JPH07150787A - Multistory parking garage - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To prevent a pallet from swinging back and forth and right and left to increase the stability, efficiently drain rain water or water after car washing so as to prevent rusting of the base of posts and pallets, and eliminate extreme positional deviation of vehicles on the ground floor. CONSTITUTION:In a multistory parking lot in which two sets of suspending type multistory parking garages are arranged adjacently posts are not erected on the ground floor between the adjacent multistory parking garages. And guide rails 18 for guiding an upper stage pallet P1 during lifting and lowering it are installed at two right and left outside positions in front and rear of the adjacent multistory parking garages and also guide rollers 19 are installed at two front and rear positions on the outside of the upper stage pallet P1 in both multistory parking garages. The guide rollers 19 are engaged with the slide grooves of guide rails 18 so as to slide vertically so that the upper stage pallet P1 does not swing back and forth and right and left during its lifting or lowering.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an improvement of a multi-stage multi-storey parking facility, and more particularly to a multi-stage multi-storey parking facility of a type in which at least two multi-storey parking devices are adjacently arranged on the left and right sides with the vehicle entry / exit sides facing the same direction. In regards to pallet shaking countermeasures and drainage countermeasures.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As a multi-tiered multi-level parking facility of a type in which a plurality of pallet-hanging multi-level parking devices are provided adjacent to each other, the applicant of the present invention has disclosed, for example, Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 64-4992. By not providing a plurality of columns that form a device frame to which each three-dimensional parking device is assembled as a framework between adjacent three-dimensional parking devices, a frontage of the entrance / exit opening is secured widely in the entire lateral direction of the device frame. We have applied for a product that allows smooth entry and exit of vehicles and people at the entrance and exit.

In this multi-tiered multi-story parking facility, two front and rear struts on the left and right sides when viewed from the entrance / exit side of adjacent multi-story parking systems are made of I-shaped steel, and the struts are extended to the left and right of each strut. By engaging each of the two guide rollers provided on the pallet side with the overhanging portion, each of the above guide rollers slides vertically along the overhanging portion of each column when the pallet moves up and down, and when the pallet moves up and down. It is designed to support stably so as not to shake.

Further, as described above, in the multi-tiered multi-level parking facility, the floor surface, which is the vehicle entry surface on which the bottom pallet directly contacts the ground, is generally formed as a horizontal surface.

[0005]

However, in the above-mentioned multi-tiered multi-level parking facility, although the guide rollers on the pallet side are engaged with the pillars to prevent the roll, the roll is prevented from rolling. There was only one direction in the front-back direction when viewed from the side, and there was room for improvement because it was difficult to sway in the left-right direction when viewed from the entrance / exit entrance side.

Further, if the floor surface which is the vehicle entry surface is formed on a horizontal surface, the drainage is bad, and when it is installed outdoors, rainwater may be collected and rust may be generated on the base of the pillar or the pallet. Some measure is desired.

The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and an object of the present invention is to provide an adjoining installation in which a pillar is not provided between the adjacent three-dimensional parking devices and a wide entrance / exit opening is secured as described above. In a multi-level multi-story parking facility of the type, by properly setting the engagement relationship between the engaging means such as the guide roller provided on the pallet side and the guide means such as the guide rails on the side of the pallet side The aim is to further stabilize the support condition by preventing it from swinging in the left and right directions. In addition, by providing a drainage groove in the back of the vehicle entry surface and devising the inclination of the vehicle entry surface, rainwater and water after car wash are guided to the drainage groove side along the inclined surface, and drainage is well done. The purpose is to prevent the base of the columns and the pallet from rusting. Further, the movement of the vehicle moving along the inclined surface is regulated by the drainage groove so as to eliminate a large displacement of the vehicle with respect to the lowermost storage portion.

[0008]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention hangs a vehicle-mounted pallet so that the pallet can be moved up and down, and hangs and supports the pallet above the vehicle entry surface while the vehicle is stored. At the time of loading and unloading, at least two multi-story parking systems in which the above pallets are grounded to the vehicle entry surface are provided next to each other on the left and right with the vehicle entry and exit sides facing the same direction. A solution was taken.

That is, the first solution means of the present invention is that, when viewed from the entrance / exit side of the adjoining three-dimensional parking apparatus, a plurality of columns that form a frame of the apparatus frame to which each of the three-dimensional parking apparatuses is assembled are framed. It is provided on the outside on the left and right, but not on the ground floor side between adjacent multilevel parking devices. Further, guide means for guiding the pallet at the time of elevating and lowering are provided on the left and right outer sides of the adjacent three-dimensional parking devices while the pallet is elevating and lowering at two positions on the outer side of each pallet in the compatible parking device. It is characterized in that engaging means for engaging with the guide means and sliding in the vertical direction is provided so as not to sway in the front-back and left-right directions.

According to a second solving means of the present invention, in the first solving means, a guide rail having sliding grooves extending in the vertical direction is adopted as the guide means at two front and rear positions. The sliding grooves are provided so as to face each other in the front-rear direction. Further, guide rollers that slide on both side walls and bottom walls of the sliding grooves of the guide rails are used as engaging means at two front and rear positions.

According to a third solving means of the present invention, in the first solving means, the pallet is placed at a position deep from the loading / unloading port of the vehicle entry surface at a position where the wheels are stopped in the vehicle entry state. A drainage groove extending in a direction orthogonal to the shipping direction is provided as a recess. Further, the vehicle entry surface is inclined forward and downward from both sides toward the drainage groove.

[0012]

With the above construction, in the first and second solving means of the present invention, when the pallets are lifted and lowered, engaging means (guides) provided at two front and rear positions on the outer side of each pallet in the adjacent three-dimensional parking apparatus. The rollers engage with guide means (sliding grooves of guide rails) provided at two positions on the left and right outer sides of the compatible parking device in opposite directions from the front-rear direction and slide in the vertical direction. The swaying of each pallet in the front, rear, left, and right directions is regulated by the engaging action of the guide rollers on both side walls and the bottom wall of the sliding groove, and each pallet is stable without swaying in the front, rear, left, and right directions. Then go up and down.

According to a third solution of the present invention, when a vehicle enters a vehicle entry surface on which each pallet is in contact with ground, rainwater, water falling from a wet car body due to car wash, etc. is at the back of the loading / unloading port and at the back of the vehicle. In the riding state, the wheels flow from both sides along the slope of the vehicle entry surface toward the drainage groove recessed at the position where the wheels stop, and are collected in the drainage groove. When the facility is installed outdoors, rainwater is similarly collected in the drainage channel even when no vehicle is in the vehicle.

Further, at the time of loading and unloading of the lowermost pallet, the lowermost pallet is in contact with the inclined vehicle entrance surface and tilts forward and downward toward the rear of the vehicle entrance surface,
On the other hand, when loading and unloading pallets other than the pallet at the bottom, the target pallet, together with the pallet below it, tilts forward and downward toward the inner part of the vehicle entry surface, and the water falling from the vehicle body follows the pallet inclination along the vehicle entry surface. After being discharged into the drain, it is collected in the drainage groove as described above.

As a result, water such as rainwater does not collect on the vehicle entry surface, drainage is improved, and the base of the column and the pallet do not rust.

Further, when the vehicle is directly stored in the lowermost storage section (ground floor), that is, the vehicle entry surface, the vehicle may move to the back of the vehicle entry surface along the inclination of the vehicle entry surface. However, the wheels of the moving vehicle are engaged with the drainage grooves and the vehicle does not move any further, and the vehicle is stored without being significantly displaced.

[0017]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIGS. 1 and 2 show a pallet-hanging multi-stage multi-storey parking facility A according to an embodiment of the present invention. The multi-storey parking facility A includes two multi-storey parking apparatuses B and B on a vehicle entry / exit side. (Left side in FIG. 2) are arranged side by side in the same direction on the left and right sides. The multi-storey parking facility A includes four columns 2, which are erected at a predetermined interval on the ground 1 which is a vehicle entry surface.
2, ..., a plurality of beams 3, 3, ... Connecting the upper end and the middle of each of the columns 2 to the front, rear, left, and right, and the columns 2 and 2 on the loading / unloading port side and on the back side facing the loading / unloading port side. The intermediate column 2 ′, 2 ′ connected between the upper and lower beams 3, 3 is provided with a device frame body 4 that is configured as a frame.
The above-mentioned two multi-story parking devices B and B are installed in two areas which are divided into left and right with ′ ′ and 2 ′ as boundaries, and the device frame 4 is provided.
Each parking device B is attached to the. The device frame 4 is reinforced by a plurality of braces 5, 5, ... Which connect the upper and lower beams 3, 3 in a W shape on both left and right sides and a V shape on both front and rear sides.

Then, as shown in FIG.
Are erected one by one on the left and right outside as seen from the entrance / exit of the adjacent multi-story parking devices B, B, but below the intermediate pillar 2'between the multi-story parking devices B, B adjacent to each other. It is not erected on the ground floor side. In other words, the middle pillar 2'is only on the upper stage side and is not erected on the ground floor side. Therefore, the frontage of the entrance / exit can be widened in the entire left-right direction of the device frame 4, and the entrance / exit of the vehicle C and the entrance / exit of a person can be smoothly performed without being disturbed by the support column 2. In this frame structure, the device frame 4 has a ramen structure on the ground floor side,
The upper stage side has a steel frame structure rigidly joined to the brace structure.

One pulley 6 is provided on the entrance / exit side (left side in FIG. 2) of the upper beams 3, 3 extending in the front-rear direction corresponding to each area of the device frame 4, and immediately behind and at the rear end thereof. Another pulley 7 is attached to each one. Also,
In the middle of the column 2 on the loading / unloading port side, a drum 8 that is wound up / rewound by forward / reverse driving of a lifting motor (not shown) is attached.

On the other hand, in each area of the device frame 4, an upper pallet P1 and a lower pallet P2, which are mounted on a vehicle C and moved up and down, are arranged in two upper and lower tiers.
Other pulleys 9, 9, ... Are attached to the four corners of the.

The pulley 6 and the pulley 7 immediately after it.
And a pulley 9 on the front end side (the left side in FIG. 2) of the upper pallet P1.
A lifting wire 10 is wound around the pulley 6, and another pulley wire 10 is also attached to the pulley 6, the pulley 7 near the rear end, and the pulley 9 on the rear end side (the right side in FIG. 2) of the upper pallet P1. Is wound around, and the drum 8 is wound up and rewound by the forward and reverse rotation drive of the lifting motor, whereby the lifting wires 10 are synchronously wound up or unwound, and the upper pallet P1 is moved up and down. Has been done. Therefore, the pulleys 6, 7,
A lifting device 11 for lifting and lowering the upper pallet P1 is constituted by the drum 9, the lifting wire 10 and the lifting wire 10.

Four hanging wires 12, 12, ... Extending in the vertical direction are respectively laid around the four corners of the upper and lower pallets P1, P2 which are vertically adjacent to each other.
Specifically, as shown in enlarged detail in FIGS. 3 and 5, plate members 13, 13 ... Having U-shaped grooves 13a are provided at the four corners of the upper pallet P1 so as to project therefrom. Groove 1
The suspension wires 12 are slidably fitted into the 3a, while shafts 14 are provided at the four corners of the lower pallet P2 so as to project, as shown in enlarged detail in FIGS. 4 and 6. The lower end of each suspension wire 12 is connected to the four corners of the lower pallet P2 by a connecting tool 15 and the bracket 14. 3 is the upper pallet P1 of the parking apparatus B on the left side in FIG. 1, FIG. 4 is the lower pallet P2 of the parking apparatus B on the left side in FIG. 1, and FIG. 5 is the upper pallet P1 of the parking apparatus B on the right side in FIG. FIG. 4 shows the lower pallet P2 of the parking device B on the right side in FIG.

Further, a stopper 16 for preventing the suspension wires 12 from coming out of the upper pallet P1 is attached near the upper end of each suspension wire 12, and the plate member 13 of the upper pallet P1 is attached to the stopper 16. In the abutting state, the upper pallet P1 and the lower pallet P2 are held at a predetermined interval. That is, the lower pallet P2 is suspended from the upper pallet P1 and moved up and down together with the upper pallet P1.

Further, a guide member 17 is attached to the upper end of each hanging wire 12, and each elevating wire 10 of the elevating device 11 is movably inserted through one end of the guide member 17 so that each hoisting wire 12 is suspended. The lowering wire 12 is configured to be guided along each lifting wire 10.

Then, the upper and lower pallets P1
, P2 are lifted together to hold a predetermined distance in the vertical direction while the vehicle C is stored, and the lower pallet P2
The vehicle C is also stored in the lower ground 1, and a total of three vehicles C,
C and C are stored in each of the three-dimensional parking apparatus B. Note that FIG. 2 shows a state in which one vehicle C is stored only on the ground floor, which is the lowest stage.

Further, at two front and rear positions near the columns 2 and 2 on the left and right outer sides of the adjacent multi-story parking apparatuses B, B, I as guide means for guiding the upper and lower pallets P1, P2 at the time of ascending and descending. Guide rails 18 and 1 made of shaped steel
8, each of the guide rails 18 has sliding grooves 18a, 18a that open in the front-rear direction and extend in the up-down direction when viewed from the loading / unloading port side, as shown in enlarged detail in FIG. ing.

On the other hand, guide rollers 19 and 1 as engaging means are provided at two front and rear positions on the outer sides of the upper and lower pallets P1 and P2 of the compatible parking apparatus B and B, respectively.
9 are supported one by one on the mounting member 20 and mounted,
The guide roller 19 on the loading / unloading port side is also in the sliding groove 18a on the front side of the guide rail 18 on the loading / unloading port side, and the guide roller 19 on the back side is also the sliding groove on the rear side of the guide rail 18 in the back side. 18a, respectively, that is, the sliding grooves 18a, 18a, which are opposite to each other in the front-rear direction, are engaged from the outside, and both side walls 18b, 18b constituting the sliding grooves 18a are formed.
The inner surface and the inner surface of the bottom wall 18c slide vertically. Due to this engagement relationship, the upper and lower pallets P1 and P2 are stably supported so as not to swing in the front-rear direction and the left-right direction when moving up and down.

The above-mentioned upper and lower pallets P1, P2
A pit 21 is recessed on the ground (vehicle entry surface) 1 on which the vehicle touches the ground to a depth that does not hinder the entry and exit of the vehicle C, and is deep inside the entry and exit port of the pit 21 and is in a vehicle entry state. At the position where the wheel (rear wheel) c1 stops, a drainage groove 22 extending in a direction orthogonal to the loading / unloading direction is provided as a recess.
The drainage groove 22 has a wheel stop function for engaging the wheel (rear wheel) c1 of the vehicle C and preventing it from moving. In addition, the bottom surface of the pit 21 has the drainage groove 22.
It is slanted to the front from both sides toward the front.
It should be noted that, as shown in FIGS. 3 to 6, the vehicle loading / unloading side of the vehicle placing portion 23, which constitutes the main body of each of the upper and lower pallets P1 and P2, is provided for smooth entry / exitability of the vehicle C. The two slope members 24, 24 for getting on and off are respectively provided on the rear side with wheel stoppers 25 for stopping the wheels (rear wheels) c1 of the vehicle C from moving. Further, as shown in FIG. 2, each of the upper and lower pallets P1 and P2 is slightly inclined forward and downward toward the inner side.

Next, an example of a procedure for loading and unloading the vehicle C into and from each of the multi-story parking apparatuses B configured as described above will be described.

<In case of warehousing> First, the drum 8 is rewound by the normal rotation drive of the lifting motor to rewind the lifting wires 10 in synchronism, and the lower pallet P2 is lowered to the bottom surface of the pit 21. By further driving the lifting motor in the forward direction, the upper pallet P1 is moved to each suspension wire 1
It is lowered while guiding it to 2, and is piled up on the lower pallet P2. In this state, the vehicle C is loaded into the upper pallet P1 from the loading / unloading port.

Next, the drum 8 is wound up by, for example, the reverse rotation of the lifting motor to wind up the lifting wires 10 in synchronism with each other, and the lower pallets P2 are guided while the upper pallets P1 are guided by the respective hanging wires 12.
Rise above. As a result, the plate material 13 of the upper pallet P1 hits the stopper 16 at the upper end of each suspension wire 12, a predetermined space is provided between the upper pallet P1 and the lower pallet P2, and a space for the vehicle C to get in above the lower pallet P2 is secured. It

Then, after the vehicle C is loaded onto the lower pallet P2, the upper and lower pallets P1 and P2 are both raised by further driving the elevator motor in reverse. As a result, as shown in FIG. 2, the lower pallet P2
A predetermined space is provided between the pit 21 and the pit 21, and a space for the vehicle C to ride in is provided above the pit 21. The vehicle C is loaded in the pit 21 and the vehicles C, C, C are stored in three upper and lower tiers.

<Detachment> First, the vehicle C on the ground floor, which is the lowest storage space, is delivered.

Next, the drum 8 is rewound by, for example, the normal rotation drive of the lifting motor, and the lifting wires 10 are moved.
Are synchronously rewound, the lower pallet P2 is lowered to the bottom surface of the pit 21, and the vehicle C is unloaded from the lower pallet P2.

After that, by further driving the elevator motor in the normal direction, the upper pallet P1 is lowered while being guided by the respective hanging wires 12 and stacked on the lower pallet P2. In this state, the vehicle C is discharged from the upper pallet P1. To do.

In the above embodiment, when the pallet is moved up and down, the guide rollers 19 and 19 at the front and rear sides of the outer side of the upper and lower pallets P1 and P2 are placed in the sliding grooves 18a of the guide rails 18 and 18, respectively. Since they are engaged with each other in the opposite direction from the front-rear direction and are slid in the up-down direction, the swaying of the upper and lower pallets P1, P2 in the front-rear, left-right directions on both sides of the sliding grooves 18a is prevented. The upper and lower pallets P1, P2 can be regulated by the inner surfaces of the walls 18b, 18b and the bottom wall 18c.
It is possible to move up and down in a stable manner without swaying in the front, rear, left and right directions.

Further, in the above embodiment, the drainage groove 22 is provided at the wheel stop position on the bottom surface of the pit 21 in the vehicle entry state, and the bottom surface of the pit 21 is inclined downward from both sides toward the drainage groove 22. Therefore, water such as rainwater falling from the vehicle C that has entered the bottom surface of the pit 21 flows along the slope of the bottom surface of the pit 21 and is collected in the drainage groove 22, whereby water is collected in the pit 21. It is possible to prevent this from happening to improve the drainage, and to prevent the base portion of the column 2 and the upper and lower pallets P1 and P2 from being rusted.

This also applies to the loading and unloading of the upper pallet P1 and the lower pallet P2.
That is, since the upper and lower pallets P1 and P2 incline toward the back along the slope of the bottom surface of the pit 21 at the time of touchdown, the water falling from the vehicle body is inclined along the inclination of the upper and lower pallets P1 and P2. It can be discharged to the pit 21, and then flows along the slope of the bottom surface of the pit 21 and is collected in the drainage groove 22.

Further, in the above embodiment, when the vehicle C is stored on the ground floor (bottom surface of the pit 21) which is the lowest storage area, the vehicle C moves to the inner part of the pit 21 along the inclination of the bottom surface of the pit 21. In this case, since the wheel (rear wheel) c1 of the vehicle C can be engaged with the drainage groove 22 to restrict the further movement of the vehicle C, the vehicle C is not displaced significantly. Can be stored on the ground floor.

In the above embodiment, the guide rail 18 made of I-shaped steel is used as the guide means, and the guide roller 19 is engaged with the sliding groove 18a on the outer side of the guide rail 18. May be engaged with the sliding groove 18a inside the guide rail 18. Further, shaped steel having a U-shaped cross section may be adopted as the guide means, and the point is that the upper and lower pallets P1 and P2 have an engaging relationship that can prevent them from swinging in the two directions of front, rear, left and right when moving up and down. I wish I had it.

Further, in the above embodiment, the multi-tiered (three-tiered) multi-level parking apparatus B is shown in which three vehicles C are stored in the two upper and lower pallets P1 and P2 and the pit 21. However, using four or more pallets to drive vehicle C
It can also be applied when storing more than one unit.

[0043]

As described above, according to the first and second aspects.
According to the present invention, when the pallets are moved up and down, the engaging means (guide rollers) provided at the front and rear two positions on the outer side of each pallet in the adjacent three-dimensional parking devices are provided on the left and right outer sides of the compatible parking device. Since the guide means (sliding grooves of the guide rail) provided at the front and rear sides are engaged with each other in the opposite direction from the front and rear direction and slid in the vertical direction, the pallets swing in the front, rear, left and right directions. Can be regulated by the engaging action of the guide roller to both side walls and the bottom wall of the sliding groove, and the pallet can be stably moved up and down in two directions of front, rear, left and right directions.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, drainage extending in a direction orthogonal to the loading / unloading direction at a position deep from the loading / unloading port of the vehicle entry surface where each pallet comes into contact with the ground and at a position where the wheels are stopped in the vehicle entry state. Since the vehicle entry surface is recessed and the vehicle entry surface is inclined forward and downward from both sides toward the drainage entry groove, the drainage entry groove is formed so that water such as rainwater falling from the vehicle body does not collect on the vehicle entry surface. Can improve drainage and prevent rusting of the bases of struts and pallets. Further, when the vehicle is directly stored on the vehicle entry surface, the vehicle that moves to the back due to the inclination of the vehicle entry surface is stored without being significantly displaced due to the engaging action of the wheel and the drainage groove. can do.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front view showing an entire multi-level parking facility.

FIG. 2 is a side view showing the entire multilevel parking facility.

FIG. 3 is a plan view of an upper pallet of the multi-level parking apparatus on the left side in FIG.

FIG. 4 is a plan view of the lower pallet of the multi-level parking apparatus on the left side in FIG.

5 is a plan view of the upper pallet of the multi-level parking apparatus on the right side in FIG. 1. FIG.

FIG. 6 is a plan view of a lower pallet of the multi-level parking apparatus on the right side in FIG.

FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of portion D of FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Ground (vehicle entry surface) 2 Strut 4 Device frame 18 Guide rail (guide means) 18a Sliding groove 18b Side wall 18c Bottom wall 19 Guide roller (engaging means) 22 Drain groove A Multi-level parking facility B Multi-level parking device C Vehicle P1 Upper pallet P2 Lower pallet

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Masatsugu Nakase 1-1, Shinmeiwa-cho, Takarazuka-shi, Hyogo Prefecture Shinmeiwa Industry Co., Ltd. Industrial Machinery Systems Division (72) Noboru Inaka, Shinmeiwa-cho, Takarazuka-shi, Hyogo Prefecture No. 1-1 Shinmeiwa Industrial Co., Ltd. Industrial Machinery System Division

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A three-dimensional structure in which a vehicle-mounted pallet is hung so that it can be lifted and lowered, and the pallet is suspended and supported above the vehicle entry surface when the vehicle is stored, while the pallet is grounded to the vehicle entry surface when loading and unloading. A multi-tiered multi-level parking facility in which at least two parking devices are adjacent to each other with the vehicle entry / exit sides facing in the same direction, and a plurality of columns that form a device frame to which each of the multi-level parking devices is assembled are framed. , Which are provided on the left and right outside when viewed from the entrance / exit side of the adjacent multi-level parking devices, but not on the ground floor side between the multi-level parking devices adjacent to each other. At the two locations on the left and right outer sides of the device,
Guide means for guiding the pallet during lifting and lowering is provided, while the guide means is provided at two front and rear positions on the outer side of each pallet in the coexistence parking apparatus so that the pallet does not swing in the front, rear, left and right directions during lifting and lowering. A multi-stage multi-storey parking facility, which is provided with an engaging means that engages and slides in a vertical direction. 2. The front and rear two guide means are guide rails each having a sliding groove extending in the vertical direction, and the sliding grooves of the both guide rails are provided so as to be opposite to each other in the front-back direction. The multistage multi-storey parking facility according to claim 1, wherein the engaging means at two front and rear positions are guide rollers that slide on both side walls and bottom walls of the sliding grooves of the both guide rails. 3. A drainage groove extending in a direction orthogonal to the loading / unloading direction is provided at a position deep from the loading / unloading port of the vehicle entry surface where each pallet is in contact with the ground, and at a position where the wheels stop when the vehicle is loaded. The multi-level multi-storey parking facility according to claim 1, wherein the vehicle entry surface is inclined forward and downward from both sides toward the drainage groove.