JPH07113394A - Shield excavator - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To enhance the working effectiveness of a shield excavating machine without requiring manual operation by supporting the cutter head of the excavating machine incliningly so that the central part is situated below the peripheral part, and furnishing this support with a plurality of cutters. CONSTITUTION:An excavating machine concerned 10 sinks and meantime performs excavation works for a working face with a cutter head 14 in rotating, and the material cut off intrudes to the over-side of a face plate 24 from a cut part 30 in association with the rotation and sink of the cutter head 14. Then the material moves on the face plate 24 by its own weight toward the rotational center of the head 14 and also is moved forcedly by a guide 28, and is exhausted onto the ground by a cramshell bucket 58 upon passing through a protection cylinder 44 and an aux. cylinder 50. When the shield body 12 and cutter head 14 have sunk a certain specified amount, the excavating works for the working face are stopped temporarily, and installation of segment 54 to the covering work 20 takes place. When a pit of certain depth is excavated, the aux. cylinder 50 is separated from the ceiling 46, and the shield body 12, cutter head 14, floor 42, protection cylinder 44, and ceiling 46 are dismantled and removed away onto the ground.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a shield type excavator for excavating a vertically extending hole.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Various shield type excavators for excavating vertical holes used for foundations for concrete structures, foundations for steel towers, foundations for bridges, vertical shafts for tunnel excavation, vertical shafts for mines, etc. have been proposed.

As one of the shield type excavators of this type,
There is one in which excavation means such as a backhoe is arranged in the shield body. However, in such an excavator, although the excavated material is easily processed, the excavation means must be manually operated.

[0004]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a shield excavator capable of excavating a vertical hole without manipulating the excavation means manually even though the excavated material can be easily processed. is there.

[0005]

A shield type excavator according to the present invention is provided with a cylindrical shield main body arranged such that an axis thereof is in a vertical direction, and a lower end portion of the shield main body capable of rotating around the axis. The cutter head includes a cutter head that draws a rotation locus having a diameter substantially the same as the diameter of the shield body, and a drive mechanism that rotates the cutter head.

The cutter head is a support body which is inclined so that its central portion is located below the peripheral portion and which extends in the radial direction of the shield body, and is sequentially arranged on the support body in the radial direction. And a plurality of cutters.

The cutter head is rotated around the axis of the shield main body by the drive mechanism while the excavator is receiving a downward force due to its own weight or a propulsion device, and excavates a vertical hole having the same diameter as the shield main body. The support in which the plurality of cutters are arranged is inclined so that the central portion thereof is located below the peripheral portion, so that the excavated product has a V-shaped cross-sectional shape that is likely to gather in the central portion of the vertical hole. Excavate the bottom of the vertical hole, that is, the face. The excavated material can be discharged using the central portion of the shield body.

As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to excavate by rotating the cutter head by the drive mechanism, so that it is not necessary to manually operate the cutter head as an excavating means. Further, since it is sufficient to remove the excavated material collected in the central portion, it is easy to process the excavated material.

The support includes a face plate inclined so that a central portion thereof is lower than a peripheral portion thereof, the face plate having at least one notch extending in the radial direction to receive an excavated product, and the cutter is Preferably, the face plates are sequentially arranged in the radial direction on at least one edge forming the cutout. As a result, the excavated material is received from the cutout portion of the face plate to the upper side of the face plate, so that the excavated material reliably moves with the upper surface of the face plate toward the central portion.

It is preferable that the face plate has a plurality of the cutout portions that communicate with each other in a central portion, and the cutters are sequentially arranged in the radial direction on at least one edge portion that forms each of the cutout portions. . Thereby, excavation efficiency can be improved.

It is preferable that the cutter head further comprises at least one guide connected to the upper surface of the face plate to guide the excavated material to the center. As a result, the excavated material on the face plate can be forcibly moved to the center.

The cutter head further includes an annular flat plate disposed between the guide and the shield body, the flat plate being connected to the face plate at least at an outer peripheral edge thereof and to the guide at a lower surface thereof. Is preferred. As a result, since the face plate, the guide and the flat plate are connected to each other, the mechanical strength of the cutter head is increased.

It is preferable that the propulsion device includes a plurality of jacks for lowering the shield body by receiving a reaction force from the lining arranged at the excavation mark. Thereby, the excavation direction can be controlled by adjusting the expansion / contraction amount of the jack.

Further, an annular floor is attached to the lower end portion of the shield body coaxially and inwardly with the shield body, and a protective tube which rises from the inner peripheral edge portion of the floor coaxially with the shield body. It is preferable to include a flange-shaped ceiling attached to the upper end of the protective cylinder. As a result, the inside of the protective cylinder can be used as the discharge space for the excavated material, and the space formed by the floor, the protective cylinder, and the ceiling can be used as the working space for the segment assembly work for the lining, etc. And is safe for the workers in the working space.

The drive mechanism includes a rotation source arranged on the shield body and a second gear that meshes with the first gear and is rotated by the rotation source. Is preferred. Thus, even if the central portion of the shield body is used as a space for discharging the excavated material, the cutter head can be rotated without hindering the discharge of the excavated material.

Further, it is rotatably supported around an axis parallel to the axis of the shield body at a position on the lower end of the shield body with a virtual line spacing around the axis of the shield body. A plurality of rollers having a V-shaped groove continuous in the circumferential direction on the outer peripheral surface, and a ring attached to the cutter head,
And a ring having an annular engaging portion that slidably engages the V-shaped groove. Thereby, even if the central portion of the shield body is used as a discharge space for the excavated material, the cutter head can be rotatably supported by the shield body without hindering the discharge of the excavated material.

At least the shield body and the cutter head are preferably separable into a plurality of portions in the circumferential direction of the shield body. This allows the shield body and the cutter head to be easily removed after excavating the vertical hole.

[0018]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Referring to FIGS. 1 to 7, a shield type excavator 10 includes a cylindrical shield body 12 and a shield body 1.
The cutter head 14 is rotatably arranged around the axis of the shield body 12 at the lower end of 2, and a drive mechanism 16 for rotating the cutter head 14.

The shield main body 12 has first and second tubular portions 12a and 12b having the same outer diameter, and a flange-shaped inwardly formed at the lower end portion of the first tubular portion 12a by bolts and nuts (not shown). And a bottom plate 18 coaxially connected to the.

As shown in FIG. 4, the cylindrical portions 12a, 12b.
Are bolts (not shown) in the inward flange portion 12c provided at the upper end portion of the first tubular portion 12a and the inward flange portion 12d provided at the lower end portion of the second tubular portion 12b. -Separately connected by nuts and the like.

Since the earth pressure in the horizontal direction is smaller than the earth pressure in the vertical direction and the space around the lining 20 is made as small as possible, the second tubular portion 12 is used in the illustrated embodiment.
The thickness dimension of b is smaller than that of the first tubular portion 12a.
However, the thickness dimensions of both tubular portions 12a and 12b may be the same, and in this case, the shield body 12 is connected to the two tubular portions 1a and 1b.
It does not need to be divided into 2a and 12b.

The cylindrical portions 12a, 12b and the flange portion 12
The c and 12d and the bottom plate 18 are each divided into a plurality of members around the axis of the shield body 12. The members that are adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction are separably connected by bolts and nuts (not shown). Each of the divided parts of the tubular portion 12a is divided into two parts of the tubular part 12b and two parts of the bottom plate 18 which are not shown in the drawings.
It is separably connected by nuts.

However, if the tubular portions 12a, 12b, the flange portions 12c, 12d and the bottom plate 18 are separably connected, the shield body 12 does not have to be divided as such. In addition, the cylindrical portions 12a and 12b, the flange portion 12
The partner site connecting the c, 12d and each of the divided parts of the bottom plate 18 can be any part.

As shown in FIGS. 2 to 5, the cutter head 1
Reference numeral 4 denotes a ring-shaped flat plate 22 facing the bottom plate 18, a face plate 24 connected to an outer peripheral portion of the flat plate 22, a plurality of cutters 26 arranged below the face plate 24, the flat plate 22 and the face plate 24.
And a plurality of guides 28 disposed between and.

As shown in FIG. 5, the flat plate 22 is divided into a plurality of fan-shaped flat plate portions 22a. Flat plate portion 22a
Are sequentially arranged around the axis of the shield body 12. The flat plate portions 22a adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction are separably connected by bolts and nuts (not shown).

As shown in FIG. 2, the face plate 24 has a downward conical shape, that is, an inverted conical shape, so that the central portion is located below the outer peripheral portion. Further, as shown in FIG. 5, the face plate 24 has a plurality of face plate portions that are inclined so that the center portion is below the outer peripheral portion by the plurality of notches 30 that extend in the radial direction and communicate with each other at the center portion. It is divided into 24a. The face plate portion 24 a is the flat plate portion 22 of the flat plate 22.
a individually corresponding to a, and corresponding flat plate portion 22a
Is connected to the outer peripheral portion by welding or the like.

The face plate 24 acts as a support for the cutter 26 in the example shown. The cutter 26 has a shield body 12 at an edge of each face plate portion 24a that forms the cutout portion 30, particularly at an edge that is ahead of the cutter head in the rotation direction (the direction shown by the arrow in FIG. 5) shown by the arrow in FIG. Are sequentially mounted in the radial direction.

The guides 28 individually correspond to the face plate portions 24a, and are connected to the upper surface of the corresponding face plate portion 24a and the lower surface of the corresponding flat plate portion 22a by welding or the like. The guide 28 extends from the notch 30 of the face plate 24 to the face plate 24.
In order to forcibly move the excavated material that has entered the upper side of the arrow toward the center, it is arranged as shown by the chain double-dashed line in FIG.

Since the flat plate 22, the face plate 24 and the guide 28 are each divided into a plurality of members around the axis of the shield body 12, the cutter head 14 is substantially divided into a plurality of heads around the axis of the shield body 12. It is divided into parts. Further, since the flat plate portions 22a adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction are separably connected, the head portions adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction are substantially separably connected.

Instead of connecting the divided portions of the flat plate 22, the face plate 24 and the guide 28 by welding or the like, they may be separably connected by bolts, nuts or the like. Further, instead of dividing the cutter head 14 as described above, the flat plate 22, the face plate 24 and the guide 28 may be connected so as to be separable from each other. In any case, the face plate 24 and the guide 28
Since the flat plate 22 is connected to each other, the mechanical strength of the entire cutter head is increased.

As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the cutter head 14 has the shield body 1 at the lower end of the shield body 12.
A plurality of rollers 32 rotatably supported by a support shaft or the like about an axis parallel to the axis of 2 and a ring 34 attached to the cutter head 14 so as to extend around the axis of the shield body 12 It is rotatably assembled to the main body 12.

The rollers 32 are arranged at equal intervals on a virtual circle around the axis of the shield body 12,
Further, it has a V-shaped groove 32a continuous in the circumferential direction on the outer peripheral surface. Three or more rollers 32 are provided.

The ring 34 has an annular engaging portion 34a slidably fitted in the groove 32a of the roller 32, and an engaging portion 34a.
And a gear 36 provided on the upper side of the. Ring 34
Is attached to the upper side of the cutter head 14 with bolts or the like so that the inner edge of the flat plate 22 extends coaxially with the shield body 12 and the engaging portion 34a faces outward.

As shown in FIGS. 3 and 6, the drive mechanism 1
6 is a plurality of rotation sources 38 with reduction gears, and each rotation source 38
And a gear 40 attached to the output shaft of the. The rotation source 38 is installed on the shield body 12 so that the gear 40 is equiangularly spaced around the axis of the shield body 12. Each gear 40 meshes with the gear 36 of the ring 34.

The excavator 10 also has an annular floor 42 which is coaxially attached to the bottom plate 18 of the shield body 12 and a protective cylinder which rises from the inner peripheral edge of the floor 42 coaxially with the shield body 12. 44 and a flange-shaped ceiling 46 attached to the upper end of the protective cylinder 44.

A plurality of pads 48 that come into contact with the inner surface of the lining 20 are provided on the outer peripheral portion of the ceiling 46 (see FIG. 6). As shown in FIG. 1, an auxiliary cylinder 50 acting as a handrail is attached to the ceiling 46 so as to extend upward from the inner peripheral edge of the ceiling 46.

The floor 42, the protective cylinder 44, the ceiling 46 and the auxiliary cylinder 50 are separably connected by bolts and nuts (not shown). However, the floor 42, the protective cylinder 44, the ceiling 46, and the auxiliary cylinder 50 may be inseparably connected by welding or the like.

Protective cylinder 44, ceiling 46 and auxiliary cylinder 50
Can be formed by a plurality of rod-shaped members and a wire mesh or an iron plate. However, the protective cylinder 44 may be formed by forming a wire mesh into a cylindrical shape. Further, the auxiliary cylinder 50 may be the handrail itself.

As shown in FIG. 2, in the space formed outside the protective cylinder 44 by the floor 42, the protective cylinder 44 and the ceiling 46, the worker 52 assembles the segment 54 into the lining 20, The space for working the excavator 10 can be used as a working space, and the insides of the protective cylinder 44 and the auxiliary cylinder 50 can be used as a space for discharging the excavated material.

As shown in FIG. 7, a part of the ceiling 46 is removed for the purpose of loading and unloading the material into and from the working space and for the worker to enter and leave the working space.
The floor 42, the protective cylinder 44, and the ceiling 46 provide a safe working space protected from falling objects from the ground side, except for a portion where the ceiling 46 is partially removed.

As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the floor 42, the protective cylinder 44 and the ceiling 46 are divided into a plurality of portions 42a, 44a and 46a around the axis of the shield body, and the divided portions. 42a, 44a, 46a are separably connected to the adjacent parts 42a, 44a, 46a. However, the floor 42, the protective cylinder 44, and the ceiling 46 may not be divided into a plurality of members.

In the illustrated example, the propulsion mechanism for lowering the shield body 12 and the cutter head 14 is a plurality of jacks 56 using the lining 20 as a reaction force body. Jack 56
Are arranged on the inner surface of the shield body 12 at equal angular intervals around the axis of the shield body 12, as shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 3, each jack 56 is assembled to the shield body 12 in a state where the cylinder is in contact with the upper surface of the bottom plate 18 and the tip of the piston rod is in contact with the lower surface of the lining.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the discharging means for excavated sediment is a clamshell bucket 58.
Therefore, the tower 60 is installed on the ground. A drive mechanism 62 for raising and lowering the clamshell bucket 58 and opening and closing the clamshell bucket 58 is provided on the yagura 60.
Is attached. The clamshell bucket 58
It is driven via the wire 64.

During excavation, the rotation source 38 of the drive mechanism 16 is rotated while all the jacks 56 are synchronously extended at the same speed. This causes the gear 40 to rotate, causing the ring 34 to rotate about the axis of the shield body 12,
The cutter head 14 is rotated with respect to the shield body 12 about the axis of the shield body 12.

Therefore, the excavator 10 has the shield body 1
By rotating the cutter head 14 while the 2 and the cutter head 14 are lowered by the jack 56, the bottom of the vertical hole, that is, the face is excavated. The cutting face is the cutter head 1
Since the face plate 4 has an inverted conical shape, the V-shaped cross section is excavated as the cutter head 14 rotates and descends. The excavated material enters the upper side of the face plate 24 through the notch 30 as the cutter head 14 rotates and descends.

The excavated material that has moved to the upper side of the face plate 24 is rotated and lowered by the cutter head 14, and the face plate 24 is moved.
The upper side of is moved toward the center of rotation of the cutter head 14 not only by its own weight but also by the guide 28 forcibly. Therefore, the excavated material can be reliably and automatically collected at a predetermined position, and the excavated material can be easily processed.

The excavated material is collected on the face plate 24 at the center thereof, and then discharged by the clamshell bucket 58 to the ground through the protective cylinder 46 and the auxiliary cylinder 50. Therefore, the bottom plate 18 of the shield body 12 and the cutter head 1
4, the drive mechanism 16, the ring 34, the gear 36, the floor 42, the protection cylinder 44, the ceiling 46, the auxiliary cylinder 50, and the like do not hinder the discharge of the excavated material by the clamshell bucket 58.

When the shield body 12 and the cutter head 14 are lowered by a predetermined amount, the face excavation work is temporarily stopped and the segment 54 is assembled to the lining 20. This work is performed with the predetermined jack 56 contracted. When all the jacks 56 are contracted and the segments 54 are assembled in the entire circumferential direction of the lining 20, each jack 56 is extended again and the drive mechanism 16 is driven.

However, when assembling the segment 56 into the lining 20, instead of temporarily stopping the excavation of the face, the lining 2
The assembling work of the segment 56 to 0 and the face excavation work may be performed in parallel, and the work and the excavation product discharging work may be performed in parallel.

When correcting the forward direction of the excavator 10,
The drive mechanism 16 is driven while at least one jack 56 is extended. Thereby, the forward direction of the excavator 10 with respect to the vertical line is gradually corrected. When the at least one jack 56 is extended by a predetermined amount, the forward direction of the excavator 10 is corrected to the correct direction with respect to the vertical line. Therefore, thereafter, the driving mechanism 16 is driven while all the jacks 56 are synchronously extended at the same speed.

A control panel, jack 56 for the excavator 10.
The hydraulic unit etc. for may be placed on the ground,
The floor 42, the protective cylinder 44 and the ceiling 46 are preferably arranged in a working space formed outside the protective cylinder 44. As a result, the worker can operate the excavator while monitoring the excavation state near the face. Also,
The working space is protected from falling objects and the like into the working space, and is safe for equipment and workers in the working space.

When a vertical hole having a predetermined depth is drilled, the auxiliary cylinder 50 is separated from the ceiling 46, and the shield body 12, the cutter head 14, the floor 42, the protective cylinder 44 and the ceiling 46 are
It is disassembled into multiple parts and then removed to the ground. By doing so, the work of removing the excavator 10 becomes easy.

The face plate 24 may be formed with only one notch, or the cutter 26 may be arranged only at the edge forming one notch 30. However, like the excavator 10, the face plate 24 is formed with a plurality of notches 30, and the cutter 26
When the cutters 26 are sequentially arranged at the edge portions forming the cutout portions 30, the excavation efficiency is higher than when the cutter 26 is arranged only at the edge portions forming the cutout portions 30.

As a mechanism for advancing the shield main body, instead of using a jack having a lining as a reaction force body, an original pushing mechanism for advancing the shield main body together with the cutter head by advancing a pipe arranged at an excavation mark is used. You may use.

Further, instead of using a face plate as a support for supporting the cutter, a plurality of support rods are inclined so that the central portion is lower than the peripheral portion, each of which has the cutter in the radial direction of the shield body. You may use the support rod which supports at intervals.

Further, as the means for discharging the excavated material, another transport mechanism may be used instead of the clamshell bucket.

A plurality of rollers 3 having V-shaped grooves 32a
2 may be attached to the cutter head 14, and the ring 34 having an annular engaging portion 34a that engages with the groove 32a may be attached to the shield body 12. Further, as means for rotatably supporting the cutter head 14 on the shield body 12,
In addition to the roller 32 and the ring 34, other means such as using a plurality of bearings may be used.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an embodiment of a shield type excavator of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the vicinity of a shield body and a cutter head.

FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion 3 in FIG.

FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion 4 in FIG.

5 is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken along line 5-5 in FIG.

6 is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken along line 6-6 in FIG.

7 is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken along line 7-7 in FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

 10 shield type excavator 12 shield body 14 cutter head 16 drive mechanism 18 bottom plate 20 lining 22 flat plate 24 face plate 26 cutter 28 guide 30 notch 32 roller 34 ring 36 gear 38 38 rotation source 40 gear 42 floor 44 protective cylinder 46 ceiling 48 pad 50 Auxiliary cylinder (handrail) 54 Segment 56 Jack 58 Clamshell bucket

Claims (10)

[Claims] 1. A cylindrical shield body arranged so that its axis extends vertically, and a cutter head rotatably arranged around the axis at a lower end portion of the shield body. The cutter head includes a cutter head that draws a rotation locus having substantially the same diameter as the diameter, and a drive mechanism that rotates the cutter head, and the cutter head is a support body that is inclined so that a central portion thereof is lower than a peripheral portion. A shield type excavator comprising: a support body extending in a radial direction of the shield body; and a plurality of cutters sequentially arranged in the support body in the radial direction. 2. The support comprises a face plate inclined so that a central portion thereof is lower than a peripheral portion thereof and having at least one notch portion extending in the radial direction to receive an excavated product, The excavator according to claim 1, wherein the cutters are sequentially arranged in the radial direction on at least one edge portion forming the cutout portion of the face plate. 3. The face plate has a plurality of cutouts that communicate with each other in a central portion, and the cutters are sequentially arranged in the radial direction on at least one edge forming each cutout. The excavator according to claim 2. 4. The excavator according to claim 2, wherein the cutter head further includes at least one guide that is connected to an upper surface of the face plate and guides an excavated object to a center portion. 5. The cutter head further comprises an annular flat plate disposed between the guide and the shield body, the flat plate being connected to the face plate at least at a peripheral portion and to the guide on a lower surface. Prepare,
The excavator according to claim 4. 6. The excavator according to claim 1, further comprising a plurality of jacks for lowering the shield body by receiving a reaction force on a lining arranged at an excavation mark. 7. A ring-shaped floor which is coaxially and inwardly attached to the shield body at the lower end of the shield body, and a protective tube which rises from the inner peripheral edge of the floor coaxially with the shield body. The excavator according to claim 1, further comprising: a flange-shaped ceiling attached to an upper end portion of the protection cylinder. 8. The drive mechanism comprises: an annular first gear arranged coaxially with the shield body on the cutter head; a rotation source arranged on the shield body;
The excavator according to any one of claims 1 to 7, further comprising: a second gear that meshes with the second gear and is rotated by the rotation source. 9. Further, the shield body is rotated around an axis line parallel to the axis line of the shield body at a lower end portion of the shield body at intervals on a virtual circle around the axis line of the shield body. A plurality of rotatably supported rollers having a V-shaped groove continuous in the circumferential direction on the outer peripheral surface, and a ring attached to the cutter head, which is slidable in the V-shaped groove. The excavator according to claim 1, further comprising: a ring having an annular engaging portion that engages with the ring. 10. The excavator according to claim 1, wherein at least each of the shield body and the cutter head can be divided into a plurality of portions in a circumferential direction of the shield body.