JPH0693190B2 - Electronic musical instrument - Google Patents

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an electronic musical instrument, and more particularly to realizing a musical sound effect in consideration of resonance sound.

BACKGROUND ART Conventional reverb devices include a method of generating reverberation sound in an analog manner using a spring, or a method of generating reverberation sound in a digital manner using a digital filter and a delay circuit, but the former is unnatural. In addition, the mechanical shock may cause noise, and the latter has a drawback that it is expensive. Further, in the conventional art, since the reverb effect is applied only to the musical sound of the pitch selected by the keyboard or the like, it is not possible to obtain the deep reverberation as seen in a natural musical instrument. For example, in a piano or the like, not only the struck string but also the harmonious string resonates at a low volume level, but produces a deep reverberation. However, such a reverberation effect of the resonance sound cannot be obtained by the conventional device.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and realizes a musical tone effect considering a resonance tone by generating not only a musical tone of a designated pitch but also a musical tone of a pitch that resonates with the musical tone. It aims to provide an electronic musical instrument that

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An electronic musical instrument according to the present invention specifies a tone pitch of a musical tone to be generated, a musical tone generation instruction means for instructing start and stop of generation of a musical tone, and a musical tone generation instruction means. The specified pitch data indicating the pitch is generated, and the resonance pitch data indicating one or a plurality of pitches that resonate with the specified pitch according to the pitch designated by the tone generation instruction means is generated. Pitch data generating means, musical tone signal generating means capable of generating musical tone signals of arbitrary pitch corresponding to a plurality of musical tone generating channels, designated pitch data generated by the pitch data generating means, and Each of the resonance pitch data is assigned to one of the tone generation channels, and when the designated pitch data or resonance pitch data is newly generated, the tone generation of the tone signal generation means is performed. If there is a channel among the raw channels to which the designated pitch data or the resonance pitch data is not assigned, the newly generated designated pitch data or the resonance pitch data is assigned to the channel, and the musical tone signal generating means is generated. If the designated pitch data or the resonance pitch data is assigned to all the tone generation channels of, the assignment of any of the channels to which the resonance pitch data is assigned is canceled and the newly generated designation is generated. The pitch data corresponding to the pitch data allocated by the allocation means is generated in each of the tone generation channels of the tone signal generation means. It is characterized by that.

Separately from the original designated pitch data, resonance pitch data indicating one or a plurality of pitches (resonance pitches) that resonate with the designated pitch is generated, and the designated pitch data and the resonance pitch data are generated. The tone signals are respectively assigned to the tone generation channels, and the tone signals of the tone pitches corresponding to the assigned tone pitch data are respectively generated in the tone tone generation channels of the tone signal generation means. Therefore,
By generating one or a plurality of tone signals corresponding to the resonance pitch data together with the tone signal having the originally designated pitch, one or a plurality of pitches that resonate with the musical tone of the designated pitch ( Resonance pitch) musical tones are generated at the same time in response to a musical tone generation instruction, and a resonant tone effect can be realized.

The resonance pitch data indicates a desired resonance pitch, and the musical tone signal for the resonance sound is generated based on this data. Therefore, it is possible to realize a resonance sound effect having a simple structure and good quality. In other words, since a tone with a pitch different from the originally specified pitch is generated corresponding to the resonance pitch data, a realistic resonance tone effect in which a string different from the playing string as in a piano or string instrument resonates. Moreover, since the resonance pitch can be changed by changing the resonance pitch data, the resonance pitch can be easily controlled and the configuration is simple.

Further, since it is possible to assign the designated pitch data and the resonance pitch data to any one of a plurality of tone generation channels to generate a tone signal corresponding thereto, a tone signal corresponding to any resonance pitch can be generated. The configuration for generating the tone can be performed by using the tone generation channel of the existing scale, and the configuration can be simplified.

Further, in the above allocation, if the designated pitch data or the resonance pitch data is allocated to all the tone generation channels (that is, if there is no empty channel), the channel to which the resonance pitch data is allocated. Since either of the assigned pitches is canceled and the newly generated designated pitch data or resonance pitch data is assigned, the assigned pitch of the main body is secured in preference to the resonance pitch. In this way, it is possible to prevent inconveniences such as the fact that the originally specified pitch tone is muted or that the specified pitch tone cannot be pronounced, and the tone generation process does not cause any unnaturalness or discomfort. It has the excellent effect of being able to perform.

First Embodiment FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the basic structure of the present invention, in which a keyboard 10 is used as a pitch designating means for designating the pitch of a musical tone to be generated. The key-depression detection circuit 11 detects key-depression and key-release on the keyboard 10 and outputs data indicating the key-depression (original designated pitch data). Resonance pitch data generator 12
Generates the resonance pitch data indicating one or a plurality of pitches that resonate (harmonize) with the originally designated pitch based on the pressed key data supplied from the key detection circuit 11. It can be configured by an appropriate circuit such as a numerical data arithmetic circuit, a data memory, or a timing pulse processing circuit according to the data format of data. The musical tone signal generating means 13 generates a first musical tone signal corresponding to the originally designated pitch based on the pressed key data supplied from the key pressing detection circuit 11, and is supplied from the resonance pitch data generating means 12. It generates one or a plurality of second musical tone signals corresponding to the respective resonant tone pitches based on the respective resonant tone pitch data, and any tone signal generating means may be used.

The envelope generator 14 is a first for controlling the amplitude envelope of the first musical tone signal corresponding to the originally designated pitch.
And the second envelope waveform signal EV2 for controlling the amplitude envelope of the second musical tone signal corresponding to each resonance pitch is generated in response to key depression or key release. The first envelope waveform signal EV1 controls the amplitude envelope of the tone signal pressed by the key with a normal volume level characteristic, as is generally known. An example of the waveform shape is as shown in FIG. 2 (a) corresponding to the continuous tone color, and as shown in FIG. 2 (b) corresponding to the percussive tone color. Second envelope waveform signal EV
2 has a peak level sufficiently lower than the first envelope waveform signal EV1 (low enough to be expressed as a resonance sound) and has a sufficiently long decay time (to express reverberation). Long enough). An example of the waveform shape is as shown in FIG. 2 (c) corresponding to the continuous tone color and as shown in FIG. 2 (d) corresponding to the percussive tone color. For example, the volume level set by the second envelope waveform signal EV2 is about 10 to 20 dB lower than that by the first envelope waveform signal EV1.

The first and second envelope waveform signals EV1 and EV2 are given to the musical tone signal generating means 13 to control the amplitude envelopes of the above-mentioned first and second musical tone signals. The first and second musical tone signals having controlled amplitude envelopes are finally given to the sound system 15. 1 in harmony with the first tone signal
The resonance effect is brought about by the plurality of second musical tone signals being sounded at the low volume level. Further, the reverb effect is brought about by attenuating these second tone signals with a long decay time.

The reverb switch RSW is for selecting the reverb effect (and resonance effect) according to the present invention, and is turned on / off by a manual operation or electronically or mechanically linked to a tone selection operation, and each generating means 12, Control 13,14. In other words, when the reverb switch RSW is on, the second musical tone signal (resonance sound) whose envelope is controlled by the second envelope waveform signal EV2 is enabled as described above, but when it is off, it is disabled. Only the first tone signal (original pitch) is generated.

The resonance pitch generated by the resonance pitch data generating means 12 is, for example, 1/4 times, 1/3 times, 1/2 times, 2 times, 3 times the originally designated pitch.
The pitch of the frequency is 4 times, 5 times, 6 times, 8 times, etc.
As an example, if the originally designated pitch (pressed key) is key C4,
1/4, 1/3, 1/2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 times the resonance pitch data as C2, F2, C3, C5, G5, C6,
Generates data indicating each key of E6, G6, and C7.

In the multi-tone electronic musical instrument, the musical tone generating means includes a specific number of musical tone generating channels smaller than the total number of keys, and the pronunciation assigning means is used to assign the pronunciation of the pressed key to any one of the channels. Therefore, the tone signal generating means 13 includes a tone generating circuit 13B including a plurality (N) of tone generating channels.
And the original designated pitch data and each resonance pitch data are respectively assigned to any of the channels, and in accordance with this allocation, the channels of the tone generation circuit 13B generate the first and second tone signals respectively. The allocation circuit 13A may be included. In this case, common multiple channels (N)
The original designated pitch data and the resonance pitch data may be arbitrarily allocated to the target, or the dedicated pitch data and the resonance pitch data for allocating the original designated pitch data may be allocated. It is also possible to prepare a plurality of dedicated channels in different systems and perform the allocation processing separately. The number of resonance pitches does not have to be fixed, and may be increased or decreased according to the number of available (blank) channels.
If the number of channels available is small, it is advisable to preferentially assign a pitch (1/2 times, 2 times, etc.) close to the originally specified pitch.

The resonance pitch data generated by the resonance pitch data generating means 12 may include the same as the originally designated pitch. In that case, the musical tone signal with the same pitch as the designated pitch is the second
It is included in the musical tone signal of and is attenuated for a long time, so that a sufficient reverb feeling can be obtained. On the contrary, the resonance pitch data may not include the same pitch as the originally designated pitch. In that case, since the reverb feeling may not be sufficient with the envelope waveforms of FIGS. 2A and 2B, the first envelope waveform signal EV1 is changed as shown in FIGS. 2E and 2F. It is advisable to switch the key so that it is rapidly attenuated to a certain level when the key is released, and thereafter it is attenuated with a long attenuation time. Waveform switching from (a), (b) to (e), (f) in Fig. 2 is performed by reverb switch RSW.
Operation.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing the hardware construction of an embodiment of the electronic musical instrument of the present invention. In this embodiment, the key press detection and tone generation assignment processing are carried out by a microcomputer. The microcomputer unit includes a CPU 16, a program ROM 17, and a RAM 18, and a keyboard 20, a tone color selection switch circuit 21, a reverb switch RS via a data bus 19.
W, data is exchanged with the envelope generator 22, key depression detection (original designated pitch detection), resonance pitch data generation, original designated pitch data and resonance pitch data pronunciation assignment, selected Performs processing such as detection of the timbre. The key code KC indicating the key (pitch) assigned to each channel and the tone color data indicating the selected tone color are supplied to the tone generation circuit 23 via the data bus 19, and the tone pitch corresponding to these key codes KC is given. Is generated from the tone generation circuit 23 and reaches the sound system 24. Further, the tone color data, the key-on signal KON, and the reverb signal REV are given to the envelope generator 22 via the data bus 19. Key-on signal
KON is a signal indicating whether or not the key assigned to each channel (the key corresponding to its original designated pitch for resonance pitch) continues to be pressed. In the former case, "1", in the latter case, The case is “0”. The reverb signal REV is a signal that indicates whether each channel is used for its original designated pitch (actual key press) or for its resonant pitch. In the former case, "0", In the latter case, it is "1". The envelope generator 22 receives the given tone color data,
Fig. 2 (a) based on the key-on signal KON and reverb signal REV
To (d) (and (e) if necessary,
An envelope waveform signal (as shown in (f)) is generated for each channel. The first as shown in FIGS. 2 (a) and 2 (b)
Should be the envelope waveform signal EV1 of (c),
The selection as to the second envelope waveform signal EV2 as shown in (d) is made according to "0" or "1" of the reverb signal REV. Selection of whether to use a continuous waveform as in (a) or (c) or a percussive waveform as in (b) or (d) is made according to the tone color data. The envelope waveform signal corresponding to each channel generated from the envelope generator 22 is given to the musical tone generating circuit 23 and controls the amplitude envelope of the musical tone signal generated in the corresponding channel. In this way, the musical tone signal corresponding to the original designated pitch is controlled according to the first envelope waveform signal EV1, and the musical tone signal corresponding to each resonance pitch is controlled according to the second envelope waveform signal EV2. The envelope generator 22 outputs envelope data EGL indicating the current level of the envelope waveform signal of each channel for each channel, and supplies it to the microcomputer unit via the data bus 19.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of a memory configuration in the RAM 18 of FIG. 3, in which CH (1) to CH (N) are key code memories for storing the key codes KC assigned to the respective channels. It is a storage area. Numbers 1 to N in parentheses
Indicates the channel number. KON (1) to KON (N) are key-on memories, which are storage areas for storing the key-on signals KON of the keys assigned to the respective channels. REV (1) to REV (N) are reverb memories,
This is a storage area for storing the above-mentioned reverb signal REV corresponding to each channel. KCODE is a key code register that stores the key code of the key currently being scanned. EL is the envelope level register,
It stores the minimum value of the envelope level data EGL of each channel. ACH is a truncated channel register, which stores the channel number of the minimum envelope level. KCH is a channel number register, which stores data indicating the channel number currently being processed.

FIG. 5 shows an outline of a program executed by the microcomputer unit of FIG. The key scanning and allocation processing block 25 sequentially scans each key of the keyboard 20 to detect a new key depression or key release, and performs allocation processing according to this detection. At the next tone color selection switch and reverb switch scanning and processing block 26, each switch of the tone color selection switch circuit 21 and the reverb switch RSW are scanned, and a predetermined process is performed based on this ON / OFF detection. In the next block 27, data obtained as a result of the processing of blocks 25 and 26 (key code KC assigned to each channel, tone color data,
Key-on signal KON, reverb signal REV)
And processing for sending to the envelope generator 22.

FIGS. 6 and 7 schematically show the new key-on processing routine and the new key-off processing routine included in the key scanning and assignment processing block 25 of FIG. The new key-on processing routine detects a new pressed key,
Executed when this key should be assigned to any channel. The new key-off processing routine is executed when a new key release is detected.

First, the new key-on process will be described with reference to FIG. The first assignment processing routine 28 performs assignment processing for the original pressed key, and thereafter performs assignment processing for resonance pitch. In block 29, the key code of the key related to new key-on is stored in the key code register KCOD.
It is taken into E, the channel number register KCH is cleared to "0", the truncated channel register ACH is cleared to "0", and the envelope level register EL is set to the maximum value. The routine from block 30 to block 35 and back to block 30 is for detecting the channel (truncated channel) in which the envelope level data EGL is the minimum value. In block 30, 1 is added to the current value of the channel number register KCH to advance the channel number to be processed. In block 31, the key-on memory KON (KON (K
Check if the content of (CH) is "1", and if NO, that is, key off, proceed to block 32, and if YES, jump to block 35. In block 32, the envelope level data EG specified by the channel number of register KCH
Incorporate L (denoted by EGL (KCH)), block 33
Then, it is checked whether the fetched data EGL (KCH) is smaller than the content of the envelope level register EL. If smaller, proceed to block 34 and truncate channel register AC
The channel number of the channel number register KCH is set in H, the envelope level data EGL (KCH) is set in the envelope level register EL, and the process proceeds to block 35.
If not small, skip block 34 and proceed to block 35. In block 35, it is checked whether the channel number of the register KCH is the maximum value N. If NO, it returns to block 30 and increments the channel number of register KCH by 1. In this way, the blocks 30 to 35 are repeated N times, and KCH = N
When is established, proceed to block 36. At this time, the number of the channel with the smallest envelope level data EGL is stored in the truncated channel register ACH.

In block 36, it is checked whether the register ACH is "0". If the keys assigned to all the channels are in the key-on state, the process of block 34 is never performed,
H = “0” holds. In this case, the new key-on processing routine ends. On the other hand, if there is an available channel, ACH = "0" is not established and the process proceeds to block 37.
Here, the key code memory CH (AC) of the channel number specified by the truncated channel register ACH
Set the key code of the key code register KCODE to H), set the signal "1" to the key-on memory KON (ACH) of the same channel number, and set the signal "0" to the reverb memory REV (ACH) of the same channel number. To do. This signal “0”
Indicates that it is not a channel for a resonance pitch, that is, a channel for an originally specified pitch.

Next, in block 38, it is checked whether the reverb switch RSW is on. If NO, it is not necessary to assign the resonance pitch, so this routine ends. If yes, block 39
Go to -1. Blocks 39-1 to 39-n are for obtaining each resonance pitch data (key code of resonance pitch) based on the key code of the key code register KCODE. In 39-1 for example, the key code of the register KCODE ( The key code (double resonance pitch) one octave higher than the original specified pitch) is calculated, and the key code 2 octave higher (four times resonance pitch) is calculated in 39-2 and 1 in 39-n. Find the key code under the octave (1/2 times the resonance pitch). Block 4
0-1 to 40-n perform an allocation process substantially similar to the allocation process routine 28 described above. However, instead of the key code register KCODE, the block 39-1 of each preceding stage is used.
To 39-n using the resonance pitch key code, instead of the "REV (ACH) ←" 0 "" process of block 37, the "REV
The difference from the routine 28 is that (ACH) ← “1” ”is processed. That is, the signal "1" is set in the reverb memory REV (ACH) corresponding to the channel (channel of the truncated channel register ACH) for which allocation is determined, and it is shown that the channel is used for resonance pitch.
The process of "KON (ACH) ←" 1 "is performed in the same manner, and the key-on signal KON corresponding to the resonance pitch allocation channel is set to" 1 ". The key codes of the resonance pitch are sequentially changed by the processing of blocks 39-1 to 39-n.
The assignment processing for the key code changed by the processing of -1 to 40-n is performed. When there are no more channels available, this routine is terminated in the middle of each block 40-1 to 40-n as described above (similar to YES in block 36). This routine is also terminated when the process of allocating all the resonance pitches that can be prepared is completed (at the end of the block 40-n).

As described above, the original designated pitch and one or more resonance pitches thereof are respectively assigned to different channels, and the key-on signal KON and the reverb signal REV of the assigned channels are set to "1". In the above description, when the block 36 of the normal allocation processing routine 28 is YES, the processing is immediately ended, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the contents of the river bottom channels REV (1) to REV (N) are checked, This is "1"
It is also possible to detect only one channel of, that is, a channel to which a resonance pitch is assigned, cancel this assignment, and assign a new pressed key thereto. Similarly, in the resonance pitch assignment processing routines 40-1 to 40-n, the resonance pitch assignments for other keys that have already been assigned are partially canceled and the resonance tone for a new key is added. You may make it allocate a part of height.

Next, the new key-off process will be described with reference to FIG. Routine 41 is the original new key-off processing for the specified pitch, and the subsequent steps are the new key-off processing for the resonance pitch. In block 42, the key code of the key related to the new key-off is fetched in the key code register KCODE, and the channel number register KCH is cleared to "0". In block 43, set the channel number of register KCH to 1
To increase. In block 44, the key code memory CH (KCH) specified by the channel number of this register KCH.
Check if the key code of matches the key code of the register KCODE. If YES, go to block 45. If NO, block 4
Jump to 7. Block 45 reverb memory REV
Check if the content of (KCH) is "0", and if YES, block
Proceed to 46, and if NO, jump to Block 47. Block
At 46, the key-on memory KON (KCH) corresponding to the channel number designated by the register KCH is cleared to "0". In block 47, the channel number of register KCH is N
If NO, the process returns to block 43, and if YES, the process proceeds to block 48-1. The block corresponding to the channel number to which the newly released key code is assigned.
If 44 is YES and this is not the resonance pitch but the channel to which the originally designated pitch is assigned, block 45 becomes YES, block 46 is processed, and the key-on signal KON of the channel is cleared to "0". It

For blocks 48-1 to 48-n, 39-1 to 39- in FIG.
Similar to n, the key code of each resonance pitch is obtained based on the key code of the register KCODE. In blocks 49-1 to 49-n, almost the same processing as that of the routine 41 is performed, and the key-on signal KON of the channel to which the resonance pitch of the key related to the new key-off is assigned is cleared to "0". However, in routine 41, KON (KCH) ← if REV (KCH) = "0"
"0" is performed (blocks 45, 46), but block 49-
The corresponding processing in 1 to 49-n is REV (KCH)
KON (KCH) ← "0" is performed on condition that "= 1". Further, in the processing corresponding to the block 44, the key code of the resonance pitch obtained in each of the preceding blocks 48-1 to 48-n is compared with the contents of the key code memory CH (KCH).

Since the volume level of the resonance sound is low, the volume level of the original pitch is canceled while the key is being pressed, so that it cannot be heard very well. Therefore, even if the envelope waveform signal EV2 for the resonance sound is changed as shown in FIG. 2 (g) to rise to a predetermined low peak level based on the new key-off and then decay for a long time, this can be practically carried out without any trouble. In connection with this, the process of assigning each resonance pitch may be performed not at the time of new key on but at the time of new key off.

EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION As described above, according to the present invention, the resonance pitch data indicating one or a plurality of pitches that resonate with the designated pitch of the main body is generated according to the pitch designation, and the original designated pitch data is generated. Since the musical tone signal based on the resonance pitch data is generated together with the musical tone signal based on it, the structure for generating the musical tone signal of an arbitrary resonance pitch is simple and realizes a high-quality resonance effect. It has an excellent effect that it can.
In other words, since a tone with a pitch different from the originally specified pitch is generated corresponding to the resonance pitch data, a realistic resonance tone effect in which a string different from the playing string as in a piano or string instrument resonates. Moreover, since the resonance pitch can be changed by changing the resonance pitch data, the resonance pitch can be easily controlled and the configuration is simple.

Further, since it is possible to assign the designated pitch data and the resonance pitch data to any one of a plurality of tone generation channels to generate a tone signal corresponding thereto, a tone signal corresponding to any resonance pitch can be generated. The configuration for generating the tone can be performed even using the tone generation channel of the existing scale, and the configuration can be simplified, which is an excellent effect.

Further, in the above allocation, if the designated pitch data or the resonance pitch data is allocated to all the tone generation channels (that is, if there is no empty channel), the channel to which the resonance pitch data is allocated. Since any one of the above-mentioned assignments is canceled and the newly generated designated pitch data or resonance pitch data is assigned, the original designated pitch pronunciation allocation is ensured prior to the resonance pitch. In this way, it is possible to prevent inconveniences such as the fact that the originally specified pitch tone is muted or that the specified pitch tone cannot be pronounced, and the tone generation process does not cause any unnaturalness or discomfort. It has the excellent effect of being able to perform. Along with this, flexible control using a limited number of tone generation channels (for example, the number of resonance tones appropriately fluctuates according to the channel usage situation, giving priority to the generation of musical tones with the originally specified pitch). It has various excellent effects such as flexible control).

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the basic structure of the present invention, and FIG.
Figures (a), (b), (e), and (f) are diagrams showing an example of a normal envelope waveform signal for a specified pitch, and (c), (d), and (g) are resonances. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of an envelope waveform signal for pitch, FIG. 3 is an electrical block diagram of a hardware configuration showing an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 4 is an example of a memory configuration of the RAM shown in FIG. 5 and 5 are flow charts showing the outline of the processing procedure in the microcomputer unit of the embodiment, and FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a new key-on processing routine included in the key scanning and assignment processing block of FIG. FIG. 7 is a flow chart showing the outline of an example of the new key-off processing routine included in the block. 10,20 ... keyboard, 11 ... key press detection circuit, 12 ... resonance pitch data generating means, 13 ... musical tone signal generating means, 13A ... sound allocating means, 13B, 23 ... musical tone generating circuit, 14 , 22 …… Envelope generator, RSW …… Reverb switch.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A pitch of a musical tone to be generated is designated, and
A musical tone generation instruction means for instructing the start and stop of the generation of a musical tone, a designated pitch data indicating a pitch designated by the musical tone generation instruction means, and a tone designated by the musical tone generation instruction means. Pitch data generating means for generating resonance pitch data each indicating one or a plurality of pitches that resonate with the designated pitch according to the pitch, and a musical tone signal of any pitch corresponding to a plurality of musical tone generating channels. For assigning each of the designated pitch data and the resonance pitch data generated by the pitch data generation means to any of the tone generation channels. When the designated pitch data or the resonance pitch data is newly generated, the designated pitch data or the resonance pitch data is assigned among the tone generation channels of the musical tone signal generating means. If there is a designated channel, the newly generated designated pitch data or resonance pitch data is assigned to that channel, and designated pitch data or resonance pitch data is assigned to all musical tone generation channels of the musical tone signal generating means. If assigned, the assignment of any of the channels to which the resonance pitch data is assigned is canceled and the newly generated designated pitch data or resonance pitch data is assigned. An electronic musical instrument characterized in that a musical tone signal having a pitch corresponding to the pitch data assigned by the assigning means is generated in each tone generating channel of the tone signal generating means.