JPH07155858A - Working method and device for composite material by detonation pressure - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To work a composite material by a heavy impact pressure by detonation, to accurately, easily and inexpensively work the composite material by fully or partially superposing flat blanks and to produce a composite material product by using another flat plate blanks. CONSTITUTION:The plural plate materials P to be worked are set in a metal mold 16. A closed annular space 21 and the space between the metal mold 16 and the plate materials P are evacuated to a vacuum and positioned by a vacuum pump device 17. Detonation arises when an ignition plug 5 is actuated by an ignition device b after the above evacuation. The flames thereof are propagated through a dispersion chamber 3 and an induction path 2 to the top end 1A of a combustion chamber 1. The flames progress from the top end 1A to the bottom end 1B in the combustion chamber 1 and the pressure thereof rises to a high pressure at the bottom end IB. This high pressure is propagated to a pressure medium and the plural plate materials P are pressurized at an equal pressure with respect to the metal mold 16 in a working chamber 13 via a film member, by which molding is executed.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method of processing a composite material by detonation capable of easily obtaining a high impact pressure or elastic pressure, and a processing apparatus therefor.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, functional composite materials have been developed for the purpose of sound proofing and vibration proofing. Typical examples are vibration damping steel plates and laminated steel plates. When these composite materials are processed by a conventional press machine, good lamination upper body cannot be maintained due to peeling of the lamination boundary surface, sufficient vibration damping performance cannot be obtained, and shape defects such as wrinkles easily occur. There is a problem.

On the other hand, in a process such as a hydraulic press in which a work pressure is applied to a work piece, the work piece is in an overhanging deformed state, so that wrinkles and displacement between laminated materials are less likely to occur. As the liquid pressure increases, the adhesion between the laminated materials increases.

However, since the pressure level of a hydraulic press is generally about 150 to 200 kgf / cm ² , there is a problem in that the pressure is somewhat insufficient and it takes time to process. Of course, the maximum pressure is 2000 kg even for a hydraulic press like a flex forming device.
Some can reach up to f / cm ^2, but they are very expensive.

Therefore, it is conceivable to process a plate material or the like, one surface of which is supported by a mold, by applying hydraulic pressure to the other surface. It is desirable that the processing by this method is performed by applying an extremely high pressure for a short time. An impact pressure generation technique is known as a process for applying an extremely high pressure for a short time.

For example, a bullet is driven into a liquid such as water for pressurization to generate an impact hydraulic pressure in the liquid, the pressure is applied to a member such as a plate material, and this member is pressed against a mold to form a three-dimensional shape. The technique of molding is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 01-157725. There is also a technique of generating an impact hydraulic pressure by causing a piston accelerated at high speed by gas pressure or the like to collide with the liquid surface of a pressurizing liquid contained in a container.

However, the conventional impact pressure generating method described above has the following problems. (1) The shape or size of the hydraulic chamber needs to be determined in consideration of the behavior of the energy source (explosive or high-speed projectile),
The degree of freedom is quite small. (2) The duration of pressure is long, and the impact pressure is applied simultaneously over a relatively wide range in the hydraulic chamber. (3) Since it is dangerous, it is necessary to consider restrictions on the installation location and safety. (4) In addition to the common problems described above, there are unique problems.

Therefore, as a solution to these problems, the applicant proposed a molding apparatus by detonation hydraulic pressure disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 04-371327. In this device, the combustion chamber has a conical shape, the cross-sectional area is set to gradually decrease from one end as the flame progresses, and the hydraulic chamber faces the opening at the other end. As the flame in the combustion chamber progresses, the cross-sectional area of the combustion chamber becomes smaller, so the pressure rises, and the pressure at the other end becomes extremely high. This high pressure is transmitted to the liquid in the hydraulic chamber and converted into hydraulic pressure. Then, the molding die is arranged facing the hydraulic chamber, and the material to be molded placed on the molding die is pressed against the molding die by hydraulic pressure. The liquid pressure chamber may be an elastic pressure chamber containing a rubber-like elastic body instead of the liquid.

[0009]

However, when the composite material is processed using the above-mentioned apparatus, the inside of the material (voids formed at the interface of a plurality of flat plate-shaped materials to be stacked) cannot be evacuated, so that the residual material remains. Due to the influence of air, the efficiency of transmission of impact energy between a plurality of flat plate materials and the processing accuracy are reduced. Further, when stacking and processing different flat plate-shaped materials having different dimensions, it is not possible to perform the processing accurately because the positioning of each material and the molding die is impossible.

On the other hand, when the flat plate-shaped materials are stacked and pressed, for example, wrinkles and cracks are generated due to the non-uniformity of strain in the materials, and in order to put them into practical use, the material of the composite material is changed. There are many restrictions and it is necessary to devise a two-step press molding. Further, when a product is manufactured from a uniform composite material and a required portion is subjected to secondary processing, for example, welding processing, it is difficult to weld with a normal resin sandwiched inside.

The present invention solves the problems associated with the method and apparatus of the prior art, allows the composite material to be processed accurately, easily and inexpensively, and also uses another flat plate-shaped material to manufacture the composite material. An object of the present invention is to provide a method and an apparatus for processing a composite material by detonation capable of producing a product.

[0012]

According to the present invention, the above-mentioned object is, as a method of processing a composite material, to converge a detonation wave generated by igniting a combustible air-fuel mixture in a combustion chamber with its progress, The high pressure obtained at the converging part is transmitted to a pressure medium composed of a liquid or an elastic body directly or through a replaceable membrane body to convert it into a hydraulic pressure or an elastic pressure, and the liquid pressure or the elastic pressure is used to directly or through the membrane body. In a detonation processing method in which a processing member is pressed into a molding die, the member to be processed is made of a plurality of flat plate-shaped materials of different materials, and the plurality of flat plate-shaped materials are overlapped and arranged at a processing position to integrally perform processing. It is achieved by

Further, regarding an apparatus for carrying out the above method, a combustion chamber whose cross-sectional area decreases from one end to the other end, an ignition chamber in which fuel is supplied and an ignition plug is arranged, and an ignition chamber. A plurality of guide paths having the same path length and branching from and communicating with one end of the combustion chamber, and a liquid or elastic body connected to the opening of the other end which is the minimum passage cross-sectional area of the combustion chamber. A detonation accommodating a pressure chamber accommodated therein and a molding chamber communicating with the pressure chamber, in which a molding die for supporting a member to be molded which is directly or indirectly pressured through the film body is accommodated This is achieved by forming a space for accommodating the peripheral edge of the member to be processed in the holder of the processing member and providing a vacuuming device communicating with the space in the forming device.

Furthermore, a combustion chamber having a smaller cross-sectional area from one end to the other end, an ignition chamber in which a spark plug is arranged for receiving fuel supply, and one end of the combustion chamber branching from the ignition chamber and extending. A plurality of guide passages having the same path length communicating with the pressure chamber, a pressure chamber connected to the opening of the other end which is the minimum passage cross-sectional area of the combustion chamber, and containing a liquid or an elastic body inside, and the pressure chamber. In a molding apparatus by detonation, which includes a molding chamber communicating with the molding chamber, in which a molding die for supporting a member to be molded which receives pressure directly through the film body is housed This is achieved by providing a positioning device having a retractable positioning piece that comes into contact with the side end surfaces of a predetermined flat plate material forming both outer surfaces and moves the flat plate material to a set position.

[0015]

In the present invention having such a structure, first, the composite material or a plurality of flat plate-shaped materials are positioned at predetermined positions, and then the materials are evacuated. Then, bring the positioning piece of the positioning device into contact with the peripheral edge of the flat plate-shaped material,
These are positioned. At that time, when the sandwiched flat plate material has a shape different from that of the flat plate material forming the outer surface, the positioning piece of the positioning device is inserted to determine the position.

The pressure obtained by the detonation is converged into a high-pressure impact pressure, propagated to the pressure chamber, and reaches the workpiece through the pressure medium. The stacked members to be processed, which are made of a plurality of flat plate-shaped materials, are subjected to the high-pressure impact pressure and are pressed by a molding die to be subjected to predetermined processing.

[0017]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional view of an apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is an enlarged vertical sectional view showing a holding portion of a member to be processed. The apparatus according to the present embodiment has a combustion chamber 1, which has an inverted conical shape that narrows downward. The cross-sectional area of the cross section is maximum at the upper end 1A and minimum at the lower end 1B, and converges. To form a part.

The inner wall of the upper end 1A of the combustion chamber 1 is curved slightly upward, and a plurality of hole-shaped guide passages 2 communicate therewith. The plurality of guide paths 2 are converged at the upper side into a disk-shaped dispersion chamber 3. The dispersion chamber 3 is connected to an ignition chamber 4 extending upward. An ignition plug 5 that is operated by an ignition device 6 is provided above the ignition chamber 4, and a fuel supply source 9 and an oxidant supply source 10 are connected via flowmeters 7 and 8, respectively. . In addition, 11 is a pressure gauge for confirming the pressure in the ignition chamber 4.

An upper end portion 1B of the combustion chamber 1 is opened, a pressure chamber 12 is connected to the upper end portion 1B, and a working chamber 13 for using impact pressure is provided immediately below the pressure chamber 12. A liquid such as water as a pressure medium or an elastic body is housed in the pressure chamber 12, and a viscoplastic body 19 is housed in a surface in contact with a plurality of plate materials P forming a composite material as a member to be processed. However, the upper end surface of the pressure medium may directly face the lower end portion 1B of the combustion chamber 1 as shown in the drawing, or the interface may be formed by a tough and deformable film body.

A pipe 14 for venting air is connected to the pressure chamber 12 via a valve, and a liquid supply device 15 such as water for hydraulic pressure is connected via a valve. Inside the processing chamber 13,
The mold 16 is housed in a replaceable manner. The processing room 13
Holds a peripheral edge of a plurality of plate materials P as the composite material to be processed between the pressure chamber 12 and the flanges 12A and 13A, for example.

As shown in FIG. 2, the holding portion holds the plurality of plate members P (P _1, P _2, P ₃ ) in a state where the flanges 12A, 13A are sealed by a seal ring 23 or the like. It is supposed to do. Both flanges 12A, 13A
Annular grooves 21A and 21B are formed on the opposing surfaces of
These form the closed annular space 21. The peripheral edges of the plurality of plate members P are housed in the closed annular space 21.

The closed annular space 21 is provided with holes 22 for vacuuming at appropriate places in the circumferential direction and is connected to the vacuum pump 17. As shown in FIG. 1, the vacuum pump 17 is also connected to the processing chamber 13 so as to pass through the mold 16 so that the upper space thereof is also evacuated. The vacuum pump 17 is also connected to the described ignition chamber 4.

High-pressure liquid pressure or elastic pressure is generated by the apparatus of this embodiment, and processing using this is performed as follows. First, the plate material P to be processed is set on the die 16. Next, the vacuum pump device 17 brings the ignition chamber 4, the dispersion chamber 3, the guide passage 2, and the combustion chamber 1 to a predetermined vacuum degree. At the same time, the closed annular space 21 and the space between the mold 16 and the plate P are also sucked so as to have a predetermined degree of vacuum. When the closed annular space 21 is evacuated _, the air in the gaps between the plurality of plate members P _1, P _{2 and} P ₃ is sucked from the peripheral edge, and the degree of close contact between the plate members is increased.

Thereafter, the pressure chamber 12 is filled with a liquid or an elastic body as a pressure medium, and in the ignition chamber 4, the dispersion chamber 3, the guide passage 2 and the combustion chamber 1, a combustible gas having a substantially theoretical mixing ratio is filled. , A fuel supply source 9, and an oxidant supply source 10. After such setting is completed, the ignition device 6 operates the spark plug 5. Detonation occurs due to ignition in the ignition chamber 4, and the flame is propagated to the upper end 1A of the combustion chamber 1 via the dispersion chamber 3 and the guide passage 2. At this time, since the path lengths of the plurality of guideways 2 are set to be equal to each other, the flames of the plurality of guideways 2 simultaneously reach the upper end portion 1A.

In the combustion chamber 1, the flame progresses from the upper end portion 1A to the lower end portion 1B, but since the cross-sectional area of the combustion chamber 1 gradually decreases downward, its pressure rises and at the lower end portion 1B. It becomes extremely high pressure. At the opening of the lower end 1B of the combustion chamber 1, the pressure chamber 1
Since the upper end surface of the pressure medium in 2 faces, the high pressure is propagated to the pressure medium, and a plurality of plate materials P overlapping with each other through the film body or directly with respect to the die 16 in the processing chamber 13 Then, the molding process is performed by applying equal pressure. After that, the plate material as a molded product is taken out and the above steps 1 to 3 are repeated, so that molding can be performed one after another.

Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The present embodiment is characterized in that a plurality of plate members P _1, P _2, P ₃ can be positioned. Pressure chamber 12 of the present embodiment
And flange 12A of the processing chamber 13, 13A is the plate P _1, P _2, P ₃ is adapted to hold clamping, for example, in the circumferential direction of the appropriate positions of the flange 13A, the peripheral edge of the plate Positioning pins (positioning pieces) 31 facing each other are provided so as to be retractable. The positioning pin 31 has a flange 13
It is driven in and out by a drive device such as a cylinder 32 attached to the outer surface of A. In this way, the positioning pin 3
1, the side end surface of the plate material is the flange 12A, 13
It is pushed radially into place before clamping A.

The plate materials P _1, P _2, P ₃ forming the composite material P may have different shapes and dimensions. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, the plate material P ₂ sandwiched may be small and may have to enter the inside of the radius. In this embodiment, it is possible to provide a positioning device for that purpose. In FIG. 4, additional flanges 13B are provided on the flange 13A, for example, at appropriate plural positions in the circumferential direction different from the positioning pins 31 shown in FIG. 3, and a plate-shaped positioning driven by a cylinder 33 attached here is provided. The piece 34 is adapted to come into contact with the side end surface of the sandwiched plate material P ₂ .

By setting the stroke of the positioning piece 34, the positioning piece 34 enters between the two plate members P _{1 and} P ₃ forming the outer surface and moves the plate member P ₂ to a predetermined position. At that time, the plate materials P _{1 and} P _{3 which} are the outer surfaces are
Since it is already formed by the positioning pin 31, it does not move from the predetermined position as the plate material P ₂ moves.

Further, the positioning device of this embodiment can be combined with the device of the embodiment which performs vacuuming in the closed annular space. At this time, the closed annular space may be formed by dividing the closed annular space at a plurality of positions in the circumferential direction, and the positioning device may be provided therein.

FIG. 5A shows a plate-like laminated material p _{4 in} which a polyethylene sheet p ₂ having a thickness of 0.05 mm is sandwiched between _two steel plates p ₁ and p _{3 having} a thickness of 0.4 mm. A detonation pressure is propagated from the plate-shaped laminated material p ₄ to the rubber pressure medium G as shown in FIG. 5 (b), and the laminated material p ₄ is pressed against the mold 16 to form a composite having vibration damping properties. When molding the material, the molded composite material, such as an oil pan, is welded and joined to other members in a later step.
The size of the polyethylene sheet p ₂ is the outer steel plate p ₁
And smaller than the size of the p _3, the peripheral portion of the composite material after molding with only steel, polyethylene sheet p ₂
Must be wrapped in steel plates p ₁ and p ₃ . When performing such processing, an ideal composite material can be processed by using a positioning device as shown in FIG.

Next, a third embodiment device of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. Since this device has some parts in common with the device used in the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1, common parts are given the same reference numerals in FIG. 6 and their explanations are omitted.

In the present embodiment, the combustion chamber 1'is formed in a horizontal shape that expands in the radial direction. The combustion chamber 1'has a shape in which its cross-sectional area decreases toward the center due to the upper wall surface of a part of a substantially spherical surface which bulges downward. On the upper wall,
An appropriate number of grooves 1'C directed toward the center are radially formed, and the combustion chamber 1'communicates with the pressure chamber 12 at the central portion.

This device is convenient when used in places where the height of the device cannot be increased. The operation is similar to that of the first embodiment, and after the flame reaches the peripheral portion 1'A which is one end portion of the combustion chamber 1'from the guide passage 2, the central portion 1'which is the other end portion. Proceed toward B. At that time, the pressure becomes extremely high as the cross-sectional area decreases. And
The high pressure is propagated to the pressure medium in the pressure chamber 12, and the plate material P is pressed against the molding die 16 in the processing chamber 13 for processing.

[0034]

As described above, according to the present invention, since the composite material is processed and the flat plate-shaped material is entirely or partially overlapped by the high impact pressure caused by the detonation, the method is The time required for processing is greatly shortened, cost can be reduced, and in the device, it is possible to perform vacuuming or positioning on the plate material holding part, improving processing accuracy and reducing required energy. The device can be simplified and the device can be simplified.

Further, according to the method of the present invention, the processing can be carried out at a lower cost than the conventional method, and the level of the impact pressure depends on the initial filling gas pressure of the detonator. In addition, the pressure controllability is excellent, and it is possible to obtain an effect that suitable processing conditions can be easily set according to the size and shape of the composite material.

On the other hand, according to the method of the present invention, since it is possible to manufacture a product of the partial composite material, it is possible to improve the rigidity of a necessary portion (the sectional modulus can be increased with a slight increase in weight), and It is also possible to obtain an effect that secondary processing other than the laminated portion of resin or the like, for example, welding can be performed.

Further, according to the device of the present invention, since explosives are not used unlike the conventional bullet driving type or explosive type,
It will be a device that is not restricted by settings, and if a method of transmitting a pressure wave to the composite material through the film body is adopted, handling of the composite material etc. will be easy and continuous processing will be possible. It also has an effect of being able to be diverted to a mass production system.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a first embodiment device of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing a holding portion of a processing member of the first embodiment device.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing the main parts of the second embodiment device.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing another main part of the second embodiment device.

5A and 5B are explanatory views in the case of processing a composite material from laminated plate materials having different shapes and dimensions, FIG. 5A is a sectional view of the laminated plate material, and FIG. 5B is a sectional view showing a state in which the laminated plate material is formed and processed. It is a figure.

FIG. 6 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a third embodiment device.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Combustion chamber 1A One end of combustion chamber 1B Other end of combustion chamber 2 Guideway 4 Ignition chamber 5 Spark plug 12 Pressure chamber 13 Processing chamber 16 Mold 21 Closed annular space 31, 32 Positioning device 33, 34 Positioning device P P Covered Processing member

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A detonation wave generated by igniting a combustible air-fuel mixture in a combustion chamber is converged with its progress, and the high pressure obtained at the converging portion is directly or from a liquid or an elastic body through a replaceable membrane. In the working method by detonation, which is transmitted to a pressure medium to be converted into hydraulic pressure or elastic pressure, and by pressing the processing member to the molding die through the film body by the hydraulic pressure or elastic pressure or directly, A method of processing a composite material by detonation, which comprises a plurality of flat-plate-shaped materials having different materials, and the plurality of flat-plate-shaped materials are stacked and arranged at a processing position and integrally processed to form a composite material. 2. The method of processing a composite material by detonation according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of flat plate-shaped materials have a shape in which the material sandwiched inside has a shape different from that of the material forming the outer surface. 3. A combustion chamber having a smaller cross-sectional area from one end to the other end, an ignition chamber in which a spark plug is arranged for receiving a fuel supply, and one end of the combustion chamber branching from the ignition chamber and extending. A plurality of guide passages having the same path length, a pressure chamber connected to the opening at the other end of the combustion chamber, which is the minimum passage cross-sectional area, and containing a liquid or an elastic body inside, and communicating with the pressure chamber. In the molding apparatus by the detonation in which a molding die for supporting a member to be molded which receives pressure directly through the film body is housed in the molding chamber, An apparatus for processing a composite material by detonation, characterized by forming a space for accommodating a peripheral portion of a member to be processed and providing a vacuuming device communicating with the space. 4. A combustion chamber having a cross-sectional area that decreases from one end to the other end, an ignition chamber in which a spark plug is arranged for receiving fuel supply, and one end of the combustion chamber branching from the ignition chamber and extending. A plurality of guide passages having the same path length, a pressure chamber connected to the opening at the other end of the combustion chamber, which is the minimum passage cross-sectional area, and containing a liquid or an elastic body inside, and communicating with the pressure chamber. In the molding apparatus by the detonation in which a molding die for supporting a member to be molded which receives pressure directly through the film body is housed in the molding chamber, Detonation compound, comprising a positioning device having a retractable positioning piece for abutting the side end faces of a predetermined flat material forming both outer surfaces to move the flat material to a set position Material processing equipment.