JPH07127388A - Face shuttering method in tunnel excavation and bolts - Google Patents
Face shuttering method in tunnel excavation and boltsInfo
- Publication number
- JPH07127388A JPH07127388A JP5291472A JP29147293A JPH07127388A JP H07127388 A JPH07127388 A JP H07127388A JP 5291472 A JP5291472 A JP 5291472A JP 29147293 A JP29147293 A JP 29147293A JP H07127388 A JPH07127388 A JP H07127388A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- bolts
- excavation
- face
- bolt
- tunnel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000009416 shuttering Methods 0.000 title 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011378 shotcrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G73/00—Recovery or refining of mineral waxes, e.g. montan wax
- C10G73/02—Recovery of petroleum waxes from hydrocarbon oils; Dewaxing of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G73/04—Recovery of petroleum waxes from hydrocarbon oils; Dewaxing of hydrocarbon oils with the use of filter aids
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/04—Driving tunnels or galleries through loose materials; Apparatus therefor not otherwise provided for
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明はトンネル掘削における鏡
止め工法及びボルト、特に土砂の崩れやすい未固結地山
の掘削時における鏡面の自立性を確保するための鏡止め
工法及びこの工法に用いるボルトに関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention is used for a mirror stop method for tunnel excavation and a bolt, and particularly for a mirror stop method for ensuring the mirror surface independence during excavation of unconsolidated ground where sand and sand easily collapse, and this method. It is about bolts.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】土砂の崩れやすい未固結地山において
は、その掘削時に鏡面が崩れる事故を防止するため、従
来は以下の鏡止めグラスファイバーロックボルト工法を
用い掘削を進めている。2. Description of the Related Art In order to prevent an accident in which a mirror surface collapses during excavation of unconsolidated ground where gravel is likely to collapse, the following mirror-stop glass fiber rock bolt construction method has been conventionally used for excavation.
【０００３】本工法では図５，図６に示すように、例え
ば３ｍ〜６ｍの長さの切断が比較的容易なグラスファイ
バーロックボルト１を鏡面２に、地山状況により本数、
ピッチ、打設範囲を定め打設埋設せしめ、この状態の鏡
面２を上記グラスファイバーロックボルト１もろとも掘
削し、上記グラスファイバーロックボルト１が十分残っ
ている状態で新しいグラスファイバーロックボルト１を
さらに打設埋設し、この工程を繰り返しながら掘削を進
めていく。In this method, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, for example, a glass fiber lock bolt 1 having a length of 3 m to 6 m, which is relatively easy to cut, is provided on the mirror surface 2, and the number of the glass bolts depends on the ground condition.
The pitch and the casting range are determined and the casting is buried. The mirror surface 2 in this state is excavated together with the glass fiber lock bolt 1 and a new glass fiber lock bolt 1 is further attached with the glass fiber lock bolt 1 remaining sufficiently. It will be placed and buried, and excavation will proceed while repeating this process.
【０００４】なお、図５，図６において、３は先行鉄
筋、４はトンネル上壁の崩れを防止するため上壁に打設
した鉄筋等のロックボルトである。In FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, 3 is a leading reinforcing bar, and 4 is a lock bolt such as a reinforcing bar that is cast on the upper wall of the tunnel to prevent the upper wall from collapsing.
【０００５】このような工法は単独または下記または
の工法と組み合わせる場合もある。Such a construction method may be used alone or in combination with the following construction method.
【０００６】鏡吹付コンクリート工法Mirror shot concrete construction method
【０００７】本工法は、図７，図８に示すように掘進毎
に切羽（掘削対象部分）の状況に応じて鏡面２に数ｃｍ
の厚さにコンクリート５を吹き付け切羽の安定を図る工
法であり、固結されていない地山や膨張性の高い地山に
おいて、掘削１サイクル間に地山が著しく劣化して切羽
の肌落ち等から大きな崩壊につながるおそれがある場合
に用いられている。In this method, as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the mirror surface 2 is several cm depending on the condition of the face (the portion to be excavated) for each excavation.
This is a method to stabilize the face by spraying concrete 5 to the thickness of the ground, and in unconsolidated rock or highly expansive rock, the rock deteriorates remarkably during one cycle of excavation and the skin of the cut face etc. It is used when there is a possibility that it will lead to a large collapse.
【０００８】掘削断面の縮小、核残し、掘進長の短縮
による工法[0008] Construction method by reducing the excavation cross section, leaving the nucleus, and shortening the excavation length
【０００９】本工法は最も一般的に行われる工法であ
り、この工法では図７，図８に示すようにトンネルを上
方から下方へ階段的に掘り進め、また、上方部分をリン
グ状に掘削し切羽の中心部に未掘削の切羽面（核）６を
残すことにより切羽の自立性を確保し、また、掘削断面
を小さくしたり、１掘進長を小さくすることで切羽の安
定を確保する。This method is the most commonly used method. In this method, as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the tunnel is dug stepwise from the upper side to the lower side, and the upper portion is excavated in a ring shape. By leaving an unexcavated face face (nucleus) 6 in the center of the face, the independence of the face is secured, and the stability of the face is secured by reducing the excavated cross section or shortening the length of one excavation.
【００１０】[0010]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】然しながら、上記従来
の工法においては、グラスファイバーロックボルトをも
同時に掘削するため、１切羽毎に新しいグラスファイバ
ーロックボルトを打設施工する必要があり、作業時間に
与える影響が大きい。また、グラスファイバーロックボ
ルトは非常に高価であるため経済的にも不利であり、材
料の用意に時間も要するためトンネル内の状況の変化に
対応しにくい欠点があった。However, in the above conventional method, since the glass fiber lock bolt is also excavated at the same time, a new glass fiber lock bolt needs to be set for each face, which requires a long working time. It has a great impact. Further, since the glass fiber rock bolt is very expensive, it is economically disadvantageous, and it takes time to prepare the material, which makes it difficult to respond to changes in the conditions inside the tunnel.
【００１１】本発明は上記の欠点を除くようにしたもの
である。The present invention eliminates the above drawbacks.
【００１２】[0012]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明のトンネル掘削に
おける鏡止め工法は、鏡面に複数のボルトを打ち込む工
程と、上記ボルトを避けトンネルを掘削する工程と、上
記ボルトを押し込む工程とより成ることを特徴とする。A mirror stop method for tunnel excavation according to the present invention comprises a step of driving a plurality of bolts on a mirror surface, a step of excavating a tunnel while avoiding the bolts, and a step of pushing the bolts. Is characterized by.
【００１３】本発明のトンネル掘削における鏡止め工法
に用いるボルトは、先端部を尖らした棒状部分と、この
棒状部分の後部に固着した３角形のプレートとより成る
ことを特徴とする。The bolt used for the mirror stop method in tunnel excavation of the present invention is characterized by comprising a rod-shaped portion having a pointed tip and a triangular plate fixed to the rear portion of the rod-shaped portion.
【００１４】[0014]
【実施例】以下図面によって本発明の実施例を説明す
る。Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
【００１５】本発明においては、図１，図２に示すよう
に先端部を地山に打ち込み易くなるため尖らせた、例え
ば３ｍ〜４ｍのＨ型鋼の棒状部分７ａの後部に回転や掘
進方向のズレを防止するための長さ例えば９０ｃｍの３
角形のプレート７ｂを熔接した矢印状のボルト７を用
い、これを図３，図４に示すように地山の状況に応じて
本数、ピッチ、打設範囲を定め、鏡面２に押し込み用の
アタッチメントを有するブレーカー（図示せず）により
打設せしめ、ボルト７の打設埋設後上記ボルトを避け切
羽の掘削を進め、むき出しになったボルト７を切羽の進
捗に応じてその都度上記ブレーカーにより押し込み、上
記工程を繰り返すことによりトンネルを掘進せしめる。In the present invention, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the tip portion is sharpened to facilitate driving into the ground, and is sharpened, for example, in the rear portion of the H-shaped steel bar portion 7a having a length of 3 to 4 m in the direction of rotation or excavation. Length to prevent misalignment, eg 90 cm 3
An arrow-shaped bolt 7 welded to a square plate 7b is used, and the number, pitch and setting range of these bolts are determined according to the situation of the ground as shown in FIGS. The bolt 7 is driven by a breaker (not shown), and after burying the bolt 7 buried, the face of the bolt is excavated by avoiding the bolt, and the exposed bolt 7 is pushed by the breaker each time according to the progress of the face. The tunnel is excavated by repeating the above steps.
【００１６】なお、上記ボルト７の棒状部分７ａはＨ型
鋼ではなく通常の鉄棒でもよく、上記３角形のプレート
７ｂは地山の状況により省略できる。The rod-shaped portion 7a of the bolt 7 may be an ordinary iron rod instead of the H-shaped steel, and the triangular plate 7b may be omitted depending on the ground condition.
【００１７】また、本発明では上記工法と上記従来の
やの工法とを組み合わせることも可能である。Further, in the present invention, it is possible to combine the above construction method with the above-mentioned conventional construction method.
【００１８】[0018]
【発明の効果】本発明のトンネル掘削における鏡止め工
法によれば、従来の工法のようにグラスファイバーロッ
クボルトを用意し、１切羽毎に打設する必要がなく、ま
た、ボルト７は工事現場にあるＨ型鋼等の材料を加工す
ることにより容易に製作でき、何度も転用できるため、
作業時間が短く且つ経済性に優れている。また、プレー
ト７ｂをつけることによりボルト７の回転やずれを防止
することができる大きな利益がある。According to the mirror stop construction method for tunnel excavation of the present invention, it is not necessary to prepare a glass fiber lock bolt as in the conventional construction method, and it is not necessary to drive each face individually, and the bolt 7 is used at the construction site. It can be easily manufactured by processing materials such as H-section steel in
Short working time and excellent economy. Further, there is a great advantage that the rotation and displacement of the bolt 7 can be prevented by attaching the plate 7b.
【図１】本発明のトンネル掘削における鏡止め工法に使
用するボルトの平面図である。FIG. 1 is a plan view of a bolt used in a mirror stop method for tunnel excavation according to the present invention.
【図２】本発明のトンネル掘削における鏡止め工法に使
用するボルトの正面図である。FIG. 2 is a front view of a bolt used for a mirror stop method in tunnel excavation of the present invention.
【図３】本発明のトンネル掘削における鏡止め工法の説
明用縦断側面図である。FIG. 3 is a vertical cross-sectional side view for explaining a mirror stop method for tunnel excavation according to the present invention.
【図４】本発明のトンネル掘削における鏡止め工法の説
明用正面図である。FIG. 4 is a front view for explaining a mirror stop method for tunnel excavation according to the present invention.
【図５】従来のトンネル掘削における鏡止め工法の説明
用縦断側面図である。FIG. 5 is a vertical cross-sectional side view for explaining a mirror stop method in conventional tunnel excavation.
【図６】図５に示す従来のトンネル掘削における鏡止め
工法の説明用縦断正面図である。FIG. 6 is a vertical cross-sectional front view for explaining a mirror stop method in the conventional tunnel excavation shown in FIG.
【図７】従来のトンネル掘削における鏡止め工法に組み
合わされる工法の説明用縦断側面図である。FIG. 7 is a vertical cross-sectional side view for explaining a method combined with a mirror stop method in conventional tunnel excavation.
【図８】図７に示す従来のトンネル掘削における鏡止め
工法に組み合わされる工法の説明用縦断正面図である。8 is a vertical sectional front view for explaining a method combined with a mirror stop method in the conventional tunnel excavation shown in FIG. 7. FIG.
１ グラスファイバーロックボルト ２ 鏡面 ３ 先行鉄筋 ４ ロックボルト ５ 吹付コンクリート ６ 切羽面（核） ７ ボルト ７ａ 棒状部分 ７ｂ プレート 1 Glass Fiber Rock Bolt 2 Mirror Surface 3 Leading Reinforcing Bar 4 Rock Bolt 5 Shotcrete 6 Face Face (Nucleus) 7 Bolt 7a Rod Part 7b Plate
Claims (2)
上記ボルトを避けトンネルを掘削する工程と、上記ボル
トを押し込む工程とより成ることを特徴とするトンネル
掘削における鏡止め工法。1. A step of driving a plurality of bolts into a mirror surface,
A mirror stop method in tunnel excavation, which comprises a step of excavating a tunnel while avoiding the bolts and a step of pushing the bolts.
部分の後部に固着した３角形のプレートとより成ること
を特徴とするトンネル掘削における鏡止め工法に用いる
ボルト。2. A bolt for use in a mirror stop method in tunnel excavation, comprising a rod-shaped portion having a pointed tip and a triangular plate fixed to the rear portion of the rod-shaped portion.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP5291472A JPH07127388A (en) | 1993-10-28 | 1993-10-28 | Face shuttering method in tunnel excavation and bolts |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP5291472A JPH07127388A (en) | 1993-10-28 | 1993-10-28 | Face shuttering method in tunnel excavation and bolts |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH07127388A true JPH07127388A (en) | 1995-05-16 |
Family
ID=17769320
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP5291472A Pending JPH07127388A (en) | 1993-10-28 | 1993-10-28 | Face shuttering method in tunnel excavation and bolts |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH07127388A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003106085A (en) * | 2001-09-28 | 2003-04-09 | Tonnel Kobo:Kk | Bamboo reinforcing member for stabilizing excavated surface of tunnel |
| JP2009057802A (en) * | 2007-09-03 | 2009-03-19 | Okumura Corp | Face shuttering bolt and tunnel boring method |
| JP2009057801A (en) * | 2007-09-03 | 2009-03-19 | Okumura Corp | Tunnel boring method and face shuttering bolt |
| ITRM20130034A1 (en) * | 2013-01-21 | 2014-07-22 | Giampaolo Capaldini | METHOD AND STABILIZATION SYSTEM OF AN EXCAVATION FRONT. |
-
1993
- 1993-10-28 JP JP5291472A patent/JPH07127388A/en active Pending
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003106085A (en) * | 2001-09-28 | 2003-04-09 | Tonnel Kobo:Kk | Bamboo reinforcing member for stabilizing excavated surface of tunnel |
| JP2009057802A (en) * | 2007-09-03 | 2009-03-19 | Okumura Corp | Face shuttering bolt and tunnel boring method |
| JP2009057801A (en) * | 2007-09-03 | 2009-03-19 | Okumura Corp | Tunnel boring method and face shuttering bolt |
| JP4714927B2 (en) * | 2007-09-03 | 2011-07-06 | 株式会社奥村組 | Tunnel excavation method and mirror set bolt |
| ITRM20130034A1 (en) * | 2013-01-21 | 2014-07-22 | Giampaolo Capaldini | METHOD AND STABILIZATION SYSTEM OF AN EXCAVATION FRONT. |
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