JPH0691797B2 - Feed additives for aquaculture - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial field of application] The present invention relates to a feed additive for aquaculture fish, and more specifically, it contains Bacillus toyoi cells or spores thereof, and promotes growth of fish and bacterial diseases. The present invention relates to a feed additive having a preventive effect on.

[Conventional technology and its problems]

In general, when a small amount of an antibacterial substance is administered to livestock, its growth is promoted, but even if it is administered to fish, the effect is not observed, and the reason is that there are few intestinal bacteria in the digestive tract of fish. Or, it was believed that it was almost nonexistent on an empty stomach ("Fish farming science", p. 234, Seiseisha Koseikaku edition, 1977).

Further, in recent years, for the purpose of preventing fish diseases caused by deterioration of the fishing ground environment such as overcrowding, water pollution due to sludge of food residues, and the like, addition and administration of antibacterial substances to feed have been performed. However, this also caused problems such as contamination of fishing grounds with antibacterial substances, accumulation and retention of antibacterial substances in fish bodies, and emergence of resistant bacteria.

For this reason, at present, vitamins, minerals, animal and vegetable oils and fats, etc. are only supplementarily used for the purpose of promoting the growth of fish.

Therefore, it has been desired to develop a feed additive that does not have the above-mentioned drawbacks such as an antibacterial substance and can promote the growth of fish and prevent the diseases of fish.

[Means for Solving Problems] In such an actual situation, the present inventors have conducted diligent research, and as a result, Bacillus toyoi cells or spores thereof have an action of significantly promoting the growth of fish, and fish. The inventors have found that they have an excellent preventive effect against diseases and completed the present invention.

That is, the present invention provides a feed additive for aquaculture fish containing Bacillus toyoi cells or spores thereof as an active ingredient.

In the present invention, Bacillus toyoi
The fungus is "feed and feed industry". Volume 18, No. 12, pp. 45-48 (1978), and Bacillus cereus T-7112 (Ministry of Industrial Science, Microbiology Co., 1214) described in Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 52-8381.
No.). The cells and the spores formed by them can be collected by the method described in JP-B-52-8381.

This Bacillus toyoi cell or spore already has the effect of promoting animal growth, the effect of treating ruminant rumen fermentation abnormalities and the effect of treating Escherichia coli diarrhea in the above "feed and feed industry". However, it has been reported that it is added to animal feed for such a purpose, but no studies have been conducted so far on the effects of the cells and spores on fish.

The feed additive for aquatic fish culture of the present invention may be Bacillus toyoi cells or spores, respectively, but may also be formulated with excipients commonly used in such cases, such as calcium carbonate and dextrin. . As the formulation, for example, toyoserin (trade name) powder (spores 10 ¹⁰ cells / g) toyoserin powder (spores 10 ⁹ cells / g) prepared by adding Bacillus toyoi spores to calcium carbonate or the like is known. ing.

In this formulation, in the above-mentioned bacterial cells, spores, additives that are generally used for feed fortification, such as vitamin A,
B ₁ , B ₂ , B ₆ , B ₁₂ ,, C, D ₃ ,, E, K ₃ , choline, pantothenic acid,
Vitamins such as biotin, nicotinic acid, inositol and folic acid; minerals such as calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, magnesium, iron, zinc, manganese, copper, cobalt, selenium, molybdenum, chlorine, iodine and sulfur;
Methionine, lysine, tryptophan, glutamic acid,
Amino acids such as glycine and alanine; enzymes such as protease, lipase, cellulase, amylase and pectinase; antibacterial substances, antibacterial agents such as sulfa drugs; vaccines,
Anthelmintic agents and the like can be added.

The method of adding the feed additive of the present invention to the aquaculture feed is not particularly limited, but generally, it is added to and mixed with a raw feed or a compounded feed, or in the case of dry pellets, a method of adhering with oil, water, etc. Done by. For example, 0.05% to 0.2% Bacillus Toyoi of spores 10 ¹⁰ / g to feed
It is desirable to add such that the spores of Bacillus toyoi are 10 ⁵ cells / g or more per fish weight, from the viewpoints of growth promotion, prevention of fish diseases and economical efficiency.

The feed containing the feed additive of the present invention can be fed to various aquatic animals to obtain its effect.
It has excellent effects on yellowtail, Thailand, horse mackerel, flounder, salmon, tilapia, carp, etc. The feeding period to these fishes is not particularly limited, but in the case of mixed feed-fed fish, it is recommended to give them for a long period from the time of ingestion of the feed to the time of shipment, and in the case of raw feed-fed fish, to the time of shipment due to the introduction of cultured fish. preferable.

In particular, it is preferable to feed at the fry stage or during the introduction of aquaculture, when changing the netting, at the time of selection, when the water temperature suddenly changes, and at the finishing time.

[Action]

Although the details of the preventive effect of the disease and the growth promoting effect on the fish of Bacillus toyoi of the present invention of Bacillus toyoi are not clear, the fungus grows in the intestine and inhibits the growth and colonization of pathogenic bacteria and harmful bacteria, This is probably because the fungus enhances the digestive and absorption ability of fish, because the fungus detoxifies harmful substances generated in the fish body or prevents the production thereof.

〔The invention's effect〕

When the feed containing the feed additive of the present invention is fed to the nest-producing animals, the growth is fast, the growth degree is uniform, and the body color is vivid. Furthermore, since the Bacillus toyoi cells are non-toxic, there is no fear of contaminating the fishing ground, and problems such as resistant bacteria do not occur.

〔Example〕

 Next, the present invention will be described with reference to examples.

Example 1 (1) Experimental method 3 kg (about 20,000 fish) of glass eels were distributed in 1.5 kg (about 10,000 fish) groups to set up 2 zones. The test section was fed with a compounded feed containing 0.1% of toyoserin powder (middle part feed, feed for eel feeding) (10 ⁷ / g as spores of Bacillus toyoi),
Two control groups were set as a control group, which was fed with a compound feed containing only 0.1% of calcium carbonate. These feeds were fed continuously for 4 weeks, and dead fish were counted every day. The dead fish were investigated for etiology.

(2) Experimental results The results are shown in Table 1.

As shown in Table 1, the number of deaths in the test group was 45, whereas the number in the control group was 215, showing a clear difference. E. tarda was isolated from all dead fish and was diagnosed with paracolo disease.

From the above, it was confirmed that the addition of toyoserin to the feed has the effect of reducing the number of deaths of glass eels due to paracolo disease.

Example 2 (1) Experimental method 120 eel fry (crocodile) 120 fish were distributed by 60 fish each, and 2 groups were set. Toyoserine powder 0.1% (1 × 10 ⁷ pieces / g) and E.ta were added to the mixed feed (middle feed, eel feeding feed) in the test area.
1 × 10 ⁸ rda / g of rda was added to the control group, and the control group was given the same amount of E. tarda as the test group added to the compound feed. The feed amount was 5% of the fish weight in both groups, and the administration was continued for 10 days. After the administration, only the mixed feed was given and observed for 30 days.

(2) Experimental results The results are shown in Table 2.

As shown in Table 2, the number of deaths in the test group was 30, whereas in the control group, all the solids were dead by the 8th day of administration, and a clear difference was observed. All deaths were diagnosed as due to paracolo disease.

From the above, it was confirmed that feeding the eel juvenile larvae with the addition of toyoserin had the effect of reducing the number of deaths due to paracolo disease.

Example 3 (1) Experimental method 20 kg (about 100,000 fish) of glass eel were divided into 10 kg (about 50,000 fish) and set in 2 groups. The test plots were compounded feed containing 0.1% toyoserin powder (Kumiai compounded feed, shirasu, and kuroko-nourishing feeds) (as spores of P. toys)
Two groups were set as a group fed with 10 ⁷ cells / g) and a control group fed with a compound feed containing only 0.1% of calcium carbonate. These feeds were administered from feeding to an average body weight of 10 g / tail. After the end of administration, switch to normal formula feed,
The weight gain, mortality rate, and shipping volume at 6 months and 8 months after feeding were investigated.

(2) Experimental results The results are shown in Tables 3, 4, and 5.

As shown in Tables 3 to 5, the test plots showed clear differences in the growth days, mortality rate and shipping amount from the control plots. or,
Compared with the control group, the toyoserine-treated group had a better body color and gloss, and its growth was more uniform, so the number of times of selection was small and the appearance of litter fish was also small. The odor of sludge was also significantly reduced.

From the above, it was confirmed that the addition of toyoserin to the feed has the effect of promoting growth and reducing the number of mortality.

Example 4 (1) Experimental method 33,000 fish larvae with a fish weight of 50 g were divided into 16,500 fish each, and set in 2 groups. Vitamin premix (Vitamarine N, manufactured by Mitaka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) 1.5% and toyoserine were added to the test plots at a feed rate of 1 × 10 ⁸ per fish, and the control plots were supplemented with vitamin premixes. A raw feed supplemented with only 1.5% was given. The administration was performed 82 times in total for 4 months, and the feeding amount, the number of dead fish and the weight gain were investigated.

(2) Experimental results The results are shown in Table 6.

As shown in Table 6, in the test plots, clear differences in the number of mortality and the amount of weight gain were recognized as compared with the control plots. The yellow pattern peculiar to Hamachi was also fresh.

From the above, it was confirmed that feeding the diet containing toyoserine added to juvenile yellowtail had the effects of reducing the number of deaths and promoting growth.

Example 5 (1) Experimental method 8,000 juvenile yellowtail fish with a fish weight of 200 g were divided into 4,000 fish to be set in 2 groups. Vitamin premix (Vitamarine N, manufactured by Mitaka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) 1.5% and toyoserine were added to the test plots at a feed rate of 1 × 10 ⁸ per fish, and the control plots were supplemented with vitamin premixes. A raw feed supplemented with only 1.5% was given. The administration was performed for 4 weeks (25 times in total), and the feeding amount, the number of dead fish and the weight gain were investigated.

(2) Experimental results The results are shown in Table 7.

As shown in Table 7, in the test plot, the number of deaths,
There was a clear difference with the weight gain. Also, the body color was good.

From the above, it was confirmed that feeding the diet containing toyoserine added to juvenile yellowtail had the effects of reducing the number of deaths and promoting growth.

Example 6 (1) Experimental method 10,000 juvenile yellowtail fish with a fish weight of 30 g were divided into 5,000 fish, and set in 2 groups. 1 toyoserine per test in test area
The raw feed was added so that the number became 10 ⁸ × 10 ⁸ and only the raw feed was given to the control group. The administration was performed 38 times in total for 45 days, before the administration of toyoserin (0 days), and on the 14th, 1st and 45th days after the administration, 5 fish were arbitrarily collected from each of the sections immediately before the administration of live food, and then, in the intestine The number of bacteria of P. toys and total number of bacteria under aerobic conditions were measured. However, during the test, 20 mg / titer / kg body weight of ampicillin was continuously administered for 5 days each on the 14th to 18th days and the 26th to 30th days after the administration.

(2) Experimental results The results are shown in Table 8.

As shown in Table 8, it can be seen that the administration of Patillus toyoi reduces the enterobacteria of Hamachi, and the bacteria are replaced with Patillus toyoi. Also, the influence of the number of intestinal bacteria by administration of antibiotics is small. On the other hand, in the control group, the number of intestinal bacteria decreased due to the administration of antibiotics, but it tended to increase soon after the administration was stopped.

Fish are generally said to have little or no intestinal bacteria, and the total number of bacteria in this test is considered to be derived from live food. The exclusive effect of Patillus Toyoi is expected.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A feed additive for aquaculture, which contains Bacillus toyoi cells or spores thereof as an active ingredient.