JPH0674900B2 - Large area panel heater using far infrared radiation ceramic style - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial field of application] The present invention relates to a panel heater using a far-infrared radiation ceramic style.

In particular, the present invention relates to a large-area panel heater that utilizes a large number of far-infrared radiation ceramic styles. ← [Prior Art] Conventional heating devices such as a heating device and a cooking device are roughly classified into the following two types when they are classified by means of transferring heat to an object.

Those that mainly use convection or radiation (non-contact transmission), and those that mainly use conduction (contact transmission).

Of these, most of the stoves and stoves for electricity, gas, oil, etc., including air conditioners, are included, and there are many highly versatile thermal devices.

For this, electric blankets, electric carpets, irons, cooking pots, ondols, etc. are included.

By the way, in the case of a circulation type bath, heat conduction from the bath gama to water () and convection to a hot water bath () are used together.

[Problems of conventional technology]

In the above-mentioned thermal equipment, when trying to obtain a desired amount of heat at the heat utilization location, the following differences occur in the heat source based on the difference in the heat transfer means.

In this case, high temperature heat generation is required because the heat source is locally arranged.

In the case of, a large-area heat source comparable to the heat utilization point is required.

Considering now the object of heating equipment, the type of has a problem that the characteristics of the heat source gradually deteriorate due to repeated use of high temperature heat cycle and the heat effect decreases, and with the increase in size of the equipment, there is a special problem. There is a drawback that it requires an installation space.

On the other hand, looking at the type (1), ondol, which was often used in cold regions before, has not been used much in recent years because of the high construction cost and the problem of thermal efficiency. Electric blankets, electric carpets, foot warmers, etc. are in widespread use. These thermal devices are similar to panel heaters in the sense that they are used in contact with or in close proximity to the human body, and have achieved the intended purpose with relatively low temperature heat generation, but the transmission of the heater coating is It has the disadvantages of poor thermal properties and low thermal efficiency.

[Object of the Invention]

Therefore, the present invention solves the above-mentioned drawbacks and problems of conventional heating appliances, in other words,
That is the first purpose.

Providing a large area panel heater, eliminating the need for a special installation space dedicated to heating equipment, which was previously required in the case of heating equipment for wide areas, etc., and achieving high heat transfer characteristics on the front side. Therefore, lowering the temperature of the heating element, preventing its deterioration and extending its life, and achieving far infrared reflection characteristics and heat insulation characteristics on the opposite side to reduce heat loss, improve thermal efficiency. Things to improve.

The present invention further goes beyond the scope of comparison with the above-mentioned conventional technology,
The following are the second objectives.

Radiating a large amount of far-infrared rays from a single surface, absorbing this in the moisture in the air in the living space, thereby warming the air efficiently, and 2 mm below the skin of the human body. Stimulate the "hot spot" in
A comfortable feeling of warmth is generated, waterproofing is facilitated, so that it can be used safely even in water areas such as entrances and bathrooms, pressure resistance, thermal shock resistance, Increased mechanical shock resistance, so that it can be stretched not only on indoor floors and walls, but also on outdoor streets and railroad tracks, convenience, efficiency, waterproofing, In addition to prolonging the service life, we must also realize cost reduction.

[Means for achieving the purpose]

Means for achieving the object according to the present invention are as follows.

A plurality of prismatic laminated unit cells that directly emit far infrared rays from a single surface without mediation and joint fillers are provided, and the laminated unit cells include a far infrared ray emitting substrate and a far infrared ray reflecting plate (3). And a heat insulating plate (4) and a pair of power supply terminals (51, 52), wherein the far-infrared radiation base is a far-infrared radiation plate (1),
And a conductive heating element (2), wherein the far-infrared radiation plate (1) is made of a highly heat-conductive and far-infrared radiation ceramic plate, and the conductive heating element (2) is one or more. Each of the far-infrared radiating substrates is the far-infrared radiating plate (1).
The conductive heating element (2) is closely arranged on the back surface or the inner surface of the laminated unit cell. In the laminated unit cell, the linear or ribbon-shaped conductive heating element (2) is connected to the pair of power feeds. Terminal (51,5
Between 2), electrically connected in series or in parallel,
The far-infrared radiation plate (1) is arranged so as to be heated uniformly, and the laminated unit cell includes the far-infrared radiation base,
The far-infrared reflector (3) and the heat insulating plate (4),
In this order, they are adhered, laminated, and solidified without inclusions, and all the laminated unit cells are arranged in a plane and without a gap to form a large-area panel by combining them, and thus they are adjacent to each other. Laminated unit cells are bonded to each other firmly and watertightly by joint fillers in all joints and at least in the far infrared radiation plate (1). Large area panel heater using far infrared radiation ceramic style. .

[Action]

This panel heater has very high heat conductivity and in-plane heat uniformity due to the adoption of a heat conductive heat transfer plate and a heat reflection structure. Therefore, the heat response and energy efficiency are excellent, and the heating element will not deteriorate. Much smaller than traditional thermal equipment.

In addition, this panel heater has a heat transfer plate that is rigid and seismic-resistant so that it consists of a single large-area ceramic plate due to the dense arrangement of multiple ceramic styles with a small area and media filling.
Due to its excellent wear resistance, it can be used not only on indoor floors but also on outdoor streets.

Thus, increasing the area by connecting standardized tiles with a small area can handle the height difference of the reference surface (panel installation surface) that can be processed into any shape, size, and color pattern. The heat conductive plate can be finished at low cost. Thermal shock and mechanical shock can be absorbed by the image area. Excellent features not found in conventional large-area panel heaters for heating, such as easy waterproofing, and easy combination of the ceramics non-heating tile of the same standard to optimize the layout pattern of the heating area. There is.

If this panel heater is used for floor wall surfaces, street surfaces, desks and chairs, it does not require an installation space as a heating device and does not require finishing materials, so it is extremely convenient in combination with long life.

Household thermal equipment functionally similar to the panel heater of the present invention, such as a hot plate or an electromagnetic frying pan, an electric iron, or a heat pipe used for fluid heating,
The surface of the heat sink is covered with a non-corrosive material such as Teflon, which has poor thermal conductivity, and can be heated only to a relatively low temperature (about 250 ° C) to protect the resin. The strength is also weak.

The performance limits of these products can be easily overcome by the panel heater of the present invention.

On the other hand, a thin film thermal head for a printer is a product structurally somewhat similar to the exothermic ceramics of the present invention. The thermal head has a structure in which a so-called glazed alumina whose surface is coated with glass is a base, and a heating element thin film, an insulating antioxidant film, and a wear-resistant layer are laminated in this order on the base. The heat is released not from the glaze alumina side but from the wear layer side. The thermal head is capable of rapidly (~ 10msec), high temperature (~ 500m) for printing small area (against wear layer).
Since it was developed for the purpose of repeated heating, it attaches great importance to preventing deterioration due to oxidation of the conductive heating element, and therefore unlike the case of the present invention, sacrifices thermal conductivity to prevent oxidation on the heating element. SiC that can be formed at a low temperature at the sacrifice of thermal conductivity due to consideration of the heat-dissipating portion on the film (insulating film), that is, the low-melting point glaze layer already formed as the wear-resistant layer and the electrode layer. And SiO ₂ are arranged. Due to these poor thermal conductivity, the heating element had to be heated to a higher temperature in order to obtain a predetermined temperature on the surface of the abrasion resistant layer (printed portion), and it was transmitted to the glaze layer on the lower surface of the heating element. Even if the heat is radiated from the alumina substrate directly below, it is unavoidable that the life of the heating element is shortened.

On the other hand, the panel heater of the present invention is fundamentally different in that the above-described heat dissipation characteristics are given the highest priority, and the heat dissipation surface is formed of heat conductive ceramics (hereinafter referred to as ceramics).

〔Example〕

 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail based on embodiments.

Example 1 FIG. 1 shows a laminated unit cell according to the first example. This laminated unit cell is manufactured by the following procedure.

First, a laminated tile is formed.

That is, for forming the heat dissipation part, ▲ good thermal conductive insulating ceramics 1
Material: 96% Al ₂ O ₃ clay, thickness 1 cm, area 30 × 30 cm
Molded into ^2, and engraved on one side a meandering groove with a depth of about 3 mm and a width of 1 and 2 mm with a pitch of 4 mm and a distance between the turning points of about 29.5 cm.
Take out after firing at the above high temperature. A kanthal wire (circular cross section) having a wire diameter of 1 mm is arranged as a conductive heating element 2 by closely contacting it along the meandering groove as shown in FIG.
A 92% Al ₂ O ₃ clay plate having an area of 30 × 30 cm ² and an area of 30 m ² is stacked, pressed and fired again at 1300 ° C. to form a laminated tile.

When a linear heating element is used as in the present embodiment, the heating element 2 is embedded and fixed in the good thermal conductive insulating ceramics 1 from the viewpoint of improving thermal conductivity and impact resistance. , Is essential.

Next, copper alloy metal fittings 5, 5 are attached to both ends of the Kanthal wire embedded in the laminated tile, respectively.

That is, using a notch having a width of 5 mm and a length of 1 cm provided on a 92% Al ₂ O ₃ viscous plate in advance, a cylindrical hole 52 made of a copper alloy and having an inner diameter of about 2 mm is provided at one end, and the inside of the tile is about 1 cm. Then, a copper alloy rod 51 having a diameter of about 2 mm is fixed to the other end so as to protrude to the outside of the tile by about 1 cm. The cylindrical hole 52 is connected to one end of the Kanthal wire, and the copper alloy rod 51 is connected to the other end. The thickness of the copper alloy rod 51 is set so that it can be closely fitted into the cylindrical hole 52. This is shown in FIG. The copper alloy rod 51 and the cylindrical hole 52 constitute the copper alloy metal fitting 5. Next, the glaze 7 is applied to the surface of the 96% Al ₂ O ₃ ceramics and baked at 900 ° C.

Then, a copper plate having a thickness of about 1 mm was adhered as a far-infrared reflecting plate on the back surface of the 92% Al ₂ O ₃ ceramic plate so as not to come into contact with the copper alloy metal fitting 5, and the far-infrared reflecting plate was attached. An isolite brick having a thickness of about 5 mm is bonded as the heat insulating material 4 on the reflecting plate 3.

The laminated unit cell is completed by the above.

It is useful as a large-sized panel heater by connecting a plurality of these unit cells and energizing them. For example, when affixing to a 3 x 3 m ² wall surface, 10 unit cells of the above-mentioned copper alloy rod
The walls can be filled by arranging them in a horizontal row so that the 51 are inserted and fixed in the copper alloy cylindrical holes 52 of the adjacent unit cells, and repeating this step 10 times. A gap between adjacent unit cells is fixed by applying a medium as in the conventional tile attachment.

The resistance value of the series connection of each row in a row was about 42Ω at room temperature.
Each stage is connected in parallel, and this is used as a load on the secondary side of an AC slidac with a primary side of 200V and a capacity of 15KVA. After drying, the secondary side pressure is increased, and the series connection unit cell group in a significantly horizontal row becomes
Current of about 2.5A at 100V and current of 5A at 200V flows. Room temperature 18 ℃,
In the case of natural convection of indoor air, when 100 V is applied to this wall unit cell, the wall temperature reaches 22 ° C after 5 minutes, 34 ° C after 10 minutes, 44 ° C after 15 minutes, 48 ° C after 20 minutes, and is saturated at about 50 ° C. did. On the other hand, when 200 V is applied, 5 minutes later, 45 ° C, 10 minutes later, 74 ° C, and 15 minutes later, 91 ° C.
It reached ℃ and saturated at about 105 ℃. When forced convection was used to lower the indoor air from the ceiling side along the wall surface, the wall temperature was saturated at 55 ℃ under strong wind speed even when 200 V was applied. Under this condition, the temperature in the room having a volume of 3 × 3 × 10 m ³ reaches about 32 ° C. after 10 minutes from the initial 18 ° C. It can be said that this is a very efficient heating and heating device.
Although the vertical and horizontal planes are assembled, there may be an example in which one row in the horizontal direction (or the vertical direction) is used as a unit.

Although not mentioned in the above example, well-known temperature sensors and SCR
It is of course possible to adjust the temperature to a constant value in combination with.
When combined with a thermistor or the like, it is possible to adopt an efficient energizing method in which the entire wall surface is heated in a short time even if it has a predetermined temperature.

Although it is a large panel heater like this, it does not occupy a place where it is installed because it forms part of the wall surface or floor surface, and the temperature of the heating element itself is low, and it is completely covered with ceramics. Therefore, it is possible to maintain high thermal efficiency for a very long period of 10 years or more without adhering dust or dust.

(Example 2) This example is shown in FIG. Thermally conductive insulating ceramics 1
Clay containing 92% of activated alumina, which is excellent in sinterability, is formed into a plate shape with a thickness of 5 mm and 31 × 50 cm ² and is fired at 1400 ° C. to make a magnetic plate. One surface is polished to make it slightly smooth, and a striped conductive film In ₂ O ₃ -SnO ₂ -Sb ₂ O ₃ with a width of 1 cm and a gap of 1 cm is formed on this polished surface by chemical spraying as shown in Fig. 2 (a). It is formed to a thickness of μm. In this unit cell, this stripe-shaped conductive film serves as the heating element 2. A through hole 10 is provided at the end of the heat insulating film 4 formed right above the conductive film surface. As shown in FIG. 2B, this through hole 10 has a structure in which a hole having a diameter of 5 mm is penetrated near both ends in the longitudinal direction in accordance with the stripe-shaped conductive film pattern (the position of the hole is on the conductive film). ). The heat insulating film 4 is an isolite brick having a thickness of 1 cm and an area of 31 × 50 cm ² , and is bonded as a heat insulating material, and the peripheral portion is resin-molded to prevent moisture. The resin used for adhesion and molding has heat resistance and also functions as a heat reflection plate. Next, the copper strip 11 has a diameter of 3 mm, and a Sn wire 12 having a length of 1 cm is vertically banded at 1 cm intervals to match the isolite brick holes,
An In pellet is attached to the tip of each Sn wire 12. This Sn wire-attached copper strip 11 is arranged near both ends of the Isolite brick,
The Sn wire 12 is inserted into the isolite brick hole and the In pellet is brought into contact with the stripe-shaped conductive film. When heated to about 200 ° C., the In pellet at the tip of Sn is melted and deposited as an In—Sn alloy on the striped conductive film. When the coated conductors are soldered to the copper strips 11 on both ends, the 16 stripe conductive films are connected in parallel with each other. The entire surface of the Isolite brick including the copper strip 11 is resin-molded to provide a waterproof and insulating structure. Thereafter, the heat-generating ceramics is inverted and laid on the floor with the surface of the heat-conductive insulating ceramics 1 facing up. The resistance value of the stripe-shaped conductive film varies depending on the film composition, manufacturing conditions, thickness, etc., but normally one stripe has a resistance of 3 to 10 Ω. Apply a voltage between the coated wires to
When a current of 0.5 to 1 A is applied, the surface of the high thermal conductivity insulating ceramics (alumina porcelain plate) 1 is heated to a saturation temperature of about 70 ° C in a room where the temperature was initially 18 ° C where forced convection is not applied to the air.

Also in the case of the present heating ceramic style, a plurality of laminated unit cells can be connected in series and parallel as in the case of the previous embodiment. In fact, if this heating ceramic panel heater (series-parallel connection body) is waterproofed and spread over the street, it can be used for heating in winter and preventing snow and freezing on the street in cold regions. Multilayer unit cell (31 x 50 cm
Needless to say, when a plurality of panels are panelized in a state where ² ) are electrically connected in series and parallel, the gaps between adjacent unit cells are filled with media.

〔effect〕

As described in the above embodiments, the panel heater using the heating ceramics of the present invention is (1) a laminated heating panel heater of a heat radiating plate / electric heat generating plate / heat reflecting plate / heat insulating plate, wherein the heat radiating plate material is heated. By improving the thermal response and single-sided heat dissipation characteristics by using the good conductivity ceramics, the usability and energy efficiency have been improved.

(2) Since a plurality of heat-conductive tiles with a small area and a fixed standard are densely arranged and a gap between adjacent tiles is completely filled with a medium, a ceramics panel having a large area is used as a heat dissipation plate. We were able to obtain a heat dissipation plate that has rigidity and abrasion resistance, is strong against thermal shock, is inexpensive, and does not require finishing materials. Small area standardized tiles can be connected to increase the area, so it is possible to deal with height differences on the installation surface and changes in shape, size, and color pattern, and it is easy to combine waterproofing and non-heating tiles.

It has an excellent advantage.

In addition to the alumina-based ceramics described in the above-mentioned examples, nitrides, for example, aluminum nitride, silicon nitride, boron nitride, and ceramics materials containing these are suitable as materials for the heat sink.

Further, as the material of the heat reflection plate, in addition to metal, inorganic substances such as potassium fluoride, glass, asphalt, oxide ceramics having a smaller optical refractive index than the heat dissipation plate material, and heat resistant plastic (resin) are suitable.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory view of the first embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is
It is explanatory drawing of a 2nd Example. 1 ... Thermally conductive insulating ceramics, 2 ... Heating element, 3 ...
Heat reflection plate, 4 ... Insulation material, 5 ... Copper alloy metal fittings, 6 ... Copper strip plate, 7 ... Glaze (glass).

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A plurality of prismatic laminated unit cells that directly radiate far infrared rays from a single surface without mediation, and a joint filler.
And the far-infrared radiation base, the far-infrared reflection plate (3), a heat insulating plate (4), and a pair of power supply terminals (51, 52). The radiation base has a far-infrared radiation plate (1) and a conductive heating element (2), and the far-infrared radiation plate (1) is made of a highly heat-conductive and far-infrared radiation ceramic plate. The conductive heating element (2) is composed of one or a plurality of linear or ribbon-shaped conductive heating elements, and the far-infrared radiation base is provided on the inner surface or the back surface of the far-infrared radiation plate (1). In the laminated unit cell, the conductive heating element (2) is closely arranged, and the linear or ribbon-shaped conductive heating element (2) is connected to the pair of power supply terminals (51, 5).
Between 2), electrically connected in series or in parallel,
The far-infrared radiation plate (1) is arranged so as to be heated uniformly, and the laminated unit cell includes the far-infrared radiation base,
The far-infrared reflector (3) and the heat insulating plate (4),
In this order, they are adhered, laminated, and solidified without inclusions, and all the laminated unit cells are arranged in a plane and without a gap to form a large-area panel by combining them, and thus they are adjacent to each other. Laminated unit cells are bonded to each other firmly and watertightly by joint fillers in all joints and at least in the far infrared radiation plate (1). Large area panel heater using far infrared radiation ceramic style. .