JPH0718251Y2 - Spraying device - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial field of application] The present invention relates to a spraying device, and more specifically to a device for spraying granules such as pesticides, fertilizers and paddy from the air by a helicopter or the like.

[Conventional technology]

Conventionally, when spraying the above-mentioned granules on fields, forests, etc., they are sprayed in the air by a helicopter. The spraying device for that purpose is basically a hopper tank that holds the granules to be sprayed, a shutter that opens and closes the discharge port of the hopper tank, and the granules that have fallen from the discharge port by centrifugal force. Equipped with widely spread blades (so-called impellers), this spraying device is loaded on both sides of a helicopter, and the impeller is rotated at a constant speed (1,000 rpm) while flying in the spraying target area to spray granules. Was.

[Problems to be solved by the device]

Depending on the dosage form of agricultural chemicals, the spray width varies from 40m to 25m, but under the current regulations, the effective spray width is fixed at 27m based on the minimum dosage form for the purpose of unifying various standards. Even when the target terrain width for spraying is narrower than the effective spraying width, the spraying is carried out under the same condition (that is, a constant number of rotations), and more granules than necessary are sprayed, which is extremely uneconomical.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a spraying device capable of performing an appropriate spraying according to the topography of a spraying target area and the shape of granules such as agricultural chemicals to be sprayed.

[Means for Solving the Problems]

The spraying device according to the present invention is a spraying device mounted on a helicopter and used for aerial spraying of granules and the like, which comprises a hopper tank for storing the granules to be sprayed and the hopper A discharge amount adjusting means for adjusting the discharge amount from the tank, a diffusing means for laterally widening the granular material and the like from the discharge amount adjusting means by a plurality of rotating blades, and rotating the plurality of rotating blades according to an external control signal. It is composed of a driving motor, and the number of rotations of the plurality of rotary blades is adjustable, whereby the spraying range is adjustable.

[Action]

By adjusting the number of rotations of the plurality of rotary blades of the diffusing means by the above means, it is possible to spray farther or closer. That is, the spread width or spread range can be adjusted. In addition, the above-mentioned discharge amount adjusting means
Since the discharge force from the tank can be adjusted, the spray amount can also be adjusted. As a result, it is possible to efficiently spray the target area with the target density and suppress the spraying to the outside of the target area.

〔Example〕

 Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1A shows a schematic configuration diagram of a mechanical system according to an embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 1A, 10 is a hopper tank for packing granules to be sprayed, on the bottom surface thereof, a throttle device 12 for controlling the discharge amount per time by controlling the area of the discharge port, and the discharge port. A shutter device 14 for controlling the opening and closing of the shutter is provided. Reference numeral 13 is an adjusting lever for adjusting the aperture opening area of the diaphragm device 12, and 15 is a shutter motor for driving the shutter device 14. 16 is a spreading device for spraying the granules that have fallen from the shutter device 14, 18 is an impeller (or blade), 20 is a rotating shaft of the impeller 18, 22 is an impeller motor for rotating the impeller 18, and 24 is an impeller.・
A belt for transmitting the rotational force of the motor 22 to the rotary shaft 20 of the impeller 18. The spreading device 16 has a shape in which the impeller 18 is sandwiched between two thin disks, and the discharge port of the shutter device 14 is located in the central part of the spreading device 16, that is, the orbiting portion of the rotary shaft 20 to the spreading device 16. It is in communication. A plan view of the spreading device 16 is shown in FIG. 1C.

FIG. 2 shows a side view of the spray container shown in FIG. 1A fixed to the side of the helicopter, and FIG. 3 shows a front view thereof. 28 and 29 are the spray containers shown in FIG. 1A.

FIG. 1B shows an electric system for controlling the two spray containers 28, 29 shown in FIG. Reference numerals 40 and 42 denote impeller motors corresponding to the motor 22 of the spray container shown in FIG. 1A, and 44 and 46 denote shutter motors, which are shutter motors of the spray container shown in FIG. 1A.
Equivalent to 15. For example, the motors 40,44 are for the spray container 28 of FIG. 3, and the motors 42,46 are for the spray container 29 of FIG. 52 is a spread width adjustment dial, 54 is a rotation speed control rotation that controls the rotation speed of the impeller motors 40 and 42 according to the adjustment signal from the spread width adjustment dial, and 56 and 58 are motor controls from the rotation speed control circuit 54. A rotation correction circuit that corrects the motor control signal so that the impeller motors 40, 42 (that is, the impellers that are driven by them) rotate at the same rotation speed according to the signal.

Reference numeral 60 is a start switch for controlling the start and stop of the impeller motors 40 and 42, 61 is a spray start / stop switch, 62 is a spray start / stop switch 61, and shutter motors 44, 46 are shutter devices ( First
A shutter control circuit for controlling opening / closing of the device 14) shown in FIG. Further, 64 sets the discharge amount per unit time. The shutter control circuit 62 controls the opening area of the shutter device 14 according to the output of the discharge amount setting dial 64.

In order to control the ejection amount, the aperture area or aperture position of the diaphragm device 12 may be controlled, or the shutter device 14 may be used in combination.

The circuits 54 and 62 are arranged inside the helicopter, and the spread width adjusting dial 52, the impeller start switch 60, and the spread start / stop switch 61 are arranged near the cockpit.

FIG. 4 shows a characteristic curve of the discharge amount with respect to the flight speed, with the spray width and the spray amount per hectare as parameters. The vertical axis represents the discharge amount, and the horizontal axis represents the flight speed. The parameters are (spray width) and (spray volume per hectare). This characteristic curve can be theoretically obtained.
FIG. 5 shows characteristic curves obtained by actually measuring changes in the spray width with respect to flight speeds for various granules. The vertical axis represents the spray width and the horizontal width represents the flight speed. The parameters are granule diameter and specific gravity. As can be seen from FIG. 5, an inverse proportional relationship is basically established between the spray width and the flight speed, and the proportional coefficient is a function of the shape and weight of the granule.

In addition, if it is desired to change the spread width while flying at the same flight speed, generally, it can be adjusted by increasing or decreasing the rotation speed of the impeller 18. However, the degree depends on the size and specific gravity of the granules to be sprayed. FIG. 6 shows the measured characteristic curve of the spray width with respect to the impeller rotation speed with the particle diameter of the spray granule as a parameter, and FIG. 7 shows the measured characteristic of the change of the spray width with respect to the flight speed with the impeller rotation speed as a parameter. Show. In FIG. 6, the flight speed is constant, and in FIG. 7, the particle size of the spray granules is constant. In the normal impeller speed range and the normal flight speed range, the relationship between the spread width and the impeller speed is less dependent on the flight speed, especially when the specific gravity is 1.2 or more.

As a preliminary preparation, representative multiple types of granules, flight speed, and the degree of change in the spraying width for the impeller rotation speed are measured in advance, and for the granules to be actually sprayed,
Perform a simple spray test prior to production to find out which characteristics are similar. Then, the adjusting lever 13 or the shutter control circuit 62 adjusts the amount of granules discharged from the hopper tank 10 to the spreading device 16. By doing so, it is possible to absorb the difference in the shape and specific gravity of the granules to be sprayed.

Next, the spraying procedure will be described. First, put the granules to be sprayed into the hopper tank 10 of the spray containers 28 and 29 on both sides,
Measure the discharge rate (kg / min) and adjust lever 1 according to each granule
Adjust the amount to be sprayed according to 3. The discharge amount (the basic amount) is determined with reference to FIG. The application rate determined and adjusted here is the basic quantity, for example 30 per hectare.
When spraying kg, as shown in Fig. 4, the spreading width is 27
At a speed of 40 m / m and a flight speed of 86.4 kg / min.

On the other hand, if you want to change the spray width while maintaining the same spray quantity per hectare (however, the discharge quantity per unit time is constant), you can know the flight speed for the target spray width from Fig. 4. The pilot causes the helicopter to fly at the flight speed and sets the spread width adjustment dial 52 to the target spread width. For example, a flight speed of 40 mph for a spread width of 27 m and a speed of 5 mph for a spread width of 20 m.
4 mileage and 30 mph for a 35 m spread. It is convenient to display such a relationship between the spray width and the flight speed near the spray width adjusting dial 52. Further, since the discharge amount may be constant, the discharge amount setting dial 64 may be left as it is. The rotation speed control circuit 54 controls the impeller motors 40, 42 to the rotation speed obtained from the relationship shown in FIG. 7 in accordance with the output signal of the spread width adjusting dial 52. As a result, the granules are sprayed from the spreading device 16 in a target spraying width with a constant discharge amount per unit time.

On the other hand, when it is desired to change the spray width while maintaining the same flight speed, the rotation speed of the impeller 18 is adjusted by the spray width adjusting dial 52. However, as can be seen from FIG. 4, when the spraying amount per hectare and the flight speed are made the same and the spraying width is changed, the discharge amount per hour must also be changed. For example, if the flight speed is 40 mph, the spray rate is 30 kg per hectare, and the spray width is 27 m, the discharge rate is 86.4 kg / min, but the spray width is 20 m at the same flight speed.
When it is narrowed to 5, it is necessary to reduce the discharge rate to 65 kg / min from Fig. 4. Therefore, in this case, the discharge amount setting dial 64 is set to this discharge amount. Shutter control circuit 62
Changes the opening area of the shutter device 14 so that the discharge amount is set by the discharge amount setting dial 64.

In the above embodiment, referring to FIG. 4, flight speed, spread width,
Although the discharge amount is determined, the relationship in Fig. 4 can be obtained mathematically. Therefore, by using an arithmetic circuit such as a microcomputer or personal computer, you can enter the desired numerical value to obtain the appropriate control. It is also possible to get a quantity.

Further, in the above-mentioned embodiment, the spraying device is mounted on the helicopter, but other flying objects such as an airship or a light aircraft, a radio-controlled helicopter or a Cessna aircraft may be used.
In case of remote control, electric control system and adjustment dials 52,6
4. The switches 60 and 61 may be installed at the remote pilot's place.

[Effect of device]

As can be easily understood from the above description, according to the present invention, the spraying width of granules can be changed easily and accurately, and
It is highly practical because it can increase the economical efficiency of spraying work. For example, when using seed paddy as granules, it means direct sowing in a rice field with a very large area,
It can reduce the burden of rice cultivation work, greatly contribute to the expansion of agricultural scale and reduction of agricultural work costs.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1A is a schematic diagram of a mechanical portion of one embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 1B is a block diagram of a configuration of an electric control system of one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 1C is a plan view of the spreading device 16 of FIG. 1A, FIGS. 2 and 3 are side and front views when mounted on a helicopter, and FIG. 4 is a characteristic diagram of discharge amount with respect to flight speed, and FIG. FIG. 6 is a characteristic diagram of the spread width with respect to the flight speed, FIG. 6 is a measured view of the spread width with respect to the impeller rotation speed, and FIG. 7 is a measured view of the spread width with respect to the flight speed. 10 ... Hopper tank, 12 ... Aperture device, 14 ... Shutter device, 13 ... Aperture adjusting lever, 15 ... Shutter motor, 16 ... Spreading device, 18 ... Impeller (or blade), 20 ...... Rotary axis, 22 …… Impeller motor, 24 ……
Belt, 28,29 …… Spraying container, 40,42 …… Impeller motor, 44,46 …… Shutter motor, 52 …… Spreading width adjustment dial, 54 …… Revolution speed control circuit, 56,58 …… Rotation Correction circuit, 60 …… Starting switch, 61 …… Spraying start / stop switch, 62… Shutter control circuit, 64 …… Discharge rate setting dial

Claims (1)

[Scope of utility model registration request] Claim: What is claimed is: 1. A spraying device mounted on a helicopter and used for aerial spraying of granules and the like, comprising: a hopper tank for storing the granules or the like to be sprayed; A discharge amount adjusting means for adjusting the discharge amount, a diffusing means for widely flying the granular material or the like from the discharge amount adjusting means in a lateral direction by a plurality of rotating blades, and a motor for rotationally driving the plurality of rotating blades according to an external control signal. The spraying device is characterized in that the number of rotations of the plurality of rotary vanes is adjustable, and thereby the spraying range is adjustable.