JPH0711307Y2 - Batch-type waste incinerator - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial field of application] The present invention relates to an incinerator that puts wastes into an incinerator body and incinerates them, and particularly to an incinerator that causes secondary combustion.

[Conventional technology and its problems]

Industrial wastes include cellulosic substances such as wood and paper, substances obtained by impregnating these cellulosic substances with water and oils and fats, and polymer substances such as vinyl and styrofoam. In order to incinerate such miscellaneous industrial waste, it is necessary to sort each type of waste and incinerate it separately because the amount of volatile matter and the rate of thermal decomposition are slow depending on the waste. Most desirable for prevention. However, there was a problem that equipment costs and personnel costs were required for storing and sorting waste.

Therefore, there is a demand for an incinerator that can incinerate various kinds of wastes without selecting them while preventing air pollution, and many techniques have been conventionally provided as such an incinerator.

For example, it is a continuous incinerator in which the waste is put into the incinerator little by little by a screw conveyor or the like to be incinerated, or the waste is conveyed while being burned in the moving or rotary hearth.
However, such an incinerator has the problems that the equipment is large and the construction cost is high, and that the operation and maintenance of the apparatus requires personnel, and moreover, there are many mechanically movable parts, which easily causes a failure. Therefore, it was not suitable for the incineration of industrial waste that is carried out by private companies.

Further, there is provided an incinerator in which wastes are all put into an incinerator body, burned and gasified, and the gas is burned in a secondary combustion chamber. This batch-loading type incinerator requires little manpower after the waste is put in, and is relatively easy to maintain and operate, so it is suitable for the incineration of industrial waste that is done by each private company. Is.

However, the wastes that were put into the incinerator body at once were combusted and gasified at one time, and the gas combustion in the secondary combustion chamber was likely to be incomplete. In particular, when a large amount of volatile matter such as high-molecular substances and easily decomposed by heat is included, the generated gas amount is so large that the generated gas incompletely burns and emits soot into the atmosphere. There was a point. The amount of generated gas can be controlled by controlling the amount of air (oxygen) supplied to the inside of the incinerator, but not only the amount of air supplied, but also the temperature inside the furnace and the burned material. It is very difficult to control soot emission in a structure in which the wastes collectively put into the incinerator body are heated at one time because the type, the content of water, etc. have a great influence.

[Means for solving problems]

The present invention has been made to solve such a problem, and the gist of the batch-injection type waste incinerator according to the present invention is to put the incinerated objects in a batch into the incinerator body. An incinerator that burns and gasifies the incinerator in the incinerator body, and burns the gas in a secondary combustion chamber, wherein the incinerator body burns the incinerated objects that have been batch-loaded. A combustion chamber to be gasified together with, a drying chamber that stores the batch of incinerated substances and sends the incinerator to the combustion chamber while drying the incinerator, and an incinerated substance that is burned in the combustion chamber In a batch-injection type waste incinerator comprising an ash storage unit for dropping and storing a residue through a roster, an inclined hearth and a furnace wall in which the drying chamber extends largely obliquely vertically upward from a furnace wall of the combustion chamber. And input of incineration material formed on the other end side In that it is constituted by a door for sealing the.

In such a batch-injection type waste incinerator, air holes are provided in the inclined hearth of the drying chamber, and compressed air at room temperature or heated is appropriately ejected from the air holes.

Further, in such a batch-injection type waste incinerator, one or both of the furnace wall of the combustion chamber and the furnace wall of the secondary combustion chamber is a water chamber.

Furthermore, in such a batch input type waste incinerator, an ash discharging conveyor is provided in the ash storage section.

Further, in such a batch throw-in type waste incinerator, the ash discharging conveyor is mounted so that the upper and lower surfaces of a partition wall that divides the ash storage section into upper and lower surfaces can be rotated, and the chain is slidably contacted with the upper surface of the partition wall. It consists of a scraper that has been installed.

[Action]

According to the batch-injection type waste incinerator according to the present invention, incinerators are preliminarily batch-loaded into the combustion chamber and the drying chamber of the incinerator body. The incinerated substance that is thrown in is burned in the combustion chamber and is thermally decomposed by the heat to generate gas and be carbonized. The gas is completely combusted in the secondary combustion chamber, and then the combustion gas is released to the atmosphere. The volume of the combustion chamber is set so that the maximum amount of generated gas does not exceed the combustion capacity of the secondary combustion chamber, even if the waste contains a large amount of volatile components and is easily decomposed by heat.

The volume of the material to be incinerated in the combustion chamber of the incinerator body is reduced due to combustion and carbonization due to the generation of gas, and the residue is dropped into the ash reservoir through the rustle to form a cavity in the combustion chamber. On the other hand, the materials to be incinerated stored in the drying chamber are mainly dried by the radiant heat from the combustion chamber, and since the drying chamber is an inclined hearth, the materials to be incinerated fall in the direction of the combustion chamber. Power is working. Therefore, the incinerated material dried from the drying chamber sequentially drops into the cavity formed in the combustion chamber to fill the cavity. As a result, the incinerator is supplied from the drying chamber to the combustion chamber by the amount of the incinerated substance carbonized by combustion and gas generation in the combustion chamber, and stable combustion and gas generation amount are obtained.

When gasification of the incineration object is almost completed in this way and the incineration object is carbonized, the combustion chamber shifts from decomposition combustion to surface combustion, and the incineration object is incinerated. The residue of the incineration material is dropped through the rustle to the ash storage section for storage, or is carried out by the ash transfer conveyor.

〔Example〕

Next, an embodiment of the batch input type waste incinerator according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

In FIG. 1, reference numeral 60 is an incinerator body, and the incinerator body 60 is composed of a combustion chamber 62, an inclined hearth 66 extending vertically obliquely upward from a furnace wall 64 of the combustion chamber 62, and a furnace wall 68. It is composed of the formed drying chamber 70.

The combustion chamber 62 is a chamber for burning waste and generating gas, and the furnace wall 64 of the combustion chamber 62 is provided with the primary burner 22 and a large number of air holes 72. Primary burner
22 is connected to an oil tank via a pump (not shown) so that the primary burner 22 emits flame to ignite the waste in the combustion chamber 62. The primary burner
The operation of 22 is configured to be stopped by a timer (not shown) after the time required for igniting the waste in the combustion chamber 62 has elapsed.

The drying chamber 70 is formed so as to rise to the side of the combustion chamber 62, and at the other end of the drying chamber 70, a waste input port 74 that opens in a substantially horizontal direction is provided, and the input port 74 is not shown. A door 75 that is opened and closed by a cylinder is attached. The inclined hearth 66 of the drying chamber 70 is formed at an angle such that the waste stored on it falls down by gravity, for example, about 40 to 60 degrees from the horizontal, and a plurality of air jets are injected into the inclined hearth 66. A nozzle 30 is provided. The air injection nozzle 30 is connected to the fan 32 through a pipe,
The air pressure-fed at 32 is ejected. This air injection nozzle 30 ejects air when the waste on the inclined hearth 66 is viscous due to water or the like and is difficult to slide down, and forms an air layer between the hearth 66 and the waste, This is to assist the fall of waste. In addition,
The inclined hearth 66 and the drying chamber 70 having the inclined hearth 66 are not intended to burn waste, but may be any as long as they can withstand the heat from the combustion chamber 62.

Further, the drying chamber 70 is configured so that the upper part thereof is sealed from the outside air by closing the door 75 attached to the waste input port 74. Therefore, smoke or the like does not flow out to the atmosphere from the waste input port 74, and
Since there is almost no air flow in the drying chamber 70, waste is not burned or gasification does not occur in the drying chamber 70.

On the other hand, the ash storage section 20 is provided below the combustion chamber 62. The ash reservoir 20 is separated from the combustion chamber 62 by the rustle 36, so that the residue such as ash and incombustibles of the waste combusted in the combustion chamber 62 falls into the ash reservoir 20 via the rustle 36. Is configured. An ash discharging conveyor 40 is provided in the ash storage section 20 to discharge the residue falling from the combustion chamber 62 from the incinerator body 60 to the outside.

As shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, the ash discharging conveyor 40 is installed so as to rotate the upper and lower surfaces of the partition wall 42 that divides the ash storage section 20 into upper and lower parts. On the upper surface of the partition wall 42, a heat-resistant material that withstands high heat such as radiant heat from the combustion chamber 62 or conductive heat from high-heat residue, for example, a heat-resistant plate 43 formed of ceramics.
Is embedded. The ash discharging conveyor 40 is provided with a chain 44 whose upper and lower surfaces of a partition wall 42 are rotated by a drive motor 41, and a scraper 46 which is provided substantially at a right angle to the rotation direction of the chain 44 and in a radial direction thereof. 46 is attached so as to be in sliding contact with the upper surface of the partition wall 42. The chain 44 is made by alternately connecting oval rings at right angles, and the teeth of the chain wheel 45 are meshed with the inner surface of the rings.
46 is designed to escape between the teeth of the chain wheel 45. Further, the chain wheel 45 is installed in the U-shaped groove formed in the partition wall 42, and the residue such as ash accumulated on the upper surface of the partition wall 42 is sequentially transferred to the outside of the incinerator body 60 by the scraper 46. It is supposed to be scratched out.

Next, a secondary combustion chamber 76 is provided above the combustion chamber 62 via a flue 78.
Is connected to the flue 78, and a thermocouple 24 is attached to the flue 78 to prevent the combustion chamber 62 from being disturbed by the input waste.
It is designed to detect the temperature inside. The thermocouple 24 determines the temperature in the combustion chamber 62 by detecting the temperature of the gas discharged from the combustion chamber 62, controls the opening of the valve of the air supply nozzle based on the signal, This is for keeping the temperature almost constant.

The secondary combustion chamber 76 has a cylindrical shape, and is provided with the secondary burner 52 and a large number of air holes 80. The secondary combustion chamber 76 has its axis centered substantially at right angles to the axis of the flue 78 and is eccentric.
It is attached to 78. Therefore, the gas generated in the combustion chamber 62 is introduced into the secondary combustion chamber 76 along the inner peripheral surface thereof, while spirally swirling in the secondary combustion chamber 76,
The secondary burner 52 while mixing with the air supplied from the air holes 80
It is burned by the flame from.

The other end of the secondary combustion chamber 76 is connected to the chimney 14 via a cyclone 82. The cyclone 82 has air holes in the combustion chamber 62.
It is for collecting the dust that has been rolled up by the air from 72. In this example, the dust collector is attached because the air supply amount is increased to increase the combustion efficiency in the combustion chamber 62.

Next, the operation of the batch input type waste incinerator according to this embodiment will be described.

After the waste is put into the incinerator main body 60 from the waste input port 74 and the combustion chamber 62 and the drying chamber 70 are filled with the waste,
The door 75 of the waste input port 74 is closed. In this state, first
The secondary burner 52 is ignited and the temperature of the secondary combustion chamber 76 is raised.
A temperature increase in the secondary combustion chamber 76 is detected by the thermocouple 54, and when the temperature in the secondary combustion chamber 76 rises to, for example, a set temperature of about 800 ° C, a signal from the thermocouple 54 causes the secondary burner 52 to The heating power is adjusted and kept at an almost constant temperature (750 to 800 ° C). Further, the fans 32 and 48 are operated by a signal from the thermocouple 54, air is supplied into the combustion chamber 62 and the secondary combustion chamber 76, and the primary burner 22 is ignited with a certain delay time.

The operation of the primary burner 22 is stopped by a timer after a certain period of time in which waste is ignited and stably burned. After the operation of the primary burner 22 is stopped, the waste is burned by the air supplied from the air holes 72 arranged in the furnace wall 64 of the combustion chamber 62, and its radiant heat and convective heat transfer cause the surroundings to burn. The waste is pyrolyzed to generate gas and carbonize. The amount of combustion of waste is controlled by the amount of air supplied from the air holes 72,
The thermocouple 24 arranged in the upper part of the combustion chamber 62 detects the temperature and sends a signal to the valve of the air hole 72 so that the temperature in the combustion chamber 62 is maintained at about 500 ° C, and the opening degree of the valve. Adjust. The temperature in the combustion chamber 62 can be appropriately set depending on the type of waste, and for example, for waste with a high volatile content, the set temperature is lowered and the air supply amount is reduced. In this way, the temperature in the combustion chamber 62 is controlled by the supply amount of air, and thus the amount of generated gas is controlled. That is, the temperature in the combustion chamber 62 is set to a temperature at which the waste cannot be completely burned, and the amount of air supplied from the air holes 72 is set to an amount at which the waste cannot be completely burned. Combustion is mainly done by dry distillation of waste.

The gas thus generated in the combustion chamber 62 is introduced into the secondary combustion chamber 76. The gas introduced into the secondary combustion chamber 76 spirally swirls inside the secondary combustion chamber 76 while forming air holes.
Secondary combustion chamber 76 that is mixed with the air supplied from 80 and made into a combustible state and maintained at 750 to 800 ° C by the secondary burner 52.
When it passes through, it is completely burned. The completely burned exhaust gas is separated and collected by the cyclone 82,
Other gas components are guided to the chimney 14 and released to the atmosphere.

On the other hand, as the combustion of the waste in the combustion chamber 62 and the carbonization accompanying the generation of gas proceed, the volume of the waste decreases. However, as the volume decreases, the waste stored in the drying chamber 70 gradually slides down along the inclined hearth 66, and the combustion chamber 62 is filled with the waste. The waste stored in the drying chamber 70 is dried by radiant heat or convective heat transfer from the combustion chamber 62, and the waste that has slid down into the combustion chamber 62 is efficiently burned or thermal decomposition of volatile components is performed. As a result, gas is generated and carbonized.

The waste stored in the drying chamber 70 is
Since the hearth 66 of 70 is an inclined hearth, it slides down into the combustion chamber 62 by gravity.However, when the waste is impregnated with water or oil and has a high viscosity, the waste in the inclined hearth 66 is Does not adhere and slip off. In such a case, air is jetted from the air injection nozzle 30 arranged in the inclined hearth 66 at a proper time to form an air layer between the inclined hearth 66 and the waste, and the air on the inclined hearth 66 is formed. The waste is allowed to slip off easily.

In this way, the waste materials stored in the drying chamber 70 are successively slid into the combustion chamber 62 and carbonized, and the dry distillation operation of the waste ends. When the waste is carbonized, the combustion in the combustion chamber 62 shifts from decomposition combustion to surface combustion, and a large amount of air is supplied from the air holes 72 to completely combust the carbonized waste.
At that time, in order to promote the surface combustion, it is possible to supply air from the air injection nozzle 30 arranged in the inclined hearth 66.

The ash from which the waste is incinerated and the residue such as incombustibles contained in the waste fall through the rust 36 to the ash storage section 20 and are immediately carried out of the incinerator body 10 by the ash discharging conveyor 40. The residue that cannot pass through the grate is carried out from the inspection port 17 provided on the side wall of the incinerator body 10 after the incineration work is completed.

As is clear from the above description, according to this embodiment, the waste stored in the drying chamber is dried by the radiant heat and the convective heat transfer from the combustion chamber, and the incineration of the waste is promoted. Also, the dried waste burns in the combustion chamber.
Since only the amount of carbonized waste is sequentially supplied to the combustion chamber for combustion and carbonization, a large amount of gas is not generated at one time, and the combustion in the secondary combustion chamber is completed. It does not cause air pollution due to soot and dust.

In particular, according to the present embodiment, since the incinerator body is divided into the combustion chamber and the drying chamber, the combustion of the waste in the combustion chamber is further divided from that of the above embodiment, and a large amount of gas is discharged at one time. Is not generated, and the gas does not incompletely burn in the secondary combustion chamber. Further, since the drying chamber is arranged so as to rise to the side of the combustion chamber, the injected waste is densely stored in the combustion chamber and the drying chamber, and the waste can be efficiently incinerated. Further, since a large number of air holes are arranged in the combustion chamber to improve the combustion efficiency of waste, the waste can be incinerated quickly.

Moreover, since the odorous gas generated from the waste is burned in the secondary combustion chamber, no bad odor is emitted from the incinerator.
Furthermore, since there are no complicated mechanical moving parts, the equipment cost is low, there is almost no failure, and maintenance is easy. Further, since the gas combustion in the secondary combustion chamber is performed by swirling, the gas combustion time can be extended and the fuel consumption of the secondary burner can be reduced. Even if the amount of gas generated in the combustion chamber is large, incomplete combustion does not occur.

Furthermore, since the ashing conveyor is designed to temporarily deposit high-temperature residue on the partition wall and then scrape out the residue with a scraper, the chain and scraper are protected from oxidation due to high heat and will not break down. rare.

Next, another embodiment of the present invention will be described. The same components as those in the above-described embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals and the description thereof will be omitted.

Another embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

In this example, the furnace wall of the combustion chamber 84 is constituted by the water chamber 86, and the exhaust heat generated by the combustion of the waste in the combustion chamber 84 is effectively utilized and circulates in the water chamber 86. The furnace wall is protected by the cooling effect of water. Further, in a flue 90 connecting the combustion chamber 84 and the cyclone 88, an air hole 80 for supplying combustion air to be mixed with gas, a secondary burner 52 for igniting the gas, and an ignition / combustion of the secondary burner 52. And an air hole 92 for supplying air for use are arranged, and the gas generated in the combustion chamber 84 is mixed with combustion air in advance,
The mixed gas is burned in the secondary burner 52. Further, in this example, the inside of the cyclone 88 connected to the flue 90 is used as the secondary combustion chamber 94, and the gas ignited by the secondary burner 52 is burned while swirling in the cyclone 88. Is being done. Reference numeral 96 is an ejector air inflow port for increasing the exhaust gas discharge rate.

According to this example, exhaust heat accompanying combustion of waste can be effectively used, and the secondary combustion chamber can be simplified to reduce the installation area and the facility cost.

Further, as shown in FIG. 4, a partition wall 42 that divides the ashing portion 20 into upper and lower parts is stopped in front of the chain wheel 45, and a scraper is attached.
The residue scraped off at 46 is the chain wheel 45 and the partition 42.
You may make it fall from between.

Although the batch-injection type waste incinerator according to the present invention has been described in detail above, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and can be configured in other forms.

For example, although the drying chamber is provided only on one side of the combustion chamber in the above-described embodiment, the drying chamber may be provided on both sides of the combustion chamber. In this way, a large amount of waste can be incinerated in one incineration process.

Further, the water chamber can be provided not only on the furnace wall of the combustion chamber but also on the furnace wall of the secondary combustion chamber, so that the exhaust heat can be used more effectively.

Further, the operation of the primary burner may be stopped by detecting that the waste in the combustion chamber is ignited by a signal from a thermocouple arranged in the combustion chamber.

Further, the amount of air supplied by the air supply nozzle may be controlled by adjusting the opening degree of a damper provided at the outlet of the fan based on the signal from the thermocouple.

In addition, a fan that supplies air into the combustion chamber body and a fan that supplies air into the secondary combustion chamber may be shared,
In addition, the present invention can be variously improved and modified based on the knowledge of those skilled in the art within the range not departing from the gist of the present invention, such that the residue can be quickly processed by rotating the rostrut. , Can be implemented in a modified form.

[Effect of device]

The batch-injection type waste incinerator according to the present invention is configured by dividing the incinerator body into a combustion chamber and a drying chamber, and the hearth of the drying chamber is an inclined hearth extending greatly from the combustion chamber and further drying The chamber has a closed structure.

With such a configuration, the incineration objects that are put into the incinerator body at one time are successively burned in the combustion chamber and are not burned at once, so that the gas combustion in the secondary combustion chamber is completely performed. I do not pollute the atmosphere. Moreover, since the incineration material dried in the drying chamber is supplied to the combustion chamber little by little, the incineration of the incineration object in the combustion chamber can be efficiently performed. In addition, since the complicated rotary drive mechanism is not used, there is no failure and the equipment cost is low, and the batch-injection type waste incinerator according to the present invention has excellent effects.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an embodiment of a batch-injection type waste incinerator according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 shows an ash discharging conveyor provided in an ash discharging section of the incinerator shown in FIG. Is a figure,
1A is a plan sectional view, and FIG. 1B is a front sectional view. FIG. 3 is a sectional view showing another embodiment of the present invention. Further, FIG. 4 is a front sectional view showing another embodiment of the ash discharging conveyor. 20; Ash sump section, 22; Primary burner 30; Air injection nozzle 36; Rostr 40, Ash removal conveyor, 42; Bulkhead 44; Chain, 46; Scraper 52; Secondary burner 60; Incinerator body 62, 84; Combustion chamber 66; Inclined hearth 70; Drying chamber 72,80,92; Air hole 74; Waste inlet 76,94; Secondary combustion chamber 86; Water chamber

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Creator Zenmon Motochimo 1503 Takakaicho, Omihachiman City, Shiga Prefecture, Daiei Sangyo Co., Ltd. (56) References JP-A-48-98681 (JP, A) JP-A-SHO 57-43111 (JP, A) Actual public Sho-53-29026 (JP, Y2)

Claims (5)

[Scope of utility model registration request] 1. An incinerator in which the incinerator is put into the incinerator body all at once, the incinerator is burned and gasified in the incinerator body, and the gas is burned in a secondary combustion chamber. ,
A combustion chamber in which the incinerator body burns and gasifies the incinerated substances that have been batch-loaded, and a drying chamber that stores the incinerated items that have been batch-loaded and sends the incinerators to the combustion chamber while drying the incinerator. Chamber and a ash sump part that stores the residue of the incineration material burned in the combustion chamber by dropping it through a rustle, and the drying chamber is the combustion chamber. Collective throw-in type disposal characterized by being composed of a slanted hearth and a furnace wall that extend largely obliquely upward in the vertical direction from the furnace wall, and a door that seals the inlet of the incineration object formed at the other end side Incinerator. 2. A utility model registration claim characterized in that an air hole is provided in the inclined hearth of the drying chamber, and compressed air at room temperature or heated is appropriately ejected from the air hole. The batch-injection type waste incinerator according to the first item of the scope. 3. A utility model registration claim characterized in that either or both of the furnace wall of the combustion chamber and the furnace wall of the secondary combustion chamber are water chambers. The batch-injection type waste incinerator described in any of the above. 4. A utility model registration claim, characterized in that an ash discharging conveyor is provided in the ash storage section.
A collective input type waste incinerator according to any one of the items. 5. A chain in which the ash discharging conveyor rotates the upper and lower surfaces of a partition wall that partitions the ash storage section into upper and lower parts,
A batch input type waste incinerator according to claim 4, further comprising a scraper attached to the chain so as to be in sliding contact with the upper surface of the partition wall.