JPH07165481A - Production of compost - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To take advantage of a material which has been through to hardly compost and to enable efficient production of high-quality compost by mixing paper disintegrated into a flaky state with a harvested material of a terrestrial organism, its excretion or a withered plant or a dead body and composting the mixture. CONSTITUTION:Paper disintegrated into a flaky state is mixed with about 10-15 times as much as a harvested material of a terrestrial organism, its excretion or a withered plant or a dead body, adjusted to about 60% water content by blending and the mixture is allowed to stand for 60-90 days and composted. As a preferable condition, the mixture is blended with ammonium sulfate, rice bran, a yeast fungus, water, nitrogen and at least one selected from anaerobic bacteria and aerobic bacteria. Further the mixture is preferably compressed under pressure, pelletized and composed. Preferably the mixture is put in a black container, screened from sunlight and air and composted.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for producing compost, and more particularly to a method for producing compost using defibrated cotton-like paper and land organisms.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, reduction of recycled paper has been actively carried out for the purpose of reusing the paper. In addition to this, the paper is shredded with a shredder and aerobic bacteria and anaerobic bacteria are also used. Attempts have been made to add this to compost (see FIG. 10). However, this composting method has the following problems. (1) When the paper shredded with the shredder is deposited, the ventilation part exists only in the small gaps formed between the pieces of paper, and the paper itself does not have air permeability. Since the air permeability to the inside of the object becomes poor, it is difficult for aerobic bacteria to reproduce. (2) The surface area of the shredded paper piece is the same as the paper before shredding (for example,
It is almost the same as the surface area of newspapers, magazines, etc., and has poor hygroscopicity, so it is difficult to adjust the water content at which anaerobic bacteria act effectively: 60%.

As described above, in the method of composting paper shredded with shredder, it is difficult to compost because it is difficult to be affected by both aerobic bacteria and anaerobic bacteria. Alternatively, there is a method of using a papermaking residue instead of the paper shredded with a shredder, but similarly, it is difficult to compost because of its poor air permeability and hygroscopicity.

In addition to these methods, there is also a method for producing compost by using compost materials such as rice straw, grass and chaff. Such compost materials can be classified into, for example, warm organic matter and cold organic matter according to their properties. The warm organic matter has the property of increasing the temperature of the human body that ingests it, and in plants, for example, deciduous litters such as grass plants and broad-leaved trees, and as animal excrement, for example, horse dung and poultry dung. Can be mentioned. Since these organic substances spontaneously generate heat and corrode when the water content in the body reaches a certain water content, they have been widely used as compost materials. On the other hand, chilled organic matter has the property of lowering the temperature of the human body that ingested it, and wild plants and vegetables that do not have a cavity in the center of the stem or petiole [for example, sweet potato vine, indigo plant] Balls (thickened indigo indigo and hardened), radish leaves, carrot leaves, etc.], and animal excrements include cow dung. These cold organic substances are generally high in water content (especially weeds and vegetation that occur in early spring and harvest season).
For example, (a) when it is used as a feed for livestock, it induces diarrhea; (b) When it is mixed with soil as green manure (a chlorophyll-containing fertilizer), fermentation begins after a long time, and the root of the crop is corroded as the soil temperature decreases. Or, a malignant bacterium is generated, which causes diseases of the crops, which reduces the yield and quality of the crops and adversely affects the crops. Therefore, these are not used as compost and are discarded.
When it corrodes, it gives off a foul odor, which causes pollution.

In order to produce compost using the above-mentioned warm organic matter as the compost material, for example, rice ears and grains are crushed by using a high-temperature crusher of a pressure type, softened, and then composted by a compost maker or the like. The method of making it
reference). The pressure type high temperature crusher used in this method is to crush the compost material by high temperature and mechanical rotation to transform and transform it into a material that is easily decomposed,
(I) Propulsion axis of spiral structure around the center of cylinder; (ii)
Crushed steel divided vertically into eight locations on the inner circumference of the cylinder; (ii
i) A resistance plate attached to a cylindrical discharge port; (iv) A discharge plate having a small diameter provided in the resistance plate. The compost material put into the crusher is forcibly moved into the cylinder by the rotation of the spiral propulsion shaft, and is moved toward the discharge port while being crushed by contacting the crushed steel on the inner surface of the cylinder. Extruded through a small hole. Further, the above-mentioned compost manufacturing apparatus is an apparatus for efficiently manufacturing compost by reusing heat, steam, nitrogen gas, etc. generated during fermentation of the compost material (see Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-873).

However, since the above-mentioned pressure type high temperature pulverizer pulverizes the compost material by applying a mechanically strong force, the decomposed product finally obtained is a powdery substance having a very short fiber length. However, the one that deposits this has poor air permeability to the inside, and the propagation of aerobic bacteria is difficult to occur, so the compost efficiency is poor. Regarding the water content, which is an important condition for composting, if the water content in the compost material is small, simply add water, but if the water content is large, it is difficult to remove the water content. . In order to solve such a problem, a piece of paper shredded by the above-mentioned shredder is used as a water content adjusting agent and for the purpose of increasing the fiber quality of compost. In this case, the air permeability as described above is used. , It takes time to compost due to its hygroscopicity,
Yield decreases.

[0007]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In consideration of the problems of the above conventional composting techniques, the present invention efficiently produces high-quality compost by using a compost material that has been conventionally thought to be difficult to compost. The purpose is to provide a method of doing.

[0008]

[Means for Solving the Problems] In the method for producing compost according to the present invention, defibrated cotton-like paper (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as paper cotton) is used as a harvested product, excrement or The main point is to mix with dead bodies and compost the mixture. In a preferred embodiment, a mixture may be obtained by further adding at least one selected from the group consisting of water, nitrogen, anaerobic bacteria and aerobic bacteria.
In a further preferred embodiment, the mixture may be compressed under pressure and then composted. In composting, it is preferable to put the above mixture in a black container and compost it. Further, depending on the moisture content of the mixture, the moisture of the mixture may be adjusted by automatically supplying the cotton-like paper or moisture to perform composting. The above-mentioned harvested product, excrement or dead body of terrestrial organisms is preferably a cold organic substance. Alternatively, the terrestrial organism is preferably a plant mainly containing chlorophyll.

[0009]

The method of the present invention is characterized in that the paper is defibrated into a cotton shape. Since the paper used in the present invention is thus cotton-like, it has a long fiber length and a large surface area, and thus the deposited one is excellent in water absorption and air permeability. By composting, very high quality compost rich in fiber is produced.

The paper used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and for example, newspapers, telephone directories, magazines, OA waste papers, etc. are used, but papermaking materials such as pulp are also used. In addition, as a method of defibrating the above paper,
For example, the dry defibration device described in Japanese Patent Application No. 5-265895 is used, but not limited to the dry defibration device, a normal defibration device is also used.

The cotton-like paper thus obtained is mixed with the harvest, excrement or carcass of terrestrial organisms. The terrestrial organism used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and for example, not only the above-mentioned warm organic matter, but also cold organic matter can be used. Specifically, as plants, for example, vegetables (radish leaves, carrot leaves, sweet potato vines, etc.), indigo balls, pruned leaves and branches, weeds and vegetation; as animal excrement, for example, Examples include cow faeces, and the dead bodies of these terrestrial organisms (including fallen leaves and twigs for plants). In the following description, a harvested product, excrement or dead body of a terrestrial organism is simply abbreviated as a terrestrial organism.

As a mixing method, any method such as mixing with bare hands; mixing into a plastic bag or container and mixing can be used, and can be appropriately selected according to the total amount of cotton-like paper and terrestrial organisms. . Further, the size of the mixing container can be changed according to the amount of the container. The mixing ratio of cotton-like paper and terrestrial organisms is appropriately determined according to the type of terrestrial organisms used. For example, in the case of indigo balls, the mixing ratio is cotton-like paper: indigo balls = 1: 15. In the case of fallen leaves or branches, it is preferable that cotton-like paper: fallen leaves or branches = 1: 10. The amount of this mixture is just a guideline, and basically, if the cotton-like paper and terrestrial organisms are stirred with a stirring rod or bare hands and a part of them is picked up, water will not drip. Often,
When water drips, it is preferable to add cotton-like paper to absorb water. As described above, it is also one of the features of the present invention that the water content can be adjusted by adjusting the amount of the cotton-like paper to be mixed according to the water content in the terrestrial organism.

In composting the mixture of cotton-like paper and terrestrial organisms, if the mixture is left in a place where it is not exposed to water such as rain, corrosion progresses due to the action of aerobic bacteria existing in the atmosphere. The composting is completed in about 60 to 90 days. FIG. 1 shows a process diagram summarizing these processes.

According to the present invention, good quality compost can be produced by the above steps, but the following steps are included for the purpose of promoting composting and shortening the compost production time. Good. (1) The above cotton-like paper and a mixture of terrestrial organisms,
At least one selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, anaerobic bacteria and aerobic bacteria may be added (see FIG. 2). Specifically, for example, organic nitrogen fertilizer such as ammonium sulfate, rice bran, yeast, etc. may be mixed. (2) The mixture may be further compressed under pressure and then composted. As a method for compressing under pressure, for example, a method of using a pellet manufacturing apparatus as shown in FIG. 3 described later can be mentioned. While being released, the paper is forced to absorb the water and solidified into particles (see FIG. 4). By carrying out such a treatment, the cotton-like paper is forcibly absorbed with water and solidified, so that an environment in which the propagation of bacteria is easily progressed and the composting time can be shortened .

FIG. 3 shows an example of the pellet manufacturing apparatus used in the present invention. This device includes a raw material inlet 1, a casing 2, a screw 3, an electric motor 4, a cutter 5, a discharge hole 6,
It comprises a molding die 7 and a bearing 8. First, the above mixture is put into the raw material inlet 1 and the screw 3 is rotated by the electric motor 4. The mixture receives an axial force due to the rotation of the screw 3, gradually moves forward, and reaches the forming die 7. During this time, the mixture moves through the gap between the screw 3 and the casing 2. The mixture is compressed because the pitch of the screws 3 decreases forward.

The mixture that has reached the molding die 7 is crushed by the cutter 5 that rotates coaxially with the screw 3, and the water in the aquatic organisms flows out. Further, in this portion, the mixture is pressured by the mixture sent from the rear, and the temperature rises to soften the mixture. When the mixture softens to some extent, the discharge hole 6 starts to flow out. Collect the spilled material in a bag or a container such as a bucket and compost it. Through such steps, the outflow of water from aquatic organisms and the absorption of water into the cotton-like paper are positively carried out, and the composting time can be shortened.

(3) Add the above mixture to a black container (for example,
It may be placed in a bag or the like for composting. By putting the mixture in a black container and completely sealing the inlet, sunlight and air are blocked, and the growth of anaerobic bacteria is promoted (see FIG. 5). The composting proceeds even if the above mixture is left alone, but in order to promote the composting, for example, a composting apparatus described in JP-A-5-873 may be used. (4) The water content of the mixture may be automatically adjusted using a personal computer or the like. Preferably, the moisture content of the mixture is adjusted by automatically supplying cotton-like paper or moisture according to the moisture content of the mixture. FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a composting process using a dry defibration device, a pellet manufacturing device, an automatic carrier, a compost manufacturing device, and a personal computer, and FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing a water detection method. . In this method, while promoting composting using a pellet manufacturing device, information on the moisture content of the mixture is sent to a personal computer, and the moisture content is automatically adjusted to obtain the optimum moisture content. There is. This automation process will be described with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7.

First, the mixture is put into a composting apparatus.
The probe 10 of the contact moisture meter 9 is put in the mixture to measure moisture. When the amount of water in the mixture is less than the specified value preset in the personal computer, the variable valve 11 is opened and water is supplied until it reaches the specified value. When the amount of water in the mixture exceeds the specified value, the dry defibration apparatus automatically operates, and the cotton-like paper passes through the duct B and is supplied to the deposition manufacturing apparatus until the specified value is reached. In the case of normal composting, cotton-like paper is supplied through the duct A, but when the moisture content is high, the switching valve supplies the cotton-like paper directly from the duct B. By using this system, unmanned operation in a large-scale compost manufacturing plant is possible, and high-quality compost can be efficiently manufactured.

Since the compost produced through the above-mentioned steps contains a large amount of fibers, the soil hardly hardens and does not hinder the growth of the roots of crops. It can absorb enough energy source to grow crops. As a result, high quality crops can be grown. Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail based on examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and it is all within the technical scope of the present invention to carry out modifications within a range not departing from the gist of the preceding and the following. Included in.

[0020]

【Example】

Example 1 (a) Newspaper defibrated into a cotton shape 100 kg (b) Indigo or sweet potato vine 1,500 kg (c) The above cotton-like paper used for moisture control 20 kg (d) Rice bran 40 kg (e) Ammonium sulphate 10 kg Each of (a) and (b) made into a cotton shape by a dry defibrating device has a diameter of about 1
It mixes in a cylindrical container of m and a height of about 60 cm. Since the mixture of these had a large amount of water to the extent that water dripped, (c) was further added to adjust the water content, and (d) and (e) were added to promote composting. This mixture was left for 60 days to produce compost (see FIG. 8).

Example 2 (a) Newspaper defibrated into cotton-like shape 100 kg (b) Blue or sweet potato vine 1,500 kg (c) The above-mentioned cotton-like paper used for moisture control 20 kg ( d) Rice bran 40 kg (e) Ammonium sulfate 10 kg Treated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a step of pressurizing and compressing the mixture in a pellet manufacturing apparatus was added after adding (c) in Example 1, and allowed to stand for 45 days. By doing so, compost was produced (see FIG. 9). It was found that the addition of the pressure compression treatment promotes composting.

Example 3 (a) A defibrated newspaper was made into a cotton shape 100 kg (b) Pruned leaves and branches 1,000 kg (c) Rice bran 40 kg (d) Ammonium sulfate 10 kg In Example 1, (b) The indigo balls or sweet potato vines of Example 1 were treated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the pruned leaves and branches were replaced, and left for 60 days to produce a compost.

Example 4 (a) Newspaper defibrated to be cotton-like 100 kg (b) Pruned leaves and branches 1,000 kg (c) The above-mentioned cotton-like paper used for moisture control 20 kg (d) ) Rice bran 40 kg (e) Ammonium sulfate 10 kg These mixtures were treated in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the indigo balls or sweet potato vines of (b) were replaced with pruned leaves and branches. Then, by going through the automated treatment process shown in FIG. 6, a good quality compost was produced after 60 days. In this example, since the amount of precipitation during the compost manufacturing period was abnormally high and the humidity inside the manufacturing apparatus was high, the moisture content was slightly increased, and (c) was added.

Example 5 (a) Paper defibrated by defibrating newspaper 100 kg (b) Sweet potato vine 1,000 kg (c) Rice bran 40 kg (d) Ammonium sulfate 10 kg In Example 2 (b) indigo The treatment was carried out in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the beads or sweet potato vines were replaced with sweet potato vines. Furthermore, when these mixtures were mixed in a black bag, completely sealed and made into compost, high quality compost was produced in about 1/3 of the period (20 days) as compared with Examples 1, 3 and 4. . The composts obtained in Examples 1 to 5 above are all excellent fertilizers for cultivating vegetables such as eggplant and watermelon.

[0025]

Since the method of the present invention is constructed as described above, the following effects can be obtained. (1) Since the paper is defibrated and used, the produced compost contains a large amount of fibers and is of high quality. (2) Since what was conventionally discarded because it is difficult to compost can be used as a compost material, it is possible to manufacture good quality compost at low cost. (3) By performing the pellet manufacturing apparatus, the compost manufacturing apparatus, the automatic adjustment of water content, the addition of the nutrient source, etc., the compost manufacturing process can be further simplified and the compost manufacturing time can be further shortened. (4) It is possible to generate compost containing a large amount of chlorophyll.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a process drawing showing a manufacturing process of compost of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a process drawing showing another manufacturing process of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing an example of a pellet manufacturing apparatus used in the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a process drawing showing another manufacturing process of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a process drawing showing another manufacturing process of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing an example of an automation system used in the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing a moisture detection method used in the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a process diagram showing a compost manufacturing process of Example 1.

FIG. 9 is a process diagram showing a compost manufacturing process of Example 2.

FIG. 10 is a process drawing showing a compost manufacturing process using a conventional shredder.

FIG. 11 is a process diagram showing a conventional process for producing compost using a warm organic substance.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Raw Material Input Port 2 Casing 3 Screw 4 Electric Motor 5 Cutter 6 Discharge Hole 7 Molding Die 8 Bearing 9 Contact Moisture Meter 10 Probe 11 Variable Valve

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. A method for producing compost, which comprises mixing defibrated and cotton-like paper with a harvested product, excrement or dead body of terrestrial organisms and composting the mixture. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein at least one selected from the group consisting of water, nitrogen, anaerobic bacteria and aerobic bacteria is added to obtain a mixture. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the mixture is compressed under pressure and then composted. 4. The manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein the mixture is put in a black container and composted. 5. The production method according to claim 1, wherein the water content of the mixture is adjusted by automatically supplying the cotton-like paper or water content in accordance with the water content of the mixture. . 6. The production method according to claim 1, wherein the harvested product, excrement or dead body of the terrestrial organism is a cold organic substance. 7. The production method according to claim 1, wherein the terrestrial organism is a plant mainly containing chlorophyll.