and carbonization without combustion of the waste F by the apparatus of the present invention in which the treatment progresses in this way, two sets of filter vessel groups 7A and 7B are switched to close the closed vessel 1. It has been made possible to efficiently remove different gases generated in the inner container 1a depending on the heating temperature and to regenerate or recover the neutralizing agent and the filtering agents 71a and 72a that deteriorate over time.

Therefore, in the apparatus of the present invention, for example, the pH of the neutralizing agent and the filtering agents 71a and 72a of the respective filter containers 71 and 72 is
Sensors 71f and 72f as detection means are provided to switch the switching valves 73 and 74 before the pH of the neutralizing agent, the filtering agent 71a, or 72a becomes unable to exhibit the function as the neutralizing agent. , The used filter container group 7A or 7B is switched to the unused filter container group 7B or 7A, the neutralizing agent of the filter container group 7A or 7B used until then, the filtering agent 71a
Alternatively, the 72a is reproduced or replaced.

Further, in the device of the present invention, the switching of the filter container groups 7A and 7B is switched according to the kind of different gas generated in the closed container 1 depending on the heating temperature. Therefore, in the filter container groups 7A and 7B, the neutralizing agent and the filtering agents 71a and 72a having different gas neutralizing and adsorbing functions are used.

The switching use of the filter container groups 7A and 7B in the apparatus of the present invention as described above is performed by the above-mentioned pH sensors 71f and 7B.
Based on the detection signal of 2f or the detection signal of a gas sensor (not shown) that detects various gases, the switching valves 73 and 74 are automatically switched and operated. Of course, it is arbitrary to perform this switching manually based on a person's judgment.

By the treatment as described above, the waste F becomes a residue in a state in which it is almost completely carbonized inside the closed container 1. Since the residual carbide is odorless and harmless, it can be used as it is for landfill without any problem, and it can be further used as activated carbon or graphite. In particular, the processing residue of the vinyl chloride waste can be taken out as a carbon component having an extremely high purity, which is extremely suitable for use as activated carbon.

[0033]

EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION The present invention is as described above, and in order to heat-treat waste that has been conventionally incinerated as flammable garbage or landfilled as it is in an airtight state in an airtight container, Since the generation of CO ₂ can be suppressed as much as possible,
It is extremely useful as a non-combustion treatment device for waste that fixes C. Moreover, since the odor in the exhaust gas can be deodorized by heating and burning during exhaust gas, no bad odor is generated.

Further, in the apparatus of the present invention, a plurality of filter vessels are switched and used during the heat treatment, so that the gas removal ability of each filter such as neutralization and adsorption of harmful gas may deteriorate with time. Even if there is, the regeneration, recovery, replacement, etc. can be performed alternately for each filter container group, so continuous operation is possible, and the filter container group to be used is switched according to the type of harmful gas, etc. Therefore, in combination with the above continuous operation, various gases generated due to the difference in heating temperature can be successively removed during continuous operation, and therefore waste can be efficiently detoxified. It will be possible.

Further, since the carbide generated as a residue is harmless and odorless, it can be used as it is as activated carbon or graphite, so that it is useful in other industrial fields.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a system block diagram showing an outline of an example of a processing apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration example of a suction filter.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Processing container 1a Inner container 1b Space layer 1c Outer container 1d Temperature sensor 2 Input port 3 Outlet 5 Heat supply part 5a Heat introduction path 5b Heat quantity control 5c Exhaust heat path 5d Open / close valve 6,61-65 Exhaust pipe 71, 72 Filter container 7A, 7B Filter container group 71a, 72a Neutralizing agent, filter agent 71b, 72b Space 71c, 72c Motor 71d, 72d Mixing plate 71e, 72e Shaft 71f, 72f pH sensor 8 Suction fan type exhaust device 9 Heat receiving part F Waste

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification code Internal reference number FI Technical display location B01D 53/38 53/81 53/74 C01B 31/02 101 Z B01D 53/34 116 J 116 H B09B 3/00 ZAB

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A closed heating container which accommodates waste and is heated to a required temperature under a deoxygenated or air-shielded condition so as to maintain the temperature for a required time, and a space such as a neutralizer for leaving a space above the container. A plurality of containers, each containing a liquid filter body, wherein a gas introduction pipe connected to the closed heating container is positioned in the filter body, and a suction force is applied to the upper space from the outside. A suction type filter container in which these containers are divided into at least two groups and switchably connected to the closed heating container, a suction device for exerting a suction force on the upper space of each filter container, and an exhaust side of the suction device. And a deodorizing unit that is connected to the degassing unit for heating and exhausting the exhaust gas discharged from the suction device to deodorize the exhaust gas. 2. The plurality of suction type filter containers are formed by two or more sets of filter container groups in which at least two are connected in series, and the suction type filter container positioned at the head of the filter containers of each group is connected to a gas introducing pipe. The waste treatment device according to claim 1, wherein the suction end of the suction device is connected to the upper space of the suction type filter container located at the end of each group while being connected in parallel to the closed heating container via the switching valve at the start end side. . 3. Switching of the suction type filter container of each group,
3. The waste treatment device according to claim 2, wherein the switching is performed according to the pH value of the liquid filter in each filter container.