JPH0684241B2 - Fuel reformer for fuel cell - Google Patents
Fuel reformer for fuel cellInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0684241B2 JPH0684241B2 JP60275943A JP27594385A JPH0684241B2 JP H0684241 B2 JPH0684241 B2 JP H0684241B2 JP 60275943 A JP60275943 A JP 60275943A JP 27594385 A JP27594385 A JP 27594385A JP H0684241 B2 JPH0684241 B2 JP H0684241B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- gas
- fuel cell
- reformer
- reactor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
- H01M8/0625—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material in a modular combined reactor/fuel cell structure
- H01M8/0631—Reactor construction specially adapted for combination reactor/fuel cell
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01B—BOILING; BOILING APPARATUS ; EVAPORATION; EVAPORATION APPARATUS
- B01B1/00—Boiling; Boiling apparatus for physical or chemical purposes ; Evaporation in general
- B01B1/005—Evaporation for physical or chemical purposes; Evaporation apparatus therefor, e.g. evaporation of liquids for gas phase reactions
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 〔発明の技術分野〕 本発明は燃料電池の燃料改質装置に関するものである。Description: TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a fuel reformer for a fuel cell.
燃料電池の構成は、大きくは燃料を水素ガスに改質する
改質器と、この改質器から発生した水素ガスを空気（酸
素）と反応させて水と電気エネルギに変える燃料電池本
体とからなっている。従来、燃料電池の開発は液化天然
ガスを燃料として使用するプラント級の大型のものが主
であったが、最近では自動車等で手軽に搬送できる小型
の燃料電池の開発も要望されている。The structure of a fuel cell is roughly composed of a reformer that reforms fuel into hydrogen gas, and a fuel cell body that reacts the hydrogen gas generated from this reformer with air (oxygen) into water and electric energy. Has become. Conventionally, the development of fuel cells has been mainly large plant-class ones that use liquefied natural gas as a fuel, but recently, there has also been a demand for the development of a small fuel cell that can be easily transported by an automobile or the like.
このような小型の燃料電池では、一般に燃料としてメタ
ノールと水の混合液体が使用される場合があり、この混
合燃料を気化し、反応器において高温で水素ガス主体の
改質ガスを発生させるようにしている。In such a small-sized fuel cell, a mixed liquid of methanol and water is generally used as a fuel, and the mixed fuel is vaporized to generate a reformed gas mainly composed of hydrogen gas at a high temperature in the reactor. ing.
このように混合燃料から改質ガスを発生させる反応は吸
熱反応であるので、小型燃料電池として小型化或いは可
搬性を一層向上させるには、吸熱反応に対する熱効率を
向上させなければその大幅な向上を図ることには限界が
ある。As described above, the reaction for generating the reformed gas from the mixed fuel is an endothermic reaction. Therefore, in order to further reduce the size of the small fuel cell or improve portability, if the thermal efficiency for the endothermic reaction is not improved, the large improvement is required. There are limits to what can be done.
本発明の目的は、改質ガスを発生させる吸熱反応の熱効
率を向上させ、燃料電池の一層の小型化や可搬性の向上
を可能にする燃料改質装置を提供することにある。An object of the present invention is to provide a fuel reforming apparatus that improves the thermal efficiency of an endothermic reaction that generates a reformed gas, and that enables further downsizing of a fuel cell and improvement of portability.
上記目的を達成する本発明は、加熱ガスが供給される加
熱室内に反応器を設け、該反応器内で気化燃料を水素ガ
ス主体の改質ガスに変化させる燃料電池の燃料改質装置
において、前記加熱室及び反応器のガス出口の少なくと
も一方に、多孔質セラミックスからなるガス通過層を配
置したことを特徴とするものである。The present invention to achieve the above object, in a fuel reformer of a fuel cell, wherein a reactor is provided in a heating chamber to which a heating gas is supplied, and the vaporized fuel is changed to a reforming gas mainly composed of hydrogen gas in the reactor, A gas passage layer made of porous ceramics is disposed at at least one of the heating chamber and the gas outlet of the reactor.
以下、本発明を図に示す実施例により説明する。 The present invention will be described below with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings.
第３図は、メタノールと水との混合燃料を使用する場合
の燃料電池のシステム図である。30は詳細を後述する改
質器であり、上記メタノールと水との混合燃料を150〜5
00℃の高温で反応させて水素ガスを主成分とする改質ガ
スにし、それを燃料電池本体31に供給するようにしてい
る。この改質器30での反応は、次の反応式で表される吸
熱反応である。FIG. 3 is a system diagram of a fuel cell when a mixed fuel of methanol and water is used. Reference numeral 30 is a reformer whose details will be described later, and the mixed fuel of the above methanol and water is added in an amount of 150 to 5
The reformed gas containing hydrogen gas as a main component is reacted at a high temperature of 00 ° C. and is supplied to the fuel cell main body 31. The reaction in the reformer 30 is an endothermic reaction represented by the following reaction formula.
CH3OH＋H2O→3H2＋CO2−11.8kcal 上記燃料電池本体31には別に空気が供給され、上記改質
ガス中の水素ガスがこの空気中の酸素と反応させられて
水と電気を発生する。この電気は直流のまま使用するこ
ともできるが、インバータ32で変換すれば交流としても
使用することができる。CH 3 OH + H 2 O → 3H 2 + CO 2 -11.8kcal Air is separately supplied to the fuel cell main body 31, and hydrogen gas in the reformed gas is reacted with oxygen in the air to generate water and electricity. To do. This electricity can be used as it is as a direct current, but can also be used as an alternating current if converted by the inverter 32.
第1,2図は、本発明の実施例による上記改質器30を示す
ものである。１は環状に形成された燃料蒸発器で、その
周囲に複数の燃料供給ノズル2,……,2が取り付けられて
いる。この燃料供給ノズル２はメタノールと水との混合
燃料を燃料蒸発器１内に供給する。このような燃料蒸発
器１の下にはバーナ３が設けられ、このバーナ３によっ
て燃料蒸発器１が直接加熱され、燃料供給ノズル２から
供給された液状の燃料が気化されるようになっている。1 and 2 show the reformer 30 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Reference numeral 1 denotes a ring-shaped fuel evaporator, around which a plurality of fuel supply nozzles 2, ..., 2 are attached. The fuel supply nozzle 2 supplies a mixed fuel of methanol and water into the fuel evaporator 1. A burner 3 is provided below the fuel evaporator 1, and the fuel evaporator 1 is directly heated by the burner 3 so that the liquid fuel supplied from the fuel supply nozzle 2 is vaporized. .
燃料蒸発器１の上面には環形状に沿って複数の反応管4,
……,4が垂直に立設され、それぞれ燃料蒸発器１の内部
と連通している。反応管４の中には、ペレット状の白
金，ロジウム，あるいは銅系などの触媒が充填された触
媒層５が、グラスウール層13,13に支持されて設けられ
ている。これら燃料蒸発器１と反応管４からなる一体構
造体の全周囲は、筒状の内壁８と、グラスウール，セラ
ミックウール，あるいはそれらのフォーム等からなる断
熱層９と、外壁10からなる断熱部で囲まれ、さらに内壁
８の内側に多孔層セラミックスからなるガス通過層14が
設けられている。On the upper surface of the fuel evaporator 1, a plurality of reaction tubes 4,
..., 4 are vertically installed and communicate with the inside of the fuel evaporator 1, respectively. In the reaction tube 4, a catalyst layer 5 filled with a catalyst such as pellet-shaped platinum, rhodium, or copper is supported by the glass wool layers 13, 13. The entire circumference of the integrated structure consisting of the fuel evaporator 1 and the reaction tube 4 is a cylindrical inner wall 8, a heat insulating layer 9 made of glass wool, ceramic wool, foams thereof, or the like, and a heat insulating portion made of an outer wall 10. A gas passage layer 14 made of porous layer ceramics is provided inside and further inside the inner wall 8.
上記複数の反応管4,……,4の上端出口には、多孔質セラ
ミックスからなる改質ガス通過層15を介して集合部６が
設けられている。同時に集合部６の下面は筒状の内壁８
の上端を閉塞状態にし、バーナ３の加熱ガスが上方へ抜
けないようにしている。このような内壁８の上部には、
多数の排気孔11,……,11が断熱層9,外壁10を通って外側
へ連通するように設けられており、加熱ガスが上記ガス
通過層14を経由して外側へ排出されるようになってい
る。At the upper end outlets of the plurality of reaction tubes 4, ..., 4, a collecting portion 6 is provided via a reformed gas passage layer 15 made of porous ceramics. At the same time, the lower surface of the collecting portion 6 has a cylindrical inner wall 8
The upper end of the burner 3 is closed so that the heating gas of the burner 3 does not escape upward. In the upper part of such an inner wall 8,
A large number of exhaust holes 11, ..., 11 are provided so as to communicate with the outside through the heat insulating layer 9 and the outer wall 10, so that the heating gas is discharged to the outside through the gas passage layer 14. Has become.
また、複数の反応管4,……,4の長さ方向の中間位置に
は、これら複数の反応管に囲まれた内側空間に、多数の
透孔12a,……,12aを有する分散板12が取り付けられてい
る。この分散板12は、環状の燃料蒸発器１の中央空間を
上方へ通り抜けるバーナ３の加熱ガスを均一分散させ、
各反応管４の外壁に万遍なく接触させる。すなわち、分
散板12は加熱制御機能を有し、その透孔12aの数や開口
面積を種々変えることにより、必要とする加熱制御が可
能になっている。Further, at the intermediate position in the longitudinal direction of the plurality of reaction tubes 4, ..., 4, a dispersion plate 12 having a large number of through holes 12a ,. Is attached. This dispersion plate 12 uniformly disperses the heating gas of the burner 3 passing upward through the central space of the annular fuel evaporator 1,
The outer wall of each reaction tube 4 is evenly contacted. That is, the dispersion plate 12 has a heating control function, and the required heating control can be performed by changing the number of the through holes 12a and the opening area.
上述の装置において、バーナ３は燃料蒸発器１を直接加
熱したあと、加熱ガスを内壁８で囲まれた加熱室内に上
昇させて反応管４を加熱し、次いで多孔質セラミックス
のガス通過層14を経て排気孔11から外へ排出される。こ
の多孔質セラミックスのガス通過層14は、加熱ガスの熱
が排気孔11の外側へ散逸するのを防止する機能を有し、
加熱室内を高温に維持する。In the above apparatus, the burner 3 directly heats the fuel evaporator 1, then raises the heating gas into the heating chamber surrounded by the inner wall 8 to heat the reaction tube 4, and then the gas passage layer 14 of porous ceramics. After that, it is discharged from the exhaust hole 11 to the outside. The porous ceramic gas passage layer 14 has a function of preventing the heat of the heating gas from being dissipated to the outside of the exhaust hole 11,
Maintain a high temperature in the heating chamber.
一方、燃料供給ノズル２から燃料蒸発器１に吐出された
メタノールと水との燃料気体は瞬間的に蒸発し、複数の
反応管4,……,4の中に分散流入して触媒層５の隙間を通
過するとき前述した吸熱反応を行い、主として水素ガス
と炭素ガスからなる改質ガスになる。この改質ガスには
副生物として一酸化炭素，メタンガスなどのほか、未反
応のメタノール，水の残留物等も含まれている。この改
質ガスは多孔質セラミックスの改質ガス通過層15を抜け
て集合部６に集合したのち、出口７から前述した燃料電
池本体31へ送られる。ここで多孔質セラミックスは熱を
回収する機能を有するため、上記改質ガス通過層15を通
り抜ける改質ガスから熱を奪い、温度を低下させる。On the other hand, the fuel gas of methanol and water discharged from the fuel supply nozzle 2 to the fuel evaporator 1 evaporates instantaneously, disperses and flows into a plurality of reaction tubes 4 ,. When passing through the gap, the endothermic reaction described above is performed, and the reformed gas mainly composed of hydrogen gas and carbon gas is obtained. The reformed gas contains carbon monoxide, methane gas, and the like as by-products, as well as unreacted methanol and water residues. The reformed gas passes through the reformed gas passage layer 15 of porous ceramics, collects in the collecting portion 6, and is then sent from the outlet 7 to the fuel cell main body 31 described above. Here, since the porous ceramics has a function of recovering heat, heat is taken from the reformed gas passing through the reformed gas passage layer 15 to lower the temperature.
上述した燃料改質装置によると、内壁８内の加熱室は、
その排気孔11に多孔質セラミックスのガス通過層14を配
置しているため、この多孔質セラミックスが加熱ガスの
熱を外へ散逸させるのを防止し、加熱室内を高温に維持
させる。したがって、反応管４を加熱するための熱効率
は向上し、バーナ３での燃料消費を低減する。According to the above fuel reformer, the heating chamber in the inner wall 8 is
Since the gas passage layer 14 of porous ceramics is arranged in the exhaust hole 11, the porous ceramics are prevented from dissipating the heat of the heating gas to the outside, and the heating chamber is maintained at a high temperature. Therefore, the thermal efficiency for heating the reaction tube 4 is improved, and the fuel consumption in the burner 3 is reduced.
また、多孔質セラミックスのガス通過層14は加熱室内の
温度分布を均一にするため、実施例のように反応管４を
複数設けた場合には、各反応管に対する加熱を均一に
し、多量の燃料をむらなく反応処理することができる。Further, since the gas passage layer 14 of porous ceramics makes the temperature distribution in the heating chamber uniform, when a plurality of reaction tubes 4 are provided as in the embodiment, the heating of each reaction tube is made uniform and a large amount of fuel is supplied. Can be uniformly reacted.
一方、反応管４の出口に多孔質セラミックスからなる改
質ガス通過層15を設けているため、反応管４で発生した
高温に加熱された改質ガスが改質ガス通過層15を通過す
るとき、その多孔質セラミックスの効果により熱が回収
され、出口側のガス温度が低下する。そのため、後工程
において改質ガスから熱回収するために設ける熱交換器
を不要にし、または小型化することができ、それによっ
て燃料電池全体の可搬性を向上することができる。On the other hand, since the reformed gas passage layer 15 made of porous ceramics is provided at the outlet of the reaction tube 4, when the reformed gas generated in the reaction tube 4 and heated to a high temperature passes through the reformed gas passage layer 15. Heat is recovered due to the effect of the porous ceramics, and the gas temperature on the outlet side decreases. Therefore, the heat exchanger provided for recovering heat from the reformed gas in the subsequent process can be eliminated or downsized, thereby improving the portability of the entire fuel cell.
また、上記装置は、反応管４から熱が散逸するのを低減
するため加熱効率を高め、バーナ３の燃料消費量を少な
くすることができる。In addition, the above device can improve the heating efficiency and reduce the fuel consumption of the burner 3 in order to reduce the heat dissipation from the reaction tube 4.
なお、多孔質セラミックスのガス通過層は、上述した実
施例のように加熱室（内壁８に囲まれた内側）のガス出
口と反応器（反応管４）のガス出口との両方に設けるの
が最も望ましいが、いずれか一方だけであってもよく、
従来装置よりも熱効率の向上を図ることができる。The porous ceramic gas passage layer is provided at both the gas outlet of the heating chamber (inside the inner wall 8) and the gas outlet of the reactor (reaction tube 4) as in the above-described embodiment. Most preferably, only one or the other,
The thermal efficiency can be improved as compared with the conventional device.
上述したように、本発明の燃料改質装置は、加熱ガスが
供給される加熱室内に反応器を設け、該反応器内で気化
燃料を水素ガス主体の改質ガスに変化させる燃料電池の
燃料改質装置において、前記加熱室及び反応器のガス出
口の少なくとも一方に、多孔質セラミックスからなるガ
ス通過層を配置したので、この多孔質セラミックスの熱
回収効果により加熱室又は反応器からの熱の散逸を防止
し、吸熱反応の熱効率を促進するため、燃料電池の一層
の小型化や可搬性を向上することができる。As described above, the fuel reforming apparatus of the present invention is a fuel for a fuel cell in which a reactor is provided in a heating chamber to which heating gas is supplied, and vaporized fuel is converted into hydrogen gas-based reformed gas in the reactor. In the reformer, at least one of the heating chamber and the gas outlet of the reactor, a gas passage layer made of porous ceramics is arranged, so that the heat recovery effect of the porous ceramics prevents the heat from the heating chamber or the reactor. Since the dissipation is prevented and the heat efficiency of the endothermic reaction is promoted, the fuel cell can be further downsized and the portability can be improved.
第１図は本発明の実施例による燃料電池の燃料改質装置
の縦断面図、第２図は第１図のII−II矢視図、第３図は
上記燃料改質装置が適用される燃料電池のシステム図で
ある。 １……燃料蒸発器、２……燃料供給ノズル、３……バー
ナ、４……反応管（反応器）、６……集合部、８……内
壁（加熱室）、11……排気孔、14……ガス通過層、15…
…改質ガス通過層。FIG. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a fuel reformer for a fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a view taken along the line II-II of FIG. 1, and FIG. It is a system diagram of a fuel cell. 1 ... Fuel evaporator, 2 ... Fuel supply nozzle, 3 ... Burner, 4 ... Reaction tube (reactor), 6 ... Assembly part, 8 ... Inner wall (heating chamber), 11 ... Exhaust hole, 14 …… Gas passage layer, 15…
… Reformed gas passage layer.
Claims (1)
設け、該反応器内で気化燃料を水素ガス主体の改質ガス
に変化させる燃料電池の燃料改質装置において、前記加
熱室及び反応器のガス出口の少なくとも一方に、多孔質
セラミックスからなるガス通過層を配置したことを特徴
とする燃料電池の燃料改質装置。1. A fuel reforming apparatus for a fuel cell, wherein a reactor is provided in a heating chamber to which heating gas is supplied, and the vaporized fuel is changed into a reforming gas mainly containing hydrogen gas in the reactor. A fuel reformer for a fuel cell, wherein a gas passage layer made of porous ceramics is disposed at at least one of gas outlets of a reactor.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP60275943A JPH0684241B2 (en) | 1985-12-10 | 1985-12-10 | Fuel reformer for fuel cell |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP60275943A JPH0684241B2 (en) | 1985-12-10 | 1985-12-10 | Fuel reformer for fuel cell |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS62138303A JPS62138303A (en) | 1987-06-22 |
| JPH0684241B2 true JPH0684241B2 (en) | 1994-10-26 |
Family
ID=17562588
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP60275943A Expired - Lifetime JPH0684241B2 (en) | 1985-12-10 | 1985-12-10 | Fuel reformer for fuel cell |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0684241B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113471490B (en) * | 2021-07-16 | 2022-08-05 | 全球能源互联网研究院有限公司 | Fuel cell cogeneration system and operation method |
| CN114212755A (en) * | 2021-11-29 | 2022-03-22 | 武汉氢能与燃料电池产业技术研究院有限公司 | High-efficient compact methyl alcohol hydrogen production ware |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS51111941A (en) * | 1975-03-27 | 1976-10-02 | Daiichi Netsukou Kk | Utilization method of exhaust heat of heating furnace & heating furnac e structured to utilize exhaust heat |
| JPS5978904A (en) * | 1982-10-23 | 1984-05-08 | Jgc Corp | Steam reforming reactor for hydrocarbon |
| JPS59203372A (en) * | 1983-05-02 | 1984-11-17 | Hitachi Ltd | Fuel reformer for fuel cell |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS56149900U (en) * | 1980-04-11 | 1981-11-10 |
-
1985
- 1985-12-10 JP JP60275943A patent/JPH0684241B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS51111941A (en) * | 1975-03-27 | 1976-10-02 | Daiichi Netsukou Kk | Utilization method of exhaust heat of heating furnace & heating furnac e structured to utilize exhaust heat |
| JPS5978904A (en) * | 1982-10-23 | 1984-05-08 | Jgc Corp | Steam reforming reactor for hydrocarbon |
| JPS59203372A (en) * | 1983-05-02 | 1984-11-17 | Hitachi Ltd | Fuel reformer for fuel cell |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS62138303A (en) | 1987-06-22 |
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