JPH0677652B2 - Backwashing method of filtration device - Google Patents
Backwashing method of filtration deviceInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0677652B2 JPH0677652B2 JP61075095A JP7509586A JPH0677652B2 JP H0677652 B2 JPH0677652 B2 JP H0677652B2 JP 61075095 A JP61075095 A JP 61075095A JP 7509586 A JP7509586 A JP 7509586A JP H0677652 B2 JPH0677652 B2 JP H0677652B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- treated water
- water chamber
- backwashing
- pressure
- suspended matter
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000011001 backwashing Methods 0.000 title claims description 32
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 title claims description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 97
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003809 water extraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Filtration Of Liquid (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 〔産業上の利用分野〕 本発明は濾過装置の逆洗方法に関するものであり、詳し
くは少量の逆洗水により効果的に逆洗を行うことが可能
とされた該装置の逆洗方法に関するものである。TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a backwashing method for a filtering device, and more specifically, it is said that backwashing can be effectively performed with a small amount of backwashing water. The present invention relates to a method for backwashing a device.
耐圧容器内に濾材を挿入して被処理水室と処理水室とに
区画し、被処理水室に被処理水を導入し濾過を行う装置
が古くから広く用いられている。この濾材としては、多
孔質セラミックや焼結金属或いは有機膜などが用いられ
ている。このような濾過装置においては、濾過操作を継
続することにより濁質が濾材表面や内部に堆積し、濾過
水量の低下や濾過差圧の上昇などの性能低下を生じる。2. Description of the Related Art A device for inserting a filter medium into a pressure-resistant container to divide it into a treated water chamber and a treated water chamber, introducing the treated water into the treated water chamber and performing filtration, has been widely used since ancient times. A porous ceramic, a sintered metal, an organic film, or the like is used as the filter material. In such a filtering device, by continuing the filtering operation, suspended matter accumulates on the surface and inside of the filter material, resulting in a decrease in performance such as a decrease in the amount of filtered water and an increase in the filtration differential pressure.
また、濾過装置の一つとして平行流濾過装置が知られて
いる。この平行流濾過装置は、濾材の面方向と平行方向
に被処理水を流すものであり、濁質が濾材に付着しにく
いという特性を備えている。しかしながら、このような
平行流濾過装置においても、長期間濾過操作を継続する
と、濁質が堆積し、上記と同様の性能低下がもたらされ
る。Further, a parallel flow filter device is known as one of the filter devices. This parallel-flow filtration device flows the water to be treated in a direction parallel to the surface direction of the filter medium, and has the characteristic that suspended matter does not easily adhere to the filter medium. However, even in such a parallel-flow filtration device, when the filtration operation is continued for a long period of time, suspended matter is accumulated and the same performance deterioration as described above is brought about.
このような濁質の付着、堆積による性能低下が生じた場
合、洗浄水を処理水室側から被処理水室側に逆流させる
逆洗が行われる。When the performance is deteriorated due to such adherence and accumulation of suspended matter, backwashing is performed in which the wash water is backflowed from the treated water chamber side to the treated water chamber side.
この逆洗を行うための従来装置の構成を第２図を参照し
て説明する。The configuration of a conventional device for performing this backwash will be described with reference to FIG.
第２図において濾過装置本体１は、圧力容器２と、該圧
力容器２内を仕切るように設けられた濾材３とを備え、
被処理水室４と処理水室５とが区画形成されている。被
処理水室４には、循環ポンプ６を有する給液ライン７と
排液ライン８とが接続されており、これらライン7,8は
それぞれ被処理水のタンクに接続されている。In FIG. 2, the filtration device main body 1 includes a pressure container 2 and a filter medium 3 provided so as to partition the inside of the pressure container 2.
The to-be-treated water chamber 4 and the treated water chamber 5 are partitioned and formed. A liquid supply line 7 having a circulation pump 6 and a liquid drain line 8 are connected to the treated water chamber 4, and these lines 7 and 8 are connected to tanks of the treated water.
処理水室５には処理水の取出ライン９が接続されてお
り、処理水を貯留しておくためのタンク10がその途中に
設けられている。このタンク10は逆洗時に濾過装置本体
１へ洗浄水を供給するためのものであり、濾過装置本体
１と反対側には弁11を介して加圧装置12が接続されてい
る。なおタンク10の前後にはそれぞれ弁13,14が設けら
れている。A treated water extraction line 9 is connected to the treated water chamber 5, and a tank 10 for storing the treated water is provided on the way. This tank 10 is for supplying washing water to the filtering device main body 1 at the time of backwashing, and a pressurizing device 12 is connected to the opposite side of the filtering device main body 1 via a valve 11. Note that valves 13 and 14 are provided in front of and behind the tank 10, respectively.
かかる構成の従来の濾過装置において、濾過処理を行う
ときには循環ポンプ６を作動させ、被処理水室４に被処
理水を導入し、余剰の被処理水はライン８からタンクに
戻し、透過水を処理水室５からライン９にて取り出す。
しかして、逆洗を行う場合にはポンプ６を停止し、次い
で加圧装置12を作動させ、タンク10内の処理水を処理水
室５内に加圧導入し、濾材３に処理水室５側から被処理
水室４側へ向けて逆流させ、該濾材３に付着、堆積した
濁質の剥離を行う。剥離した濁質はライン８から容器２
外に抜き出される。In the conventional filtration device having such a configuration, when performing the filtration treatment, the circulation pump 6 is operated to introduce the treated water into the treated water chamber 4, and the surplus treated water is returned to the tank from the line 8 to remove the permeated water. It is taken out from the treated water chamber 5 through a line 9.
Therefore, when performing backwashing, the pump 6 is stopped, and then the pressurizing device 12 is operated to pressurize the treated water in the tank 10 into the treated water chamber 5 to cause the filter medium 3 to be treated in the treated water chamber 5. From the side to the treated water chamber 4 side, and the suspended matter adhered to and deposited on the filter medium 3 is removed. The suspended turbidity is separated from line 8 in container 2
It is pulled out.
このように、一般に、逆洗操作は濾材内又は濾材表面に
付着、堆積した濁質を剥離するプロセス、剥離した濁質
を容器外に排出するプロセスの２プロセスより成り立っ
ているとみることができる。Thus, in general, the backwashing operation can be considered to consist of two processes: a process of removing suspended matter that has adhered to or on the surface of the filter medium and a process of discharging the suspended suspended matter to the outside of the container. .
上記従来の逆洗方式では次のような問題があった。 The above conventional backwashing method has the following problems.
イ．逆洗水を圧力容器２内に導入するためのタンク10及
び加圧装置12を必要とする。I. A tank 10 and a pressure device 12 for introducing the backwash water into the pressure vessel 2 are required.
ロ．濾材３から剥離された濁質を圧力容器２外から排出
させるためには、大量の処理水を逆流させる必要があ
り、濾過処理により得られた処理水の消費が極めて大き
なものとなる。B. In order to discharge the suspended matter separated from the filter medium 3 from the outside of the pressure vessel 2, a large amount of treated water needs to be backflowed, and the consumption of the treated water obtained by the filtration treatment becomes extremely large.
ハ．剥離された濁質は、濾材３を逆方向に透過する処理
水によって圧力容器外に搬出されるのであるが、この搬
出用の水の流量は、濾材の透過水流速の上限値以下の小
さな流速になるから、剥離された濁質の搬出が不充分と
なり易い。C. The separated suspended matter is carried out of the pressure vessel by the treated water that permeates the filter medium 3 in the opposite direction. The flow rate of the carry-out water is a small flow rate equal to or lower than the upper limit value of the permeated water flow rate of the filter medium. Therefore, it becomes easy to carry out the separated suspended matter insufficiently.
本発明は、このような従来の逆洗方式における問題点を
解消し、逆洗水をストックしておくためのタンクや逆洗
水を加圧するための加圧装置を不要とし、少量の逆洗水
により効果的に逆洗を行うことが可能な濾過装置逆洗方
法を提供することを目的とする。The present invention solves the problems in the conventional backwashing method, eliminates the need for a tank for stocking the backwashing water and a pressurizing device for pressurizing the backwashing water, and enables a small amount of backwashing. An object of the present invention is to provide a backwashing method for a filtration device, which can effectively backwash with water.
この目的を達成するために、本発明の逆洗方法は、濁質
の剥離のみを処理水の逆流にて行い、剥離された濁質の
搬出を被処理水にて行うようにしたものである。In order to achieve this object, the backwashing method of the present invention is such that only the suspended matter is exfoliated by the backflow of the treated water, and the exfoliated suspended matter is carried out by the water to be treated. .
本発明においては、濁質の剥離のみが処理水の逆流によ
り行われるから、処理水の逆流流量が少量で足り、処理
水の消費量が少量である。またこの逆流を行うための加
圧装置や洗浄水貯留用のタンクが不要である。更に、剥
離された濁質は、給液ポンプによって多量に導入される
被処理水によって圧力容器外に搬出されるので、濁質の
排出も充分に行うことができる。In the present invention, since only the suspended matter is separated by the backflow of the treated water, the backflow rate of the treated water is small and the consumption of the treated water is small. Further, a pressurizing device for performing this reverse flow and a tank for storing wash water are unnecessary. Further, since the separated suspended matter is carried out of the pressure vessel by the water to be treated introduced by a large amount by the liquid feed pump, the suspended matter can be sufficiently discharged.
以下図面を参照して本発明の実施例について説明する。 Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
第１図は本発明方法を実施するに好適な装置構成を示す
構成図である。この第１図の装置が第２図の従来装置と
異なる点は、処理水の取出ライン９に弁13のみが設けら
れている点にある。FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an apparatus configuration suitable for carrying out the method of the present invention. The apparatus of FIG. 1 differs from the conventional apparatus of FIG. 2 in that only a valve 13 is provided in the treated water extraction line 9.
この第１図の装置において、濾過処理は第２図の従来装
置と同様に行われ、ライン７から導入された被処理水が
ライン８に循環され、その途中にて液が濾材３を透過し
て処理水室５内に入り、ライン９から取り出される。In the apparatus of FIG. 1, the filtration treatment is performed in the same manner as the conventional apparatus of FIG. 2, the water to be treated introduced from the line 7 is circulated in the line 8, and the liquid permeates the filter medium 3 in the middle thereof. It enters the treated water chamber 5 and is taken out from the line 9.
所定時間この濾過処理を行うことにより濾材３に濁質が
付着、堆積した場合、次のようにして逆洗を行う。When turbidity adheres to and accumulates on the filter medium 3 by performing this filtering process for a predetermined time, backwashing is performed as follows.
まず弁13を閉とし、処理水室５内の圧力を高める。好ま
しくは被処理水室４内の圧力と同等程度にまで該処理水
室５内の圧力を高める。First, the valve 13 is closed to increase the pressure in the treated water chamber 5. Preferably, the pressure in the treated water chamber 5 is increased to the same level as the pressure in the treated water chamber 4.
次にポンプ６を停止し、これによって被処理水室４内の
圧力を低下させる。そうすると処理水室５内の圧力が被
処理水室４内の圧力よりも高くなり、処理水が処理水室
５から被処理水室４に向けて逆流する。これによって、
濾材３に付着、堆積した濁質が剥離される。Next, the pump 6 is stopped, and thereby the pressure in the treated water chamber 4 is reduced. Then, the pressure in the treated water chamber 5 becomes higher than the pressure in the treated water chamber 4, and the treated water flows backward from the treated water chamber 5 toward the treated water chamber 4. by this,
The suspended matter attached to and deposited on the filter medium 3 is peeled off.
次に、ポンプ６を好ましくは低圧で起動することによ
り、被処理水をライン７から被処理水室４内に導入し、
被処理水室４内に懸濁状態にて含まれている濁質をライ
ン８から圧力容器２外に抜き出す。被処理水室４内の液
が、被処理水によって搬送され、充分にライン８を経て
排出した後、ポンプ６の操作圧力を分離圧力まで高める
と共に、弁13を開とすることにより、通常の濾過処理操
作に復帰することができる。Next, by starting the pump 6 preferably at a low pressure, the water to be treated is introduced from the line 7 into the water chamber 4 to be treated,
The suspended matter contained in the treated water chamber 4 in a suspended state is extracted from the pressure vessel 2 through the line 8. After the liquid in the treated water chamber 4 is conveyed by the treated water and sufficiently discharged through the line 8, the operating pressure of the pump 6 is increased to the separation pressure, and the valve 13 is opened so that the normal operation is performed. It is possible to return to the filtering operation.
しかして、上記手順によれば、処理水室５から被処理水
室４に逆流する処理水量は、濁質が濾材３から剥離され
る量のみでよく、極めて少量である。また、剥離された
濁質を圧力容器２外に排出するのは、ライン７から導入
される被処理水であり、充分な量の被処理水を被処理水
室４内に導入することにより剥離された濁質を容易かつ
迅速に容器２外に排出することができる。Therefore, according to the above procedure, the amount of treated water flowing back from the treated water chamber 5 to the treated water chamber 4 is only an amount by which the suspended matter is separated from the filter medium 3, which is an extremely small amount. Moreover, it is the treated water introduced from the line 7 that discharges the separated suspended matter to the outside of the pressure vessel 2, and the treated water is introduced into the treated water chamber 4 to separate the suspended matter. The suspended matter thus formed can be easily and quickly discharged to the outside of the container 2.
このように、逆洗水をストックしておくためのタンク10
や加圧装置12を設けることなく、少量の透過水の逆流に
より効果的な逆洗を行うことが可能である。In this way, the tank 10 for stocking the backwash water
It is possible to perform effective backwashing by backflowing a small amount of permeated water without providing a pressure device 12 or the pressurizing device 12.
以下キャピラリー型の有機膜からなる濾材を用いた平行
流濾過装置における逆洗実施例及び比較例を説明する。Examples and comparative examples of backwashing in a parallel flow filter using a filter material composed of a capillary type organic membrane will be described below.
濾過処理時の通水条件は次の通りである。The water flow conditions during the filtration process are as follows.
被処理水：Fe(OH)3の微粒子1g/の割合で含む液 濾過工程での被処理水圧力:2kg/cm2 通水初期における濾過水量:7.2m3／m3・日、 実施例 透過水流量が2.5m3／m2・日まで低下した後、弁13を閉
じ、処理水室５内の圧力を2kg/cm2まで高める。次にポ
ンプ６を停止し、圧力容器２内の圧力が0.5kg/cm2にな
るまで処理水室５から被処理水室４へ向けて処理水の逆
流を行う。なお処理水室５内の圧力が0.5kg/cm2にまで
低下するに要した時間は約1.5秒であった。その後、ポ
ンプ６を起動し、被処理水を0.2kg/cm2の圧力で７秒通
し、剥離した濁質の容器２外への排出を行った。その結
果、濾過水量は7.0m3／m2・日まで回復した。Treated water: Liquid containing Fe (OH) 3 fine particles at a rate of 1 g / Treated water pressure in the filtration process: 2 kg / cm 2 Filtrate volume at the initial passage of water: 7.2 m 3 / m 3 · day, Example Permeation After the water flow rate has dropped to 2.5 m 3 / m 2 · day, the valve 13 is closed and the pressure in the treated water chamber 5 is increased to 2 kg / cm 2 . Next, the pump 6 is stopped, and the treated water is allowed to flow backward from the treated water chamber 5 to the treated water chamber 4 until the pressure in the pressure vessel 2 reaches 0.5 kg / cm 2 . The time required for the pressure in the treated water chamber 5 to drop to 0.5 kg / cm 2 was about 1.5 seconds. Then, the pump 6 was started, and the water to be treated was passed through the container 2 at a pressure of 0.2 kg / cm 2 for 7 seconds to discharge the separated suspended matter to the outside of the container 2. As a result, the amount of filtered water recovered to 7.0 m 3 / m 2 · day.
比較例 上記逆洗方法の代りに、第２図に示す如くタンク10及び
加圧装置12を付設し、逆洗圧力2kg/cm2、逆洗時間10秒
にて濾材３の逆洗を行った。これにより透過水量は6.3m
3／m2・日まで回復した。Comparative Example Instead of the above backwashing method, a tank 10 and a pressurizing device 12 were additionally provided as shown in FIG. 2 , and the backwashing of the filter medium 3 was carried out at a backwashing pressure of 2 kg / cm 2 and a backwashing time of 10 seconds. . The permeated water volume is 6.3m
Recovered up to 3 / m 2 · day.
なお、実施例においては逆洗水量は膜面積／m2当り、１
以下であるのに対し、比較例では30を要した。In the examples, the amount of backwash water was 1 per unit of membrane area / m 2 .
In contrast to the following, 30 was required in the comparative example.
上記実施例及び比較例から明らかなように、本発明によ
れば極めて少量の処理水を逆流させるだけで濾過水量を
著しく高い水準にまで回復させ得ることが明らかであ
る。As is clear from the above Examples and Comparative Examples, according to the present invention, it is clear that the amount of filtered water can be recovered to a remarkably high level by backflowing an extremely small amount of treated water.
以上詳述した通り、本発明の逆洗方法によれば、加圧装
置や洗浄水をストックしておくためのタンクを用いるこ
となく、効果的な逆洗を行うことができ、装置構成の簡
易化が図れ、イニシャルコストの低減が図れる。また、
逆洗時に加圧装置を作動させることが不要であるから、
動力コストも低減できる。As described in detail above, according to the backwashing method of the present invention, effective backwashing can be performed without using a pressurizing device or a tank for stocking washing water, and the device configuration is simple. It is possible to reduce the initial cost. Also,
Since it is not necessary to operate the pressure device during backwashing,
Power cost can also be reduced.
また、逆洗に消費する処理水の量が極めて少量で足り、
処理水消費の無駄がない。更に、剥離した濁質の排出が
被処理水によって行われるから、極めて短時間にて充分
な濁質排出をなすことができる。Also, the amount of treated water consumed for backwashing is extremely small,
There is no waste of treated water. Further, since the separated suspended matter is discharged by the water to be treated, sufficient suspended matter can be discharged in an extremely short time.
従って、本発明方法によれば、濾過装置の逆洗のための
イニシャルコスト、ランニングコストの大幅な低減を図
れ、しかも装置稼働効率の増大をも図れる。Therefore, according to the method of the present invention, the initial cost and the running cost for backwashing the filtration device can be significantly reduced, and the operation efficiency of the device can be increased.
第１図は本発明方法を実施するに好適な装置の構成図、
第２図は従来装置の構成を示す系統図である。 １……濾過装置本体、２……圧力容器、３……濾材、４
……被処理水室、５……処理水室、６……ポンプ、７…
…給液ライン、８……排液ライン、９……処理水取出ラ
イン。FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an apparatus suitable for carrying out the method of the present invention,
FIG. 2 is a system diagram showing the configuration of a conventional device. 1 ... Filtration device main body, 2 ... Pressure vessel, 3 ... Filter material, 4
…… Treatment water chamber, 5 …… Treatment water chamber, 6 …… Pump, 7 ・ ・ ・
... liquid supply line, 8 ... drainage line, 9 ... treated water extraction line.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 金庭 初美 神奈川県厚木市森の里若宮７番１号 栗田 工業株式会社総合研究所内 (56)参考文献 特開 昭60−183018（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 昭60−166013（ＪＰ，Ａ) 実公 昭47−1503（ＪＰ，Ｙ１) ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Hatsumi Kaniwa 7-1 Morinosato Wakamiya Morinosato Wakamiya, Atsugi City, Kanagawa Pref., Kurita Industry Co., Ltd. (56) Reference JP-A-60-183018 (JP, A) JP-A-SHO 60-166013 (JP, A) Actual public 47-1503 (JP, Y1)
Claims (2)
処理水室とに区画し、被処理水室には給液ポンプを有す
る給液ラインと排液ラインとを接続すると共に、処理水
室には開閉弁を有する処理水取出ラインを接続してある
濾過装置において、 該濾過装置の逆洗を行うに際し、次の〜の工程、即
ち、 前記開閉弁を閉とし、処理水室内の圧力を上昇させ
る工程、 前記給液ポンプを停止し、被処理水室内の圧力を降
下させ、処理水室側から被処理水室側へ処理水を逆流さ
せ、濾材に付着した濁質の剥離を行う工程、 給液ポンプを起動することにより剥離した濁質を圧
力容器外へ排出する工程、 の手順にて逆洗することを特徴とする濾過装置の逆洗方
法。1. A pressure-resistant container into which a filter medium is inserted to divide into a treated water chamber and a treated water chamber, and the treated water chamber is connected to a liquid supply line having a liquid supply pump and a drainage line. In a filtration device in which a treated water take-out line having an on-off valve is connected to the treated water chamber, when performing backwashing of the filtration device, the following steps (1) to (3): Step of increasing the pressure in the room, stop the liquid supply pump, reduce the pressure in the treated water chamber, backflow the treated water from the treated water chamber side to the treated water chamber side, of the suspended matter adhered to the filter medium A backwashing method of the filtration device, characterized in that the backwashing is performed by the steps of: a step of peeling, and a step of activating the liquid supply pump to discharge the peeled suspended matter to the outside of the pressure vessel.
を特徴とする特許請求の範囲第１項に記載の濾過装置の
逆洗方法。2. The backwashing method for a filtering device according to claim 1, wherein the filtering device is a parallel flow filtering device.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61075095A JPH0677652B2 (en) | 1986-04-01 | 1986-04-01 | Backwashing method of filtration device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61075095A JPH0677652B2 (en) | 1986-04-01 | 1986-04-01 | Backwashing method of filtration device |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS62234514A JPS62234514A (en) | 1987-10-14 |
| JPH0677652B2 true JPH0677652B2 (en) | 1994-10-05 |
Family
ID=13566264
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61075095A Expired - Lifetime JPH0677652B2 (en) | 1986-04-01 | 1986-04-01 | Backwashing method of filtration device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0677652B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2506455B2 (en) * | 1989-09-11 | 1996-06-12 | 日本碍子株式会社 | Cross flow filtration method |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS60183018A (en) * | 1984-03-01 | 1985-09-18 | Toshiba Corp | Specimen water filtering apparatus for water quality measuring instrument |
-
1986
- 1986-04-01 JP JP61075095A patent/JPH0677652B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS62234514A (en) | 1987-10-14 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EXPY | Cancellation because of completion of term |