JPH0690743B2 - IC card processing device and IC card - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an IC card processing device and an IC card.

(Prior Art) Conventionally, a passive data carrier such as a hole, a metal insert, a visible or invisible optical code pattern, and a magnetic stripe has been widely used as a card on which various data are recorded.

On the other hand, as a result of advances in microelectronics, it has become possible to incorporate active electronic circuits such as microprocessors, RMUs and RAMs into cards, so that not only can the data recorded on the card be taken out to a terminal (processor) but also the terminal IC cards capable of two-way data exchange have emerged, which can also write data from a machine to the card.

When this IC card is used, it is necessary to connect the card and the terminal by means of electrical mutual transmission means in order to supply power to the electronic circuit and exchange data. And, as this electrical mutual transmission means,
Some have electrical contacts on both the card and the terminal.

However, the electrical contact is liable to be unreliable because the electrical contact is liable to cause contact failure due to contamination due to use of the card and may be damaged when the card is bent.

Therefore, non-contact type transmission such as capacitive transmission, transmission by light or heat, transmission by modulation harmonics, and transmission by induction method has been proposed. Some of these can be used for terminal-to-card transmission, but not for card-to-terminal transmission. Because it requires a large space and cannot be installed on a memory card that conforms to the ISO standard, or a special signal shaper composed of analog electronic components is used to convert the transmitted signal to its original form. Because it is necessary.

The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and a method and apparatus for processing an IC card that is compact in shape, has a simple circuit configuration, and can perform mutual data transmission between the card and the terminal, and Provide an IC card.

(Means and Actions for Solving the Problem) To achieve this object, in the present invention, each of the IC card and the processing device has two coils and one coil.
Two magnetic detection means are provided so that one pair of coils can be formed between the IC card and the processing device, and two pairs of coils and the magnetic detection means can be formed by forming a common magnetic path. To transmit an electromagnetic field having a clock frequency to form a clock signal and a power supply current, and to couple a coil and a magnetic detecting means to transmit a data signal, and the data signal is transmitted by an IC card and When transmitting from one of the processing devices to the other, the transmission from the other to the one is stopped.

Here, each coil for the IC card power supply and clock and for data transmission is formed as a flat coil, and the flat coil for data transmission of the IC card is provided with, for example, a semiconductor magnetic detection element at the center thereof, The data transmission coil is wound around an annular ferrite core having an IC card insertion gap, and a semiconductor magnetic detection element is provided in this gap.

With the above configuration, mutual transmission of data including a control command can be performed between the IC card and the processing device without using electrical contacts.

(Embodiment) The present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 shows the configuration of a processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, 101 is a clock generator, which generates a 4.9152 MHz clock. On the other hand, this clock is amplified by the amplifier 102, given to the power transmission coil 103, and sent out to an IC card (not shown). The clock generated by the clock generator 101 is given to the frequency dividing circuit 11, and two types of clocks of 300 Hz and 9.6 KHz are formed. The clock of 300Hz is given to the reset circuit 12,
It serves as a timing signal when data transmission / reception is continuously performed a plurality of times. From this reset circuit 12 to the timing circuit 13
The gate 18 for receiving data, the gate 14 for transmitting data, the data control circuit 17, and the elements connected to these elements of the processing device are reset via the. This reset can also be performed by detecting the insertion of the IC card.

The other clock, the 9.6 KHz clock, is the timing circuit 13, the receive data gate 18, and the transmit data gate.
14 and the data control circuit 17 and serve as a reference for the operation timing of each of these elements. The data control circuit 17 in each of these elements adds data from the memory 20 to the transmission coil 15 by adding a start signal via the transmission data gate 14, or outputs data from the data control circuit 17 from the Hall IC 16. The control is given to the display device 19 via the reception data gate 18.

FIG. 2 shows a configuration of an IC card which is inserted into the processing apparatus of FIG. 1 and is supplied with a power supply / clock electromagnetic field from the processing apparatus to perform data transmission with the processing apparatus.

The electromagnetic field having the clock frequency (4.9152 MHz) transmitted from the power transmission coil 103 of the processing device is received by the power reception coil 104, the clock signal is extracted by the clock extraction circuit 105 and is given to the first frequency dividing circuit 31, and rectified. The power supply voltage + V is taken out by the circuit 106 and supplied to each circuit element.

The first frequency dividing circuit 31 divides the 4.9152 MHz clock signal by 1
A 53.6 KHz clock signal is formed and supplied to the waveform rectification circuit 32 and the second circuit 33. The waveform shaping circuit 32 takes out the start signal and gives it to the second frequency dividing circuit 33, and at the same time, takes out data from the clock signal and the data signal received by the Hall IC 34 and gives it to the data control circuit 35. Further, the second frequency dividing circuit 33 forms a 9.6 KHz clock signal from the 153.6 KHz clock signal and supplies it to the end signal circuit 41, the timing circuit 36, the transmission data gate 39 and the data control circuit 35.

The timing circuit 36 determines the operation timing of the data control circuit 35, the transmission data gate 39 and the end signal circuit 41 based on the 9.6 KHz clock signal. The timing circuit 36 first operates the data control circuit 35 to supply the reception data from the waveform rectification circuit 32 to the comparison circuit 37 to compare it with the data stored in the memory 38, and then to the data control circuit 35 and the transmission data gate 39. Is operated to apply the comparison result of the comparison circuit 37 to the transmission coil 40 via the transmission data gate 39 and send it to the processing device (FIG. 1). After this, the timing circuit 36 turns the end signal circuit 41
To stop the operation of the second frequency dividing circuit 33.

Next, the emphasizing operation of the processing device of FIG. 1 and the IC card of FIG. 2 will be described.

When the IC card is inserted into the processing device, an electromagnetic field having a clock frequency is applied from the power transmitting coil 103 of the processing device to the power receiving coil 104 of the IC card, which enables the IC card to supply power and generate a clock. .

On the other hand, the card insertion detection means (not shown) activates the reset circuit 12 to give a signal to the timing circuit 13, reset each circuit connected to the timing circuit 13, and activate the data control circuit 17 to operate the memory 20. The stored data is sent to the transmission coil 15 via the transmission data gate 14. At this time, the transmission data gate 14 adds a start signal to the beginning of the transmission data and sends it.

The data transmitted by the transmission coil 15 is detected by the Hall IC 34 in the IC card and given to the waveform shaping circuit 32. The waveform shaping circuit 32 detects the start signal added first in the received data signal and supplies it to the second frequency dividing circuit 33 to start the operation of the second frequency dividing circuit 33. As a result, the second frequency dividing circuit 33 starts to output the 9.6 KHz clock.

The waveform shaping circuit 32 subsequently gives a data signal to the data control circuit 35. In this state, the timing circuit 36 causes the data given to the data control circuit 35 to be given to the comparison circuit 37 and compared with the data from the memory 38.
Then, the comparison result is taken out by the data control circuit 35. After this, the timing circuit 36 turns on the transmission data gate 39.
Is opened to allow the data control circuit 35 to give the comparison result to the transmission coil 40.

The comparison result sent from the transmission coil 40 is received by the Hall IC 16 of the processing device and given to the data control circuit 17. When the comparison result is given from the IC card, the timing circuit 13 displays the comparison result in the data control circuit 17 via the reception data gate 18 on the display unit.
Give to 19 and display. This display will be read by an inspector or a staff member and an appropriate reception will be given to the IC card user.

FIG. 3 shows each circuit configuration of the power supply system and the data transmission / reception system of the processing device 1 and the IC card 2 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. The left side is the processor 1, the right side is the IC card 2, and the right side is the IC card 2.
Is inserted in the processing device 1.

First, regarding the power supply system, from the clock signal generator 101
Based on the 4.9152 MHz clock signal, the RF oscillator 102 supplies harmonic power to the power supply plane coil 103. That is, when the clock signal is H, diode D ₁ is off, D ₂ is on and transistor Q ₁₁ is on, thus Q
_{21 is} also on, while transistor Q ₁₂ is off, so Q ₂₂
Will also turn off. Conversely, when the clock signal goes low, diode D ₁ turns on, D ₂ turns off and transistor Q ₁₁ turns off, thus turning Q ₂₁ off, while transistor Q ₁₂ turns on and therefore Q ₂₂ turns on. Become. This results in FE
The TQ ₂₃ turns on and off at 4.9152 MHz to energize the coil 103.

As a result, a harmonic current is induced in the power receiving coil 104 of the IC card 2, and the induced current is taken out as a clock signal on the one hand, rectified by the diode D on the other hand, and passed through a smoothing circuit, and then a constant voltage circuit. Converted to a constant voltage output given to 106A. This constant voltage output is supplied to each circuit in the IC card 2 through the noise removing circuit.

Next, the data transmission / reception system is as follows. First, IC card 2
The data transmission system from the processor to the processor 1 will be described below.
Now the output data gate 39 to 960 for the output amplifier 40A
Given a 0 BPS data signal, this data signal is applied to the transistor Q ₂₈ via the inverter INV ₂ on the one hand and directly to the transistor Q ₂₇ on the other hand. As a result, the transistors Q ₂₇ and Q ₂₈ are turned on and off in opposite phases, and the data output coil 40 is energized in the forward and reverse directions. As a result, the coil 40 generates a forward magnetic field and a reverse magnetic field, and this magnetic field is detected by the Hall element 16 of the processing device 1, and the input amplifier
It is amplified by the 16A transistor Q ₂₄ and then sent to the data control circuit 17. The input amplifier 16A is provided with a variable resistor VR ₁ for adjusting the zero point of the Hall element 16 and a variable resistor VR ₂ for adjusting the gain of the input amplifier 16A.

Next, a data transmission system from the processing device 1 to the IC card 1 will be described. When 9600BPS data signal from the transmission data gate 14 to now output amplifier 15A is provided, the data signal is applied to the transistor Q ₂₅ via the inverter INV ₁ whereas, given directly to the transistor Q ₂₆ on the other hand. As a result, the transistors Q ₂₅ and Q ₂₆ are turned on and off in mutually opposite phases, and the data output coil 15 is energized in the forward and reverse directions. This causes the coil 15 to generate forward and reverse magnetic fields, which are detected by the Hall element 34 of the IC card 2, amplified by the transistor Q ₂₉ of the input amplifier 34A, and then output to the waveform shaping circuit 32. Similar input amplifier 16A of the processing apparatus 1 to the input amplifier 34A, the gain adjustment and the zero point adjustment of the Hall element is performed by the variable resistor VR _3, VR _4.

4 and 5 show an IC card processing device 1 according to the present invention.
It shows the state when the IC card is put on and the processing operation is performed. Here, the entire processing apparatus 1 is not shown, and a power supply system including a power transmission coil 103 and power transmission circuits 101 and 102, a ferrite core, a coil 15, and a Hall element.
A data transmission / reception system consisting of 16 is shown as a representative of the processing device 1. And power transmission coil 103
The magnetic gap provided in the ferrite core and the magnetic core are arranged so as to belong to the same plane, and the Hall element 16 is provided at the center of the end face of the ferrite core facing the magnetic gap. Corresponding to this, also in the IC card 2, the power receiving coil 104, the data input hall element 34, and the data output coil 40 are provided on the card surface.

Then, if the IC card 2 is inserted into the processing device 1 at a predetermined position, the power supply system and the data transmission / reception system are connected to each other. That is, one magnetic circuit is formed for each of the power supply system and the data transmission / reception system.

6 to 10 are views for explaining another embodiment of the present invention, which will be described.

Electric signal by combination of magnetic coil and Hall sensor,
If possible, it is possible to exchange a series of digital signals in the form of a magnetic state between the terminal and the card and return the magnetic signals to a series of electrical states without distortion. Two
In the case of transmission between the individual coils 15,201 (FIG. 6), the signal is differentiated according to the law of induction and must therefore be restored by the electronic circuit. On the other hand, Hall sensor
202 provides a voltage proportional to the magnetic field. The voltage reproduces the magnetic field by the coil 15 without distortion.

As shown in FIG. 7, the main components of the discriminator are the power supply 204, the hall sensor 34, the writing coil 40, the logic circuits 207, 208, and
209 and memory. The power source 204 is a resonant circuit tuned to the frequency of the terminal and includes a rectifier and a voltage regulator.
In another example, it may be replaced with a solar cell or a normal cell. The integrated circuit includes a counter 207, a shift register 208,
And a comparator 209. The circuit on the card side can integrate the logic circuit memory including the Hall sensor into one integrated circuit. If the discriminator is a flat card, the resonant circuit of the power supply is most easily made by the printing / nitching technique. Directly above the Hall sensor is a flat write coil concentric with the Hall sensor. The parts of these identifying devices have a sandwich structure made of plastic or paper so that the contacts exposed to the outside can be eliminated.

As shown in FIG. 8, the most important unit in the terminal corresponds to the discriminator unit. The terminal also has a writing coil 15, a hall sensor 16, a counter 212, and a shift register 213.

The magnetic circuit is composed of an annular ferrite core. The magnetic circuit is arranged in a set with the terminal, the coil of the card and the Hall sensor, as shown in FIG. 9 using the example of transmission from the terminal to the card. The function of this ferrite core is to concentrate the magnetic field for higher efficiency and to avoid external magnetic fields which may interfere with the transmission. The writing coil 15 in the terminal is wound directly on the ferrite core.

For signal transmission, the card is inserted into the terminal so that the Hall sensor 34 in the card terminates between the magnetic poles of the ferrite core. The Hall sensor 16 in the terminal is directly attached to the magnetic pole of the ferrite core and is located on the write coil 40 or above the Hall sensor 40 of the card when the card is inserted into the terminal. A rectangular electric signal is supplied to the write coil 15 wound around the ferrite core in the terminal, thereby generating a magnetic signal. The magnetic signal is received by the hall sensor 34. The magnetic signal received by the Hall sensor 34 is converted into a rectangular electric signal. The rectangular electrical signal received in series is
It is converted into parallel rectangular signals by the shift register 220 in the card and then compared with a predetermined signal in the comparator. Then, if both signals are equal, a response signal, y2 in this example, which can be configured on demand, is provided.

When the discriminator is inserted into the terminal, a harmonic generator configured to supply power to the discriminator is operated to generate a harmonic field, and the harmonic field is generated from the harmonic field. A pulse is obtained at the machine and discriminator (not shown).

When this device is stopped, the writing coil in the terminal
15 is on, ie a magnetic field is present. When the start command is given, the magnetic field generated by the write coil 15 becomes zero. The card detects the change in its magnetic field and triggers the generation of pulses in the discriminator. At the frequency of the pulse, the binary data stored in the terminal is sent in the form of magnetic pulses via the writing coil 15 in series byte by byte (1 byte is 8 bits) to the Hall sensor 34 of the card, The hall sensor 34 returns the electric signal.

The electrical signals are stored serially in the shift register 220 in the card and after the transmission is complete (8 bits after each) the electrical signals are compared with the data records stored in the card. . When all the transmissions are completed, the writing coil 15 of the terminal is set. If the data supplied by the terminal is the same as the recording on the card, the signal "Ye
"s" (eg 1 bit) is the card shift register 220
And the data supplied by the terminal is not the same as the recording in the card, a signal "No" (eg 8 bits) is provided to the shift register 220 of the card,
The pulses are sent to the terminal through the writing coil of the card and the hall sensor 16 of the terminal, where they are processed and displayed.

FIG. 10 is a timing waveform diagram of signals in the card and the terminal. The upper signal in Fig. 10 shows a pulse common to the terminal and the card. In this embodiment, a series of signals containing 18 clock pulses is used for transmission and return. It consists in each case of twice the 8-bit data transmission, one start bit and a dwell time of about 1 bit long at the end of the transmission. A start bit is always indicated for the transmitted data, immediately following the 8 data bits.

The terminal is ready to receive a response signal of up to 8 bits length sent back by the card to which the start bit is sent. For the card, a response signal is generated in the comparator after receiving the data. The comparator defines the type of response and at the same time activates the data transmitter of the card. When the response is over, an end signal is given. The end signal terminates the operation of the card's data transmitter and allows the card to receive the next data set.

〔The invention's effect〕

Since the present invention is configured as described above and transmits and receives control commands and data between the terminal and the IC card in a contactless manner, it is not necessary to form an electrical contact on the card surface, which is a drawback of the conventional contact method. There is no risk of contact failure due to dirt on the card, contact wear, or damage to electronic components inside the card due to static electricity, and data can be exchanged even if the card is slightly bent.

Also, in the conventional non-contact method, the number of circuit components increases and becomes complicated, and it tends to occupy the space of the card, but since the magnetic circuit using the hall sensor and the plane coil is used for transmission and reception, the transmission and reception unit is Further, the Hall sensor and the plane coil can be concentrically formed, and the microprocessor including the Hall sensor, the logic circuit and the memory can be integrated into one integrated circuit, so that the size can be further reduced.

In addition, since the Hall sensor receives the magnetic signal, it can be converted to an electric signal without distortion and does not require analog electronic parts in the circuit, which simplifies the circuit operation and makes it highly reliable. It became possible to exchange data in both directions.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a card processing device according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an IC card, and FIG. 3 is a relation between the processing device and the IC card. Fig.4 shows the circuit configuration together with Fig.4 shows the IC
FIG. 5 is an explanatory view showing a state in which the card is placed on the processing device.
FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing a state in which the IC card is applied to the processing device, FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram showing an experimental comparison during transmission from the coil to the coil and from the coil to the hall sensor, and FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram of the discriminator. FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram of the terminal, FIG. 9 is a layout diagram of a ferrite core as a magnetic circuit, and FIG. 10 is a timing waveform diagram of signals in the terminal and the card. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Card processing device, 2 ... IC card, 15, 40 ... Data output coil, 16, 34 ... Hall element, 103 ... Power transmission coil, 10
4… Power receiving coil.

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. Having data transmission and data processing elements
Performs non-contact electromagnetic data transmission with the IC card via a magnetic circuit formed by a core with a gap.
In a processing device for an IC card, a transmitter coil wound around a core having a gap and transmitting data to the IC card as an electromagnetic field signal, and
When data is given as an electromagnetic field signal from an IC card, a magnetic detection element that forms an electrical signal corresponding to the electromagnetic field signal, a signal transfer means provided in the magnetic circuit, and the magnetic detection element A data processing circuit for processing the data signal of, and an IC card processing device comprising: 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic detection element is provided in the gap of the core. 3. An IC card processing device having a data storage element and a data processing element, and having a magnetic circuit formed by a core having a gap, and is inserted into an IC card processing device to perform data contactless electromagnetic communication with the processing device. In an IC card for transmission, a semiconductor magnetic detection element that receives an electromagnetic field signal from the IC card processing device and forms an electric signal corresponding to this electromagnetic field signal as reception data, and a data processing that processes this reception data signal A semiconductor coil and a transmission coil that sends the result processed by the data processing circuit to the IC card processing device as an electromagnetic field signal, and when inserted into the IC card processing device, the semiconductor magnetic detection element and the transmission coil An IC card, comprising: a signal transmitting / receiving unit arranged in the gap of the core for transmitting / receiving a signal. 4. The IC card according to claim 3, wherein the transmission coil is a flat coil, and the semiconductor magnetic detection element is arranged at the center of the flat coil.