JPH0678610B2 - Dynamic compaction method and dynamic compaction device - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Industrial field of application) The present invention is applied to compact and increase the density of various types of ground such as residential land, road land, factory land, or the seabed in order to increase the strength of the ground. The present invention relates to a dynamic compaction method and its device.

(Prior Art and Problems Thereof) FIG. 19 shows a conventional construction method and device.
The weight 56 is hung on the wire 57, and the weight 56 is naturally dropped to directly hit the ground E, and is raised by the wire 57 and dropped again. Such a drop impact is applied to the same place of the ground a plurality of times, for example, to penetrate from the ground surface for 2 to 3 m, and the ground below that is compacted.

However, the above method and apparatus have the following problems.

(1) Since the weight 56 is suspended by the wire 57, it is necessary to set a wide working range in consideration of the swing range of the wire 57 due to wind and vibration. Work efficiency is not good, such as not to.

(2) Since the weight 56 is suspended by the wire 57 so that the weight 56 itself hits the ground, it is difficult to accurately strike the same place continuously. That is, the hit location may be displaced due to shaking due to wind or the like.

(3) Since the weight 56 itself is naturally dropped, it is not suitable for improving the underwater ground such as the seabed ground. That is, energy loss occurs when hitting the water surface, and a satisfactory hitting force cannot be obtained.

(4) The noise is loud.

(Object of the invention) The object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems, to firmly compact the ground, to properly understand the compaction degree during construction, and to perform the filling work in the impact hole efficiently. Is to

(Technical Means for Achieving the Object) As a compacting method for achieving the above object, a hammer device is vertically movably supported by a vertical guide of a leader supported by an arm of a working vehicle, and the hammer device is vertically movable. The bottom end contact surface of the compaction penetration pillar integrally connected to the lower end of the device is always brought into contact with the ground, and the penetration pillar is continuously driven by the hammer device to lower the penetration pillar together with the hammer device, When the penetration column is pulled up from the striking hole after the compaction is completed, the filling material is filled from the bottom filling material supply port of the lower end portion of the penetration column into the striking hole.

In the above compaction method, it is possible to measure the amount of penetrating rebound and thereby confirm the degree of compaction of the ground.

As a compaction device for carrying out the above-mentioned construction method, a leader supported by an arm and having a vertical guide, a hammer device vertically movably supported by the guide of the leader, and a hammer device below the hammer device. An opening / closing lid that is integrally connected and that has a compaction penetration column having a ground contact surface at the lower end, forms a filling material supply passage in the penetration column, and can be opened and closed to the outside at the lower end of the penetration column. To form a filling material supply port.

As another compaction device, a filling material supply port that opens downward is formed at the lower end portion of the penetration column, and a leaving type opening / closing lid is detachably fitted into the lower surface of the supply port.

(Operation) Since the penetrating pillar is guided by the guide through the hammer device, and the lower end grounding surface of the penetrating pillar is always in contact with the ground, the hammer device continuously compacts the same place. Accurately consolidate the same place continuously without being affected by vibration, etc., and when filling up the penetration column, supply the filling material from the filling material supply port into the impact hole and fill it. You can

Since the penetrating column is impacted and penetrated, the degree of compaction (approximate bearing capacity) of the ground can be obtained by measuring the amount of rebound of the penetration.

Since a large work space is not required, it is possible to work safely and efficiently even on a land in a narrow space surrounded by a building, for example.

Since it is a construction method in which a penetrating column is driven in for compaction, there is no energy loss due to water surface impact in the case of underwater construction, and therefore energy efficiency is good.

(Embodiment) FIG. 1 is a side view of a dynamic compacting device to which the present invention is applied. In FIG. 1, a crane (working vehicle) 1 is equipped with a traveling device 5 and a rotary shaft. The arm 2 is rotatable about 6 times, and the arm 2 is rotatably provided on the crane 1 with a fulcrum 8 at the lower end as a fulcrum.

The leader 11 is vertically arranged and has a pair of left and right guides 15 extending in the vertical direction. An upper portion of the leader 11 is rotatably supported by an upper end portion of the arm 2, and a lower end portion thereof is supported by an auxiliary stay 10. It is supported by the crane 1.

As a hammer device, for example, a hydraulic hammer device 16 is provided, and the hammer device 16 has a pair of upper and lower guide holders 21, and the guide holder 21 is supported by a guide 15 so as to be vertically movable. The hydraulic hammer device 16 is, for example, a hoist type, in which a weight 17 is suspended by a wire 25 so as to be vertically movable, and the wire 25 can be hoisted by a hydraulic piston. That is, the weight 17 is raised to a certain height by rolling up the piston, and the weight 17 is naturally dropped by removing the hydraulic pressure.

An upper attachment 22 having a filling material input port 31 is detachably fixed to the lower end of the hydraulic hammer device 16 with bolts or the like, and a vertical tightening having the same axis as the hammer device 16 is vertically attached to the lower side of the attachment 22. A hardening penetration column 18 is detachably fixed by bolts or the like. The tip (lower end) 19 of the penetrating column 18 is formed separately from the penetrating column main body portion, and is formed in a tapered shape that becomes thinner as it goes downward. It is fixed freely. The bottom surface of the pillar tip 19 is a horizontal ground plane 20.
Is formed as.

Inside the penetration column 18, a filling material supply passage 30 extending from the upper end to the lower end of the penetration pillar 18 is formed, the upper end of the passage 30 communicates with the filling material input port 31, the lower end of the passage 30. The section communicates with a filling material supply port 33 that opens at the bottom of the column tip 19, for example. The hammer device 16 has a penetrating pillar 18
A rebound amount measuring device for measuring the rebound amount can be provided. 39 is a filling material supply device that can travel freely,
It is equipped with an elevator 48 and a hopper 49.

In FIG. 2, which is an enlarged vertical cross-sectional view of portion II of FIG. 1,
A hemispherical opening / closing lid 36 is arranged in the filling material supply port 33, and the opening / closing lid 36 integrally has a horizontal rotating shaft 37, and a column rotatably around the rotating shaft center via the rotating shaft 37. It is supported by the tip portion 19.

As shown in FIG. 3, an oscillating (reciprocating rotary) hydraulic actuator 38 is connected to the rotary shaft 37, and the hydraulic actuator 38 is connected to, for example, a hydraulic pump via a hydraulic control mechanism 40 such as a switching valve. Has been done. That is, the swinging hydraulic actuator 38 controlled by the control mechanism 40 rotates the opening / closing lid 36 to close the supply port 33 as shown in FIG.
The supply port 33 is opened as shown in FIG.

A method of compacting the ground will be described.

(1) First, as shown in FIG. 1, the lower end grounding surface 20 of the penetration column 18 (tip portion 19) is brought into contact with a desired ground location.

(2) The weight 17 is lifted by hydraulic pressure, and the hydraulic pressure is removed to allow the weight 17 to fall naturally to strike the head of the penetration column 18.

(3) By the above-mentioned impact, the ground contact surface 20 of the penetration pillar 18 strikes the ground and sinks into the ground like an imaginary line. At this time, along with the downward movement of the penetration column 18, the hydraulic hammer device 16 also guides 15
Move downward while being guided by.

(4) Next, the weight 17 is hydraulically raised again and dropped again to strike the penetration column 18 in the same manner as described above. During this time, the lower end grounding surface 20 of the penetration column 18 is in a state of digging into the ground (that is, in contact with the hole bottom) like an imaginary line.

(5) The striking operation of the penetrating column 18 by the weight 17 is continuously repeated to strike the desired depth as shown in FIG. 5 to compact the ground. By the penetration of the penetration column 18, the side surface of the hitting hole H can be strongly compacted. Such side compaction is most effective when a tapered tip is used as the column tip portion 19 as shown in FIG. Whether or not the ground has been compacted to a desired hardness can be roughly determined by, for example, measuring the amount of rebound of the penetration column 18. The measurement of this rebound amount is
It is measured by a human or automatically by a rebound measuring device.

(6) When the compaction work at one location is completed, as shown in FIG. 6, sand or crushed stone is supplied into the passage 30 as the filling material by the filling material feeding device 39 connected to the filling material input port 31. Then, when the penetrating column 18 is pulled upward from the striking hole H, the filling work is simultaneously performed in the process.

That is, as shown in FIG. 4, the opening / closing lid 36 is opened, and while the penetrating column 18 is raised to some extent, the impact hole H is fed from the filling material feeding device 39 of FIG. 6 by gravity or by the pressure of compressed air. A certain amount of the filling material is supplied therein, the lid 36 is closed as shown in FIG. 2, and the filling material is compacted by hitting with the hammer device 16 of FIG.

In this way, in the process of pulling out the intrusive pillars 18, while sequentially repeating the raising of the intrusive pillars 18, the supply of the filling material by opening the lid 36, and the compacting operation of the filling material with the lid 36 closed, As shown in FIG. 7, the filling material is filled in the striking hole H so that the filling material is almost full, and then the filling material is compacted.

(7) After the filling is completed, as shown in FIG. 7, the upper end peripheral portion G of the hitting hole H rises to some extent due to the penetration compaction work, and the ground is loosened to some extent, but it is leveled with, for example, a bulldozer, and then the rolling roller 48 Roll and apply pressure as shown in FIG.

(Other Embodiment) (1) FIGS. 9 and 10 show a modification of the filling material supply mechanism, in which the filling material supply passage 30 is constituted by a pipe 42. That is, in FIG. 10 showing a horizontal sectional view, a pair of vertically extending recesses 45 is formed at the peripheral end of the penetration column 18, and a pipe 42 having a passage 30 is fitted into each recess 45, and a metal band 46 is inserted. This is an example of tightening and fixing by. At the lower end of the pipe 42, an openable / closable hemispherical opening / closing lid 36 as shown in FIG. 9 is rotatably provided. The opening / closing lid 36 is rotatably operated by an oscillating hydraulic actuator in the same manner as the opening / closing lid shown in FIG. In FIGS. 9 and 10, the same parts as those in FIGS. 2 and 3 are designated by the same reference numerals.

(2) Figures 11 and 12 show two or more penetration columns 18A, 18B.
It shows how to drive deep into the ground by adding ... For example, first, the penetration column 18A with the lower end 19 fixed
1 is connected to the hydraulic hammer device 16 as in the case of FIG. 1 and driven in, then the upper attachment 22 is removed together with the hydraulic hammer device 16 from the lower penetration column 18A as shown in FIG. 11, and the hydraulic hammer device 16 is attached to the upper attachment. 22 and the intermediate penetration column 18B is added between the lower penetration column 18A and the upper attachment 22, and the hydraulic hammer device 16 is again installed.
Hit by, and drive deeper.

If necessary, add 3rd or 4th step penetration columns to the lower side of the upper attachment 22 in order.

Further, in the removing step, the filling material is removed from the filling material supply port 33 while being filled in the hitting hole, as in the above-described embodiment.

Also, in the pulling process, as shown in Fig. 12, the hydraulic jack
The 50 is used as an auxiliary device for pulling out the penetration column and a fall prevention device to improve the efficiency and efficiency of the pulling out work. That is, pulling out work is performed while using the hydraulic jack 50 as an auxiliary machine until the upper end of the lower penetration column 18A comes to the ground.
When the upper end of the 18A goes to the ground, hold the lower penetration column 18A with the hydraulic jack 50 so that it will not fall, and
The intermediate penetration column 18B is removed while adjusting the vertical position of the lower penetration column 18A, and the hydraulic hammer device 16 is lowered to directly connect the lower penetration column 18A to the attachment 22. Then, while using the hydraulic jack 50 as a pull-out auxiliary machine, the lower-stage penetration column 18A with the tip portion 19 fixed is pulled out.

(3) Figs. 13 and 14 show a method of compacting the seabed by adding two or more penetrating pillars. The crane 58 and the hydraulic jack 50 are provided on the hull 58 as a working traveling body, and There are several pillars that can be added.

When adding several penetrating pillars and driving them into the seabed, first insert the penetrating pillar 18A at the bottom of the hydraulic jack 5 as shown in Fig. 13.
Hold by 0 and raise the hammer device 16 to 2
The penetration column 18B at the first stage is replaced with the penetration column 18A at the lower stage and the hydraulic hammer device.
Add between 16 attachments 22. Next, the hydraulic jack
Loosen 50 and lower the penetration columns 18A and 18B together with the hammer device 16 to hold the upper end of the second-stage penetration column 18B by the hydraulic jack 50. Then, the hydraulic hammer device 16 together with the attachment 22 is lifted away from the second-stage penetrating column 18B and raised.
Add steps. In this way, the penetration columns are successively added, and when the lower penetration column 18A (column tip portion 19) touches the bottom of the sea, the hydraulic hammer device 16 strikes and compacts the bottom of the sea. When removing, the filling material is sequentially supplied from the filling material supply port 33 in the same manner as in the above-described embodiment, and the filling material is compacted.

Also, when pulling out after removing from the hitting hole H,
Hold with the hydraulic jack 50 in the same way as in the case of Fig. 12,
Also, while using it as a pull-out auxiliary device and a fall prevention device, remove it from the upper penetration column in order.

(4) FIGS. 15 and 16 show modified examples of the penetration column tip portion 19, respectively, and the tip end portion 19 of FIG. 15 is an example in which the lower end has the same diameter as the penetration column, and FIG. This is an example in which the lower end portion is formed in a tapered shape whose diameter increases as it goes downward. According to the expanded diameter tapered structure shown in Fig. 16, the area of the ground contact surface is larger than that of the penetrating column shown in Fig. 1, so that it is suitable for the ground that requires relatively low energy and requires a wide range of compaction at once.

The penetrating column tip portion 19 in FIGS. 15 and 16 is provided with a filling material supply port 33, a pipe 42, a hemispherical opening / closing lid 36, and the like similar to those in FIG.

(5) FIGS. 17 and 18 show the filling material supply port 33 and the opening / closing lid 36 corresponding to claim 4 of the present invention.
Is a simplification of. That is, the filling port 33 is a penetrating pillar.
On the bottom surface of the tip portion 19 of 18 is formed in a downward opening shape,
On the other hand, the opening / closing lid 36 is formed in a shape corresponding to the outer peripheral shape of the lower surface of the tip portion 19, for example, a disk shape if the lower surface shape of the tip portion 19 is circular. An annular fitting portion 36a protruding upward is integrally formed at the outer peripheral end of the opening / closing lid 36, and the fitting portion 36a is fitted on the outer peripheral side of the tip end portion 19. However, the fitting portion 36a mainly serves to position the tip portion 19 and the opening / closing lid 36 so as not to shift from each other, so that the tip portion 19 can be easily pulled out upward from the opening / closing lid 36. Loosely fitted.

When the opening / closing lid 36 is used, first, as shown in FIG. 17, the opening / closing lid 36 is fitted so as to cap the tip portion 19 of the penetration column 18, and in this state, the opening / closing lid 36 is grounded to perform the compaction work. To do.

When pulling out, the penetration column 18 is pulled up while the opening / closing lid 36 is left on the bottom surface of the striking hole. Then, in the step of pulling up as shown in FIG. 18, the tip end portion 19 is supplied while sequentially supplying the filling material from the filling material supply port 33 similarly to the above-mentioned embodiment.
Compact with the bottom edge of the.

(6) It is also possible to use concrete as the filling material and form an unreinforced concrete column in the impact hole.

(7) The device of the present invention can be used as a compacting machine for ordinary embankment construction, and is particularly effective for compacting embankment of hard clay or rock embankment. It can also be used as a surface rolling compactor.

(8) The machine can be upsized or downsized, and can be configured in a size suitable for each place. For example, it is possible to use a backhoe as a work traveling body and attach a hydraulic hammer device as an attachment of the backhoe to perform compaction.

(9) It is also possible to use a machine in which the hydraulic hammer device is configured, for example, in two rows, one row, three rows, two rows, two rows, two rows, three rows, etc. Can be compacted at the same time. It should be noted that the "one row, two stations" is an arrangement pattern in which two hydraulic hammer devices are provided in parallel in two rows, and the "two rows, two stations" is an arrangement pattern in which two rows of hammer devices are provided in two rows.

When the hydraulic hammer devices are arranged in multiple rows and multiples, the leaders 11 and the penetration columns 18 are also arranged in multiple rows and multiples as the number of hammer devices increases.

(10) In the illustrated embodiment of the hydraulic hammer device (FIG. 1), the wire 25 is wound up by using a hydraulic piston. Alternatively, the weight 17 can be directly lifted by a vertically movable piston. And weight 17
It is also possible to adopt a structure in which the hydraulic pressure is removed and the weight 17 is dropped when the pressure is raised to some extent.

(11) In addition to the method and apparatus for hitting with a hydraulic hammer device, the method and apparatus for hitting with a drop hammer can be used. Further, particularly in a place where noise is not a problem, a hitting method and device using a diesel hammer device can be used.

(Advantages of the Invention) According to the present invention as described above: (1) In the hammer device 16 that uses the penetration column 18 in which the grounding surface 20 always contacts the ground during the striking work, and is guided by the guide 15 in the vertical direction. Since they are integrally connected, the same ground location can be accurately and continuously compacted without being affected by external conditions such as wind or vibration, and the compaction performance is good and the work efficiency is good.

(2) Since the vertical direction is guided through the hammer device 16 of the penetration column 18, the work range is smaller than that of the conventional hanging type, and workability in a narrow place surrounded by a building, for example. Good and safe.

(3) When the penetration column 18 is pulled up, since the filling material is continuously supplied into the striking hole from the filling material supply port 33 at the lower end of the penetration column, the filling material is gradually filled in the striking hole. However, it can be compacted, and a stronger ground can be efficiently formed.

By the way, the difference between the case of performing the filling operation and the case of not performing the filling operation will be briefly explained.If the impact hole is left unfilled and the other side is penetrated, the side ground between the impact holes will loosen very much, but If the work is performed, the side ground will not be loosened, and the side ground can be formed into a strong ground.

(4) Since it is compacted using the penetration pillar 18 that is always grounded, it is possible to compact the ground efficiently even in the water without considering the energy loss due to hitting the water as in the past, and for improving the seabed, for example. Is convenient.

(5) By measuring the amount of penetration rebound of the penetration column 18 during construction, the degree of compaction of the ground can be easily confirmed.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side view of a dynamic compaction device to which the present invention is applied,
FIG. 2 is an enlarged vertical cross-sectional view of the lower end of the penetrating column (enlarged cross-sectional view of the II portion in FIG. 1), FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along the line III-III in FIG. 2, and FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the same portion as FIG. 2, FIG. 5 is a side view of the same apparatus as FIG. 1 during compaction work, and FIG. 6 is a side view of the same apparatus as FIG. , Fig. 7 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the ground after compaction and filling, Fig. 8 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the same portion as Fig. 7 showing the state after compaction, and Fig. 9 is filling. FIG. 10 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a modified example of the material supply mechanism, FIG. 10 is a sectional view taken along line XX in FIG.
Fig. 12 is a side view showing an example of work to strike a deep depth.
3 and 14 are side views showing examples of seabed compaction work, 15 and 1
Fig. 6 is a side view showing a modified example of the penetration column, and Figs. 17 and 18 are longitudinal sectional partial views of the penetration column provided with the opening / closing lid of the filling filling port corresponding to claim 4 of the invention, The figure is a side view of a conventional example. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Crane (an example of a traveling body for work), 2 ... Arm, 11 ... Leader, 15 ... Guide, 16 ... Hammer device,
17 ... Weight, 18 ... Penetration column, 20 ... Ground plane, 30 ... Medium filling material supply passage, 31 ... Medium filling material input port, 33 ... Medium filling material supply port,
36 ... Open / close lid

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A vertical guide of a leader supported by an arm of a work traveling body supports a hammer device so as to be vertically movable, and a compacting penetrating column integrally connected to a lower end portion of the hammer device. The bottom end contact surface is always in contact with the ground, and the penetration column is continuously driven by the hammer device to lower the penetration column together with the hammer device, compact the same place on the ground, and penetrate through the impact hole after compaction is completed. A dynamic compaction method characterized in that when the column is pulled up, the filling material is supplied from the filling material supply port at the lower end portion of the penetration column into the striking hole to fill the filling hole. 2. The dynamic compaction method according to claim 1, wherein the amount of infiltration rebound of the intrusive column is measured during construction, and the degree of compaction of the ground is confirmed from the amount of intrusion rebound. . 3. A leader supported by an arm of a work traveling body and having a vertical guide, a hammer device supported by the guide of the leader so as to be vertically movable, and integrally formed on a lower side of the hammer device. A compaction penetrating column having a grounding surface at the lower end, which is connected, forms a filling material supply passage in the penetrating column, and has an opening / closing lid that can be opened and closed to the outside at the lower end portion of the penetrating column A dynamic compaction device characterized by forming a filling material supply port. 4. A leader supported by an arm of a work traveling body and having a vertical guide, a hammer device supported by the guide of the leader so as to be vertically movable, and integrally formed on a lower side of the hammer device. A compacting penetration column having a grounding surface at the lower end, which is connected, and forms a filling material supply passage in the penetration column and forms a filling material supply port opening downward at the lower end portion of the penetration column. A dynamic compaction device, characterized in that a leaving-type opening / closing lid is detachably fitted into the lower surface of the supply port.