JPH0718278A - System and apparatus for converting industrial and general wastes containing garbage into solid fuel - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To effectively utilize the waste contg. grabage and obtain a long- storable solid fuel by breaking bags contg. the waste, crushing the waste, drying the same, separating the same into combustible and noncombustible wastes, and solidifying the combustible waste with a solidifying machine. CONSTITUTION:Waste contg. garbage is metered with a metering machine 1 and put into a dust storage pit 2. After bags contg. the waste are broken with a bag-breaking machine 61, the waste is crushed, delivered to a drying oven to dry to a water content of about 30%, and delivered to the sorting step to remove magnetizable metals with a magnetic separator. The waste is then crushed again and separated into the combustible and the noncombustible wastes by pneumatic classification. The combustible waste is delivered through a quantitative supply apparatus to a solidifying machine to solidify the same, providing a solid fuel, which does not swell and can adapt enough to outdoor installation or long storage.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a solid fuel conversion (RDF) system for industrial and general wastes (hereinafter, simply referred to as wastes) including food wastes for household and business use, and the like. The present invention relates to a solid fuel conversion device.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As a conventional waste disposal method, when roughly classifying the processing method of raw waste, a garbage incineration site or a landfill method is adopted, and a large-scale waste disposal method for industrial and general waste is
When roughly classified, it is crushed and sorted, and organic substances in them are put into an incinerator, and other inorganic substances are landfilled or reused as resources. Also in the prior art documents, the same system or device as described above is adopted for each waste. In particular, the conversion of high-moisture food waste into a solid fuel has not yet been adopted in Japan.

Incidentally, in principle, various kinds of garbage, etc. generated in each local government are obliged to be incinerated or landfilled in the local government in principle.

[0004]

Among the conventional treatment methods, first of all, in the landfill method for oversized garbage and the like, there is a problem of securing a place for this landfill. The same applies to the treatment after crushing the bulky waste. Next, in the incineration method or landfill method of food waste, the problem of exhaust gas and moisture generated from the incinerator during incineration, or the foul odor, fly, etc. generated during landfill
Due to the problems of gathering birds, etc., strong opposition from local residents has made it extremely difficult to install the incinerator or secure a landfill site. Therefore, most local governments are unable to install waste treatment facilities and are in great poverty, and a solution to this problem is desired.

[0005]

In view of the above, the present invention provides
Through the establishment of a fuel processing plant that processes industrial waste including kitchen waste and general waste as solid fuel, obtain the consent of local residents, and make it possible to carry it out of autonomous regions such as local governments as solid fuel. The following structure was adopted for the purpose of effective and beneficial use of resources.

[0006] First, a solid fuel conversion system for industrial waste and general waste containing food waste according to the present invention is a solid fuel conversion system for industrial waste and general waste containing food waste. Includes a crushing step of crushing the waste to generate crushed waste, and a drying step of drying the crushed waste generated in this crushing step to reduce the water content in the crushed waste. , A fuel-targeted crushed waste sorting step of selecting a combustible material and an incombustible material from the dry crushed waste produced in this drying step, and a combustion material selected in the fuel-targeted crushed waste sorting step. And a solidification step of solidifying.

Further, the solid waste fueling apparatus for industrial waste and general waste containing food waste of the present invention is a solid fueling apparatus for industrial waste and general waste containing food waste, and the solid fuelizing apparatus is , A closed dust storage pit for storing the waste, a primary crusher that receives the waste from the dust pit and crushes it to a proper size via a bag crusher, and crushes with this crusher The multi-stage drying furnace that receives the crushed waste that has been processed via the magnetic separator and that dry the crushed waste that has been received, and the dried crushed waste that is generated in this multi-stage drying furnace A combustible material is selected from a secondary crushing device that reduces the diameter by a crusher to produce dried small-sized crushed waste and the dried small-sized crushed waste generated by this secondary crusher. And a sorting device that removes non-combustible substances (inorganic substances) and this sorting means. A solid device for solid-type fuel target 砕化 waste, in constructed.

[0008]

The function of the present invention (making waste into a solid fuel) will be described below. First, the waste is sent in a fixed amount by an automatic display type light weight machine and sent to a dust pit through a crane or the like (not shown). Only when the waste is supplied and when the waste is sent from the dust pit to the shredder to be described later (there are many exceptions, there are exceptions, for example, during repair), the lid of this dust pit is opened, and so-called unsupply In addition, the structure is closed when not discharged, and the waste in the dust pit is constantly stored in a fixed amount through the ultrasonic level type. The wastewater discharged from the dust storage pit is stored in the lower wastewater pit. Waste that has been supplied to this dust storage pit and has reduced water content is crushed by a bag crushing machine, for example, by a bag crushing machine (of course, in the case of food waste stored in bags, etc.). It is.) The waste crushed by the bag crusher is supplied to the next primary crusher. The crushing machine is best equipped with a single-axis or multi-axis rotary crushing screw blade for this type of waste, but it can be used with other shredders having the same effect. The waste is crushed into a predetermined size or shape through the crusher, and is sent as a crushed waste (crushed waste) from the outlet side thereof to a conveyor. On the other hand, the sewage discharged from the crusher or the sewage discharged in the process of being sent to the transport conveyor flows down to the sewage pit.

A magnetic separator is provided on the transfer conveyor, the metal pieces in the crushed waste are removed through the magnetic separator, and the selected metal pieces are sent to an iron scrap pit described later. Then, the non-metallic crushed waste (including metals other than iron) sorted by the transport conveyor is introduced into the multi-stage drying furnace, and hot air is supplied into the multi-stage drying furnace. Through, to a moisture content of less than 30%. In addition, the bad odor and the bad odor gas are sent to a dust collector described later. In addition, the multistage drying furnace guides the wastewater stored in the wastewater pit and gasifies it.

The crushed waste of food waste dried as described above is sent out on a conveyer conveyor. In this conveying process, a secondary crusher is used rather than a secondary magnetic separator (in the case of the reverse process). It is also possible.) To further reduce the diameter and sort the metal (inorganic substance) to produce dried small-sized crushed waste. In this way, the dried small-sized crushed waste thus generated is subjected to wind screening on the transport conveyor. That is, as a general rule, only the dried small-sized crushed waste that is a fuel is sucked from the non-metallic crushed waste through the suction force of the attraction fan. Therefore, an inorganic substance such as a metal such as aluminum is sent to the conveyor as it is, and is sent to a non-combustible substance pit described later, for example, via a linear non-ferrous metal sorter or an aluminum sorter. The dried small-sized crushed waste of the fuel target, which has been subjected to the wind power selection, is guided to the settling chamber, and the dried small-sized crushed waste of the fuel target is gravity-separated by the settling chamber and sent to the fixed amount supply device. The finely pulverized waste is guided to the dust collector through the induced draft fan and then to the quantitative supply device.

The dried small-sized crushed waste to be fueled, which is guided to the constant quantity supply device, is sent to the solid-type machine under the control of the ultrasonic level meter. That is, it is fed to a two-axis stationary machine (not limited). Then, the dried small-sized crushed waste for fuel sent to the twin-screw solidification machine is solidified to a predetermined hardness, size, etc. by the machine and becomes a solid fuel lump. , Is sent to the fuel pit via the discharge port. In addition, the two-axis type solid machine,
A structure in which more dried small-sized crushed waste for fuel is supplied than solid fuel lumps that are constantly discharged, and is not discharged from the discharge port as non-solid fuel lumps (that is, dust-like or small block-like fuel) Has become. Specifically, it is controlled by an ultrasonic level meter installed near the fixed quantity supply device,
When the two-shaft type solid machine is not filled with the dried small-sized crushed waste for fuel required for the solid fuel mass, the two-shaft type solid machine is configured to be stopped.

[0012] The odor introduced to the dust collector, the finely powdered pulverized waste, and other substances are separated here, and the finely powdered pulverized waste to be fueled is fed to the quantitative supply device as described above. Sent out. Further, the odor is exhausted into the air through the exhaust stack after passing through the deodorizer.

The solid fuel mass produced as described above does not swell (does not swell and spoil even when placed in water), is most suitable for outdoor use or for long-term storage, and has no odor. There is no problem of secondary pollution, and it is stored in the fuel pit and then used as a solid fuel, for example, in power plants, cement factories, greenhouse cultivation, building heating, etc. that require a large amount of fuel. Metal scraps such as iron scrap pits are reused as resources. The above-mentioned devices, machines, cakes, control dampers, etc. are automatically controlled by a central control panel, and no offensive odors are diffused outside the factory (they are hermetically sealed). .

[0014]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. First of all, the present invention is of a substantially completely sealed type so that harmful substances such as bad odors and contaminated air are not discharged to the outside, and each device, machine and the like will be described below. 1 is a weighing machine with an automatic display system, that is, Various kinds of wastes are placed on the automatic display type weighing machine via a not-illustrated feeding crane, and after being weighed by the automatic display type weighing machine 1, the wastes are sent to the closed dust storage pit 2. The feeding means uses a device such as a conveyor or a transport crane. The dust storage pit 2 is, as described above, a closed type and has a lid 3
The dust pit 2 is opened and closed by means of an ultrasonic wave level meter 4 (an example, other sensors may be used), and it is closed in principle except when the waste is taken in and out. It is configured to maintain an appropriate amount.
Further, a sewage pit 5 is provided on the bottom surface of the dust storage pit 2, and the sewage pit 5 is discharged from the dust storage pit 2 or a bag-breaking machine described later, a triaxial crusher, or a conveyor. It is configured to contain the sewage that is discharged.

Reference numeral 6 designates a three-axis type crusher, for example, a device in which shafts equipped with mutually cooperating screw blades are arranged side by side, and the screw threads of the screw blades crush the waste, such as blankets and futons. It has the ability to sufficiently crush even mats with springs, clothing, and other large-scale waste. This crusher 6
As shown in the figure, the waste is supplied through a bag breaking machine 61 for breaking a bag (not shown). The purpose is to improve the efficiency of crushing and ensure reliable crushing, and in particular, the bag body containing the garbage, other wastes, etc. is targeted. Further, the crusher 6 is not limited to the above-mentioned example, and it is possible to replace it with another shredder having the same function, for example. Then, the waste is supplied to the crusher 6 by a supply crane 7 such as an overhead traveling crane. A conveyor 8 having a magnetic separator 9 is connected to the outlet 6a of the crusher 6, and the crushed waste is fed through the conveyor 8 in a multi-stage drying furnace 10 to be described later. It is configured to be sent to.

The multi-stage drying furnace 10 includes a hot air generator 1
Hot air is supplied in multiple stages via 1, and the water content of the crushed waste sent to the drying furnace 10 is dried to within 30%. Then, the dried crushed waste is sent from the outlet side 10a to the division type transfer conveyors 12 and 112.

Reference numeral 13 is a wind power sorter, and the wind power sorter 13 includes magnetic separators 14, 114 (provided as necessary), a secondary crusher 62, a suction nozzle 15, an attracting fan 16 and a conveying path 17. The dried crushed waste, which is the main constituent and is conveyed by the split type conveyor 12, is first dried through the primary magnetic separator 14 to dry the magnetically adhering metal (inorganic substance) from the dried crushed waste. After removing the spent crushed waste, the dried crushed waste targeted for the fuel is sucked from the inside, and the dried crushed waste targeted for the fuel is sent to the settling chamber 18 through the transport path 17. . After that, the dried crushed waste is further crushed to a smaller diameter through a secondary crusher 62, thereby producing a dried small crushed waste, and then sent to the secondary transport conveyor 112. At this time, the inorganic small size crushing waste is removed from the dried small size crushing waste through the secondary magnetic separator 114 in the same manner as described above, and then the dried small size crushing target of the fuel is removed from it. The solidified waste is sucked, and the dried small-sized crushed waste to be fueled is sent to the settling chamber 18 via the transport path 17. The dried, small-diameter crushed waste of the inorganic substance that is not sucked is dropped from the end of the conveyor 112 and sent to the linear non-ferrous metal sorter 19 (not limited). The dried small-sized crushed exhaust gas for fuel sent to the settling chamber 18 is collected in the convergence bottom 18a. Further, the odor is sent to the dust collector 21 via the duct 20 by the attraction of the induced air exhauster, which will be described later, and is subjected to the dust collection processing by the dust collector 21.

Numeral 22 is a two-axis and equate type solid machine,
The solidification machine 22 includes a convergence bottom portion 18a of the settling chamber 18.
The dried small-sized crushed waste for fuel collected in (1) is sent via the fixed amount supply device 23. Then, a fixed amount (that is, a larger amount than the solid fuel mass sent from the discharge port 22a of the solid machine 22) is controlled by the control of the ultrasonic level meter 24 (an example, other sensors may be used). It will be sent. As a result, the structure is such that non-solid fuel lumps unsuitable as fuel are not generated. In addition, the fine powder separated by the dust collector 21
Duct 25 for dried small-sized crushed waste for fine fuel
It is supplied to the fixed amount supply device 23 via.

Reference numeral 26 gives an exhaust air effect to the exhaust stack 27, and attracts the odors of the dust storage pit 2, the crusher 6, the conveyor 8 and the drying furnace 10 and the settling chamber 18 through the deodorizing duct 28. The air that has been attracted by the induced air exhauster 26 and deodorized by the deodorizer 29 is discharged to the outside of the factory via the exhaust pipe 27.

In the figure, 30 is a fuel pit, 31 is an iron scrap pit, 32 is an incombustible pit, 33 is a central control panel, A is a flow from waste to solid fuel, B is a sewage flow, and C is an iron. The flow of dust, the flow of odor, the flow of E, the flow of hot air, and the flow of F are non-combustible materials, respectively. Reference numeral 34 is a surveillance camera provided everywhere, and 35 is a control damper.

[0021]

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY As described in detail above, the present invention crushes industrial waste and general waste including food waste with a crusher, and after drying and separating the crushed waste, the solid waste is surely passed through the solidification machine. Further, since it is a system and apparatus for rapidly solidifying solid fuel (making it into solid fuel), it is an excellent invention that opens up the way to solid fuel of the waste, which was impossible in the past. Further, this solid fuel does not swell, and has an effect that it can be sufficiently installed outdoors or stored for a long time. In addition, it is an excellent invention that contributes to a society in which resources can be reused and solid waste can be effectively and beneficially used for disposal. In addition, if the central control system is adopted, it has practical effects that are useful for automation, labor saving, and cost reduction.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a pre-process and an apparatus in relation to a dust storage pit of the present invention and a crusher.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an intermediate process and an apparatus in relation to a transport chute and a drying furnace of the present invention and a wind separator.

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a post-process and an apparatus in relation to a settling chamber and a dust collector of the present invention and a solidification machine and the like.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Automatic display type weighing machine 2 Dust storage pit 3 Lid 4 Ultrasonic level meter 5 Sewage pit 6 Crusher 61 Crusher 62 Crusher 6a Exit side 7 Supply crane 8 Conveyor conveyor 9 Magnetic separator 10 Drying oven 10a Exit side 11 Hot air Generator 12 Transport conveyor 112 Transport conveyor 13 Wind power sorter 14 Magnetic separator 114 Magnetic separator 15 Suction nozzle 16 Induction fan 17 Transport path 18 Settling chamber 18a Convergence bottom 19 Linear non-ferrous metal sorter 20 Duct 21 Dust collector 22 Solid type machine 22a Discharge Outlet 23 Fixed-quantity supply device 24 Ultrasonic level meter 25 Duct 26 Induction blower 27 Exhaust pipe 28 Deodorant duct 29 Deodorizer 30 Fuel pit 31 Iron scrap pit 32 Incombustible pit 33 Central control panel 34 Monitoring camera 35 Control damper A Flow from waste to solid fuel B Flow of sewage Flow stream F incombustible material flow E hot air C scrap flow D Odor

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A solid fuelization system for industrial and general waste including food waste, the solid fuelization system comprising a crushing step of crushing the waste to generate crushed waste. Drying process for drying the crushed waste generated in this crushing process to reduce the water content in the crushed waste, and combustion and non-combustible substances from the dry crushed waste generated in this drying process And a solid process for solidifying the combustion products selected in the fuel-targeted crushed waste sorting process, and an industry including kitchen waste and general Solid fuel conversion system for waste. 2. A solid fuelization system for industrial waste and general waste including food waste, wherein the solid fuelization system breaks the bag body of the waste or crushes the waste to crush it. A crushing step that produces waste, a crushing waste that is generated by this crushing step, and a drying step that reduces the water content in the crushing waste, and a dry crushing step that is generated by this drying step. It consists of a fuel target crushed waste sorting process that sorts combustibles and non-combustible substances from waste, and a solidification process that solidifies the combustion products sorted in this fuel crushed waste sorting process. Solid fuel conversion system for industrial and general waste including garbage. 3. A solid fuelizing apparatus for industrial waste and general waste including food waste, which comprises a closed dust storage pit for storing the waste and the dust storing pit. A crusher that receives the waste from the above and crushes it to an appropriate size, and a multi-stage system that receives the crushed waste crushed by this crusher via a magnetic separator and dries the received crushed waste A drying furnace, a sorting device that sorts combustible combustible materials from the dried crushed waste produced in this multi-stage drying furnace, and removes non-combustible materials, and fuel target crushing that is sorted by this sorting means. A solidification device that solidifies solid waste, and a solid fuelification device for industrial and general waste that includes food waste that is composed of. 4. A solid fuelization apparatus for industrial waste and general waste including food waste, which comprises a closed dust storage pit for storing the waste and the dust storage pit. A crusher that receives the waste from the above and crushes it to an appropriate size, and a multistage system that receives the crushed waste crushed by this crusher via a magnetic separator and dries the received crushed waste A drying furnace, a sorting device that sorts combustible combustible materials from the dried crushed waste produced in this multi-stage drying furnace, and removes non-combustible materials, and fuel target crushing that is sorted by this sorting means. A solidification device for solidifying solid waste, a central management control panel that automatically controls the operation of the crusher, the sorting device, and the solidification device and each transport amount; the crusher, the sorting device, and the solid mold Device and means for sealing each transport device, Solid fuel conversion equipment for industrial and general waste including garbage.