JPH07144940A - Sealed laminate - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To prevent the vaporization of a solvent in the liq. mixture contg. the easily vaporizable solvent between substrates and to eliminate frothing and nonuniformity due to temp. change by providing a layer of the solvent between the first and second seals on the periphery of a laminate. CONSTITUTION:A liq. mixture 2 contg. an easily vaporizable solvent as a thermochromic material having water is placed in a case through a sealant 3 as the first seal on the periphery of the laminate of the partly transparent substrate 1. A water holding material of high-grade aq. polymer, glass fiber, etc., is impregnated with water or the water as the solvent is injected from an injection hole between the first and second seals to furnish a holding material contg. the sealant, which is further fixed by a sealant 3, and the second seal is formed. A layer of the saturated vapor of the sealant and/or the liq. 6 is provided in this way between the first and second seals to form the environmental field of the saturated vapor, and the vaporization of the solvent is prevented by attaining gas-liq. equilibrium in laminated liq. mixture 2 at all times. A spacer 4 and the outer frame 5 of the second seal are also shown in the figure.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

[Industrial field of application] For stable long-term use of a laminate in which at least a part of a transparent liquid substrate is mixed with an easily evaporative solvent, the solvent permeates through the sealing part and evaporates. Then, air bubbles are generated inside the laminated body, resulting in defects.
This defect must not be applied when utilizing the visual function of a window, a display device or the like which uses a transparent substrate and utilizes the reversible change of the mixed liquid. The present invention essentially solves this deficiency so that it can be used with sufficient durability for windows of buildings, vehicles, etc. under severe conditions of use.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Recently, instead of a mechanical method, a method has been proposed in which a composite glass laminated with a functional material is used to physicochemically control light rays reversibly. For example, there are photochromic glass, electromic glass, liquid crystal glass that can be changed by an electric field, and thermochromic glass.

Therefore, the present inventors have paid attention to, for example, thermochromic glass. In particular, the outer peripheral portion of a laminated body formed by laminating a thermochromic material, which is a mixed liquid containing a solvent that easily evaporates (for example, water, ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, etc.) as a solvent, on at least a part of the transparent substrate, is sealed. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent the evaporation of the solvent. This is very important in order to prevent generation of bubbles due to solvent evaporation and unevenness due to concentration change. As an example of the thermochromic material which is this mixed solution, a thermochromic mixed solution composed of water and a linear homopolysaccharide derivative and an amphipathic molecule, a lyotropic cholesteric liquid crystal composed of a linear homopolysaccharide derivative, An aqueous solution of a vinyl-based water-soluble polymer, a gel body having a multi-component composition with water, and the like. Since the present invention has a laminated structure for preventing solvent evaporation of the mixed solution, detailed description of these thermochromic mixed solutions is omitted here. The thickness of these mixed solutions is
It is about 0.01 to 2 mm.

Conventionally, as for the sealing structure of the laminated body for preventing the solvent evaporation of the mixed liquid, the sealing structure is provided on the outer peripheral portion of the laminated substrates so as to be shielded from the outside as shown in FIGS. 2,
FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a conventional example, in which 1 is a substrate, 2 is a mixed liquid, 3 is a sealant, 4 is a spacer, and 5 is a frame. This encapsulation structure has been extensively studied for selection of encapsulant, double encapsulation, a frame, etc. so as to withstand attacks by an external environment such as high temperature and high humidity and an internal mixed liquid. However, it was not possible to reliably and easily prevent the evaporation of the easily evaporating solvent. However, there is an inorganic sealing method for adhering to glass or the like, but this can be hermetically sealed with a small liquid crystal display plate of about several centimeters square in which a low-molecular liquid crystal is injected through an injection hole after the sealing is formed.
However, it is very difficult to hermetically seal a large-sized laminated body of 1 m or more formed by laminating a mixed liquid having water and / or an easily-evaporable organic solvent by the same method because of a problem such as cracks in the sealing portion. In addition, it was necessary to be exposed to a high temperature and was not practical. Further, unlike the low-molecular liquid crystal, the above-mentioned mixed liquid has a very high viscosity, and therefore it is rational to seal after lamination between the substrates, and it is necessary to use an organic sealant. This organic encapsulant is unable to completely seal the evaporation of easily evaporative solvents, and when used in windows of buildings, vehicles, etc. that are exposed to particularly high temperatures, the generation of bubbles and changes in concentration due to solvent evaporation. The problem was that unevenness was observed due to

[0005]

The problem to be solved is to surely prevent the solvent evaporation of the mixed liquid having the easily evaporating solvent between the substrates to thereby generate the bubbles and the unevenness due to the concentration change. It is to provide a simple sealed laminate that does not exist.

[0006]

The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and is a laminate in which a mixed liquid having an easily evaporating solvent is laminated on at least a part of a transparent substrate. A sealed laminate obtained by first sealing the outer periphery of the laminate, further providing a layer containing the saturated vapor and / or liquid of the solvent, and second sealing the sealed laminate. It is provided.

A laminate of a mixed solution having an easily evaporating solvent is
As mentioned above, there is no structure that completely prevents solvent evaporation other than the complete inorganic encapsulation (which also prevents the permeation of gas molecules). However, this inorganic encapsulation cannot be used because the use of a highly viscous liquid mixture after lamination between the substrates as described in the section of the prior art requires a very high temperature treatment. In addition, it is very difficult and impractical to manufacture a large-area laminate of 1 m square or more.

Therefore, the present inventor has noticed that the evaporation of the solvent is a phenomenon in which the liquid is vaporized because the environmental field is not saturated and the gas-liquid equilibrium is not established. This essential problem could be solved by sealing in two stages. That is, it is a method in which a second seal is provided outside the first seal to create an environment field for saturated vapor and to always establish a gas-liquid equilibrium with the mixed liquid that has been stacked. For example, FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention, in which 1 is a substrate, 2 is a mixed liquid, 3 is a sealant, 4 is a spacer, and 6 is a saturated vapor and / or liquid of a solvent. Thus, the presence of the solvent always makes the first
By giving an environment of saturated vapor to the sealing, vapor-liquid equilibrium can be obtained and the evaporation of the solvent from the mixed liquid can be prevented. First
The amount of solvent to be put between the sealing and the second sealing can be easily calculated by considering the amount of evaporation from the second sealing, and is 1 in a small amount.
It is possible to maintain the saturated steam environment for a long period of 0 years or more. Of course, it is preferable to use a sealant that also reduces solvent penetration in the second sealing. Water is a physicochemical property,
It is very important as a solvent because it is non-flammable, non-toxic, economical and the like, and the above-mentioned mixed solution also uses water as the main solvent,
Hereinafter, unless otherwise specified, the solvent is water or a mixed solvent containing water. Therefore, water and steam will be mainly described, but the invention is not limited to this. Further, the saturated steam used in the present invention does not have a generally defined meaning but can be practically used even if it is almost saturated, and is used in that meaning. If the solvent liquid is present, it can be kept saturated regardless of the temperature.

As described above, according to the present invention, water is retained between the first seal and the second seal to constantly create an environment field in a saturated water vapor state, thereby preventing water evaporation of the mixed liquid, and preventing the second seal. When the water vapor permeates from outside to the outside and evaporates, the same amount of water vapor becomes the first
It is possible to prevent the evaporation of water from the mixed liquid by constantly supplying an environment field in a saturated water vapor state by being supplied from water between the seal and the second seal. As described above, it is sufficient to always hold water between the first sealing and the second sealing, and the method of holding the water is not particularly limited and can be widely used. For example, a method of injecting water into the laminated body up to the second sealing from the injection hole between the first sealing and the second sealing, a water retention material (for example, super absorbent polymer, glass fiber, microcapsule body, Cotton fiber, sponge, etc.) and a method of providing saturated water vapor state by providing water in a water reservoir at a lower portion of the laminate. Alternatively, the water retaining material may be placed in the case and provided between the first seal and the second seal. In addition, an additive may be added to water to prevent freezing, adjust the osmotic pressure, etc. before use. The water retaining material can be widely used without particular limitation as long as it retains water. Above all, when a super absorbent polymer (for example, Aqualic manufactured by Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd.) is used, the absorption capacity is about 500 times, and a large amount of water is quasi-solid state between the first sealing and the second sealing. Since it can be placed, it can greatly improve productivity and durability. As a matter of course, the method of inserting water from the injection hole between the first sealing and the second sealing to seal the hole regardless of the presence or absence of the water retaining material, since there is no water when forming the second sealing, It is effective for formation. In addition, the method of pouring water through the injection hole is very convenient because it can be used by replenishing it by replenishing water during actual use. Further, especially when used on a large scale such as Atrium, there is an advantage that maintenance is free if natural rainwater is introduced.

Further, the moisture permeation characteristics of the sealant will be mentioned. The characteristics of encapsulants that are commonly used for glass are: polyisobutylene-based: about 0.05 g / square meter-day under the conditions of 20 ° C, 5 mm thickness, and 85% relative humidity.
Polysulfide: about 1 g / square meter / day, polyurethane: about 5 g / square meter / day, silicone: about 15 g / square meter / day. In this way, when the second sealing thickness is 5 mm, the polyisobutylene-based laminate is about 4 g per 10 years in a 1 m square laminate, and the polysulfide-based laminate is about 80 g. Furthermore, if a polyisobutylene type is used, it will be about 20 g even in 50 years.
The silicone type has high water permeability and is usually used for applications such as sealing and fixing. The above-mentioned amount of water can be easily stored in the spaces between the first and second sealings and can be known without particular calculation. In addition, epoxy resins and acrylic resins are also useful as the sealant of the present invention. In particular, a water-resistant adhesive acrylic resin is preferable for the adhesive of the tape.
Although not particularly shown, naturally, these materials may be multiply combined and sealed in consideration of water permeability, adhesiveness, water resistance, etc., as is conventionally done.

Next, FIGS. 1, 4, 5, 6, and 7 which are sectional views of an embodiment of the sealing laminate of the present invention will be described.
1 is a substrate, 2 is a mixed solution, 3 is a sealant, 4 is a spacer,
5 is a frame, 6 is a solvent saturated steam and / or water, and 7 is a case. In FIG. 4, the frame 5 is provided via the case 7 by using the substrate surface with a slight modification to the already described FIG. 1, and the frame 5 is fixed with the sealant 3. The case 7 has an effect that the position of the frame 5 and the water-retaining material are put inside so that the assembling and sealing work can be performed easily and surely. The water retaining material may be impregnated with water either before or after assembly. FIG. 5 shows the mixed solution 2
The laminated body in which the substrate 1 was laminated was applied with the frame 5 via the sealant 3 and further sealed with the sealant 3. The case 7 may be provided if necessary. Also, as a matter of course, the types of the sealant 3 at these two locations may be changed and used. In FIG. 6, the second sealing is performed by using the frame 5 in the conventional type shown in FIG. As a matter of course, the types of the two frames 5 may be changed and used. For example, the frame 5 fixed directly to the inner laminated body is wrapped around the outer periphery of the substrate with a tape (for example, an aluminum tape) having a water-resistant adhesive (for example, an acrylic adhesive) to form a second seal. As the outer frame to be stopped, a frame made of a normal frame material such as aluminum, stainless steel, or vinyl chloride resin may be used. In FIG. 7, the case 7 is provided on the edge of the laminate. In this structure, the case 7 only needs to be provided at one place, and the overall thickness can be reduced.

If each end of the outer frame 5 to be the second sealing is covered with a corner cap, the second sealing can be more surely performed.
The evaporation of water can be prevented. Further, the case 7 is not particularly limited in shape (for example, a prism or a cylinder) as long as it has a hollow inside and can release moisture to the surroundings. For example, the case 7 has a U shape, a cylinder with a slit, and a micro hole. There are a cylinder, a resin cylinder and the like that relatively easily permeate water molecules. If the case 7 is provided with a water-retaining material (for example, super absorbent polymer, microcapsule body, cotton-like fiber, sponge, etc.), the water is not in a liquid state, and it is very effective because it does not scatter when broken. More importantly, the water can be uniformly and independently retained on each side without depending on the angle such as vertical or horizontal. This is because not only when using but also when manufacturing, the second sealing can be independently performed for each side, and it is not necessary for saturated water vapor to be continuous over the entire outer periphery, and productivity and durability can be greatly improved. . In addition, a laminated body in which the sizes of the upper substrate and the lower substrate are different (for example, a laminated body in which a lower substrate having a heat generating layer inside the laminated body has two large side portions facing each other for terminal processing) is also used for the second sealing. It can be dealt with by slightly changing the frame 5, the corner cap and the like, and needless to say. Further, it is needless to say that even if a large number of the first sealed single plates are arranged in a matrix, a layer having saturated water vapor and / or water 6 is first and second sealed, which is not particularly shown and described. Water vapor from the mixed solution 2 can be prevented by disposing it between the two. Further, a sash for building materials, a frame for automobiles, or the like may be used for the second sealing frame 5, and such a unitized sealing laminate is also included in the present invention.

The substrate 1 is made of an inorganic material such as glass, ceramics, metal, etc. In particular, the glass is mixed,
It may be multi-layered, strengthened, ultraviolet-absorbed (for example, borosilicate glass in which fine particles of copper halide are dispersed), or treated with a heat-transparent conductive layer. Further, as the substrate 1 having a light-heat conversion function, as a single plate having a high solar absorptance, for example, a heat ray absorbing plate glass colored with a metal such as iron, nickel, cobalt, or a metal oxide film is coated. , A heat ray-reflecting glass obtained by sputtering a metal film (not only reflection but also high absorption). An opaque plate made of ceramics, metal (for example, Kovar, stainless steel, copper, aluminum, etc.) may be used for the substrate 1 on one side. Further, a resin plate such as polycarbonate or polyacrylic can be used. It is only necessary that these substrates 1 are laminated so that at least a part thereof is transparent and the mixed liquid 2 inside can be visually recognized.

[0014]

EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION It is necessary to prevent evaporation of the solvent by sealing the outer peripheral portion of a laminate in which a thermochromic material, which is a mixed solution containing an easily evaporating solvent as a solvent, is laminated on at least a part of a transparent substrate. There is. This is very important in order to prevent generation of bubbles due to solvent evaporation and unevenness due to concentration change. Therefore, the present invention prevents the evaporation of the solvent from the mixed liquid by providing a layer having the saturated vapor of the solvent and / or the liquid between the first sealing and the second sealing. as a result,
It enables long-term use for more than 10 years even in harsh environmental conditions such as buildings, vehicles, and advertising equipment.

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ───

[Procedure amendment]

[Submission date] June 16, 1994

[Procedure Amendment 1]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Name of item to be corrected] Brief description of the drawing

[Correction method] Change

[Correction content]

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an example of a laminate having a layer having a saturated vapor of a solvent and / or a liquid between the first sealing and the second sealing according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a conventional laminate for comparison.

FIG. 3 is a conventional laminate for comparison.

FIG. 4 is an example of a laminate of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is an example of a laminate of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is an example of a laminate of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is an example of a laminate of the present invention.

[Explanation of reference numerals] 1 substrate 2 mixed liquid 3 sealant 4 spacer 5 frame 6 saturated vapor of solvent and / or liquid 7 tube

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A sealing laminated body obtained by encapsulating a laminated body in which a mixed liquid having an easily evaporating solvent is laminated on at least a part of a transparent substrate, and a first encapsulation of an outer peripheral portion of the laminated body. A sealed laminate comprising a layer having a saturated vapor of the solvent and / or a liquid between the second sealings. 2. The sealed laminate according to claim 1, wherein the mixed liquid is a thermochromic material having at least water as a solvent. 3. The sealing laminate according to claim 1, further comprising a holding material having a solvent of the mixed liquid provided between the first sealing and the second sealing. . 4. The encapsulating laminate according to claim 3, wherein a holding material having a solvent of the mixed liquid is put in a case. 5. The sealing laminate according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the holding material is a water retaining material. 6. The hole according to claim 1, wherein a hole for injecting a solvent of the mixed liquid is provided between the first sealing and the second sealing. Sealed laminate.