JPH0662667A - Microorganism inoculating agent - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To inoculate a fixed amount of an infectious source of microorganism into soil readily and efficiently by pharmaceutically manufacturing the infectious source of microorganism together with a disintegrator to form an inoculating agent. CONSTITUTION:For example, a VA mycorrhizal fungus, fungus of ectotrophic mycorrhiza, root nodule bacteria or antagonistic microorganism may be cited as the infectious source of microorganism. The infectious source of microorganism is used in the form of mycelium, spare, mycelium chip, infectious root tissue, etc., and pharmaceutically manufactured preferably together with an extender such as soil particles and a disintegrator to excite a highly water absorbing polymer to give an inoculating agent. In the case of spore of a VA mycorrhizal fungus as the infectious source of microorganism, preferably 500-800 spores are used based on 1g extender and preferably about 0.05-0.2g disintegrator based on 1g preparation. The inoculating agent is inoculated to soil and water is sprinkled so that the disintegrator contained in the inoculating agent is swollen to destroy the inoculating agent and the infectious source of microorganism in the inoculating agent is widely spread from the inoculation position.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

This invention relates to microbial inoculants.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art There are various microorganisms in soil that help the growth of plants. For example, symbiotic fungi which are one of such microorganisms include root nodule bacteria, VA mycorrhizal fungi, and exogenous fungi. Root fungi, orchid mycorrhizal fungi, azalea mycorrhizal fungi and the like.
These symbiotic fungi infect the roots of plants (symbiotic), root nodule bacteria fix nitrogen in the air, and mycorrhizal fungi promote the growth by helping the absorption of minerals such as phosphate and water. It is known to increase the disease resistance and drought resistance.

However, the number of useful microorganisms in farmland is very small nowadays due to the predominant agricultural method which uses a large amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Further, in the production of plug seedlings and meliclon seedlings, artificial soil such as vermiculite and perlite is used, and such artificial soil does not contain the above-mentioned useful microorganisms at all.

Therefore, it has been practiced to inoculate plants by inoculating soil with the above-mentioned useful microorganisms. Among useful microorganisms, for example, the form of inoculation of VA mycorrhizal fungi into the soil includes VA mycorrhizal fungal infection sources (spores, hyphae, infected root tissues, etc.) and cultivated soil or soil particles (clay, vermiculite) as extenders. Etc.) is considered to be mixed (hereinafter, such an inoculum is called a granular inoculum). This granular inoculum is widely used because it is easy to manufacture, but it has the following problems.

1 Because of the granularity, the VA mycorrhizal infection source and soil particles are separated by vibration, and small VA mycorrhizal infection sources gather at the bottom of the bag and large soil particles at the top of the bag, so that VA in the bag The distribution of the mycorrhizal fungal infection source becomes uneven and the reproducibility of the inoculation effect is lost.

2 Since the surface area per unit weight is large, the infection efficiency of VA mycorrhizal fungi is likely to decrease due to moisture absorption and overdrying during storage, contamination with various bacteria and the like.

Although it is necessary to weigh out the inoculum so as to contain a certain amount of 3 VA mycorrhizal fungi, this operation is not always easy.

[0008] In order to solve the above problems, it is possible to formulate a certain amount of microbial infection source and soil particles. In this case, after inoculating the soil with the formulated inoculant, the microbial infection source Since it takes time to be released from the inoculum and the degree of diffusion is small, it is not possible to expect a dramatic increase in infection efficiency as a result.

[0009]

The object of the present invention is to provide an inoculum for effectively infecting a plant with a microbial infectious agent.

[0010]

Means for Solving the Problems The present inventor has conducted intensive studies in view of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and as a result, formulated a microbial infection source together with a bulking agent and a disintegrating agent to obtain an inoculum, and thereby to obtain a constant It has been found that a large amount of microbial infectious agent can be inoculated into soil easily and efficiently.

That is, the present invention provides an inoculum containing a microbial infection source, a filler and a disintegrant in a mixed state.

In the present invention, as a source of microbial infection,
(1) Symbiotic fungi with plants, for example, VA mycorrhizal fungi, ectomycorrhizal fungi, mycorrhizal fungi of the family Orchidaceae, mycorrhizal fungi of azalea family, nitrogen-fixing bacteria such as rhizobia, and (2) An antagonistic microorganism such as Pseudomonas is exemplified. Specifically, the VA mycorrhizae, Jai gas Paula (Gigaspora) genus Sukuterisupora (Scutellispora) genus Guromasu (Glomus)
Genus, account losses Paula (Acaulospora) genus Sukureroshisuchisu (Sclerocystis) genus or Entro Foss Paula (Entrophospora) bacteria belonging to the genus is exemplified, preferably Jai gas Paula genus, Sukuterisupora genus and Guromasu genus good. More specifically, Gigaspora margarita , Gigaspora albida , Scutellispora gregaria , Glomus fasciculatum , Glomus etscunitum ), Guromasu-Mosse (Glomus mosseae), Guromasu-Kuraramu (Glomus Clarum) Guromasu intracellularis Radi box (Glomus intraradix) and the like. In addition, as the run Kakin'nekin Rhizoctonia (Rhizoctonia) genus, Pejizera (Pezizella) genus as azalea Department of mycorrhizal fungi, as the ectomycorrhizal fungi Amanita (Amanita) genus Trichoderma Rome (Tricholoma) genus, Rizopogon ( Rhizopogon genus and Scleroderma genus, and rhizobia include Rhizobium genus and Bradyrhizobium genus.

The microbial infection source of the present invention can be used alone or in combination of two or more kinds, and the type of microbial infection source can be appropriately selected and used according to the type of target plant. .

The microbial infection source of the present invention can be used in the form of cells, spores, hyphae, hypha chips, infected root tissues and the like.

Examples of plants to be inoculated with the microbial infection source in the present invention include legumes such as soybeans and kidney beans, rice, wheat, corn, and cereals such as potatoes,
Vegetables such as cucumber, tomato, pepper, eggplant, asparagus, onion, apple, grape, fig, kiwi, citrus fruits (citrus etc.), strawberry, almond,
Examples include fruit or tree nuts such as peach, melon, walnut, cypress, palm, cedar, maple, ferns, gardenia, periwinkle, etc. To be done.

Examples of the extender of the present invention include soil particles, clay, bentonite, kaolin, sericite, sieglite, talc, acid clay, pumice stone, silica sand, pyrophyllite, flint,
Zeolite, perlite, red clay, dextrin, alumina, silica gel, diatomaceous earth, graphite, lactose, glucose, sucrose, corn starch, starch, cellulose,
Examples thereof include gelatin, and preferably soil particles. As the soil particles, red tama soil, grass soil, Kanuma soil, Kuroboku soil or general soil can be widely used.

The inoculum of the present invention is not particularly limited, but when the source of microbial infection is VA mycorrhizal spores,
The spores are contained in an amount of 10 to 1,000, preferably 500 to 800, per 1 g of the bulking agent, and the spores are formulated to have a uniform spore density.

The inoculum of the present invention is inoculated in the form of a granule inoculum, a capsule inoculum, a dry alginate gel inoculum, and the like. As additives for the formulation, in addition to the above-mentioned bulking agent, water, polyethylene glycol are used. , A binder such as methylcellulose, a pesticide such as a fungicide, an insecticide and a herbicide, a chemical fertilizer, an organic fertilizer, a nutrient component such as a trace element, and a plant growth regulator such as a plant hormone. Any of these preparations can be produced according to a conventional method. For example, capsules are commercially available capsules such as gelatin hard capsules and starch hard capsules, and a microbial infection source, a bulking agent and a disintegrating agent, and if necessary, the above-mentioned agents. It can be obtained by filling a capsule filling machine together with additives. A required amount of the additive is appropriately used. The obtained one capsule contains about 0.1 to 1 g of the inoculant of the present invention. This filling is carried out while randomly mixing the above-mentioned three kinds of mixtures in each direction so that the ratio becomes uniform, so that each formulation contains various components at a constant ratio. Further, the granulating agent is not particularly limited, but it is granulated by a stirring granulator, a tumbling granulator or the like in such a state that the ratio of various components falls within a certain range. As the binder used for granulation, specifically, water,
Alcohol, ethylene glycol, bentonite clay,
Glue, rosin, gum arabic, butyl rubber, acrylic rubber, nitrile rubber, latex, gelatin, casein, polyvinyl alcohol, methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, cyanoethyl cellulose, sodium alginate, polystyrene, polyethylene, polyvinyl acetate, epoxy resin, polyethylene glycol, etc. Is mentioned. When an aqueous solution is used as a binder or the like in the process of formulation, it is preferable to reduce the amount of water component used and shorten the formulation time in order to prevent the disintegrant from absorbing water and swelling. Furthermore, it is preferable to dry the product in a short time after formulation. The standard for drying is 40% or less of the water content included in each formulation.
It is preferably about 10 to 20%. In addition, by coating or film-coating the disintegrant with sucrose, cacao butter, plastic, gelatin, albumin, polyvinyl alcohol, etc. before formulation, it suppresses the disintegrant from absorbing water and swelling during the formulation process. be able to. The thickness of the coating layer can be appropriately selected depending on its material and the like.

The disintegrant of the present invention is one which swells by 50 to 1000 times in volume with the absorption of pure water containing no dissolved components such as salts, and examples thereof include super absorbent polymers. As the superabsorbent polymer, various resins such as starch-based, cellulose-based and synthetic polymer-based resins are commercially available, and all of them can be used. Specific examples thereof include hydrophilic derivatives of polyacrylic acid, polyacrylamide, starch and polymethacrylic acid, and more specifically, starch-acrylonitrile polymer hydrolyzate, starch-acrylate cross-linked product, carboxymethyl cellulose, polyacrylic. Examples thereof include acid soda and crosslinked products, and these can be used alone or in combination of two or more kinds. The disintegrant is 0.01 per 1 g of the preparation.
The amount used is about 0.8 g, preferably about 0.05 0.2 g.

The inoculant of the present invention can be widely applied to Akadama soil, grass soil, Kanuma soil, Kuroboku soil or general soil.

[0021]

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The inoculant of the present invention is inoculated into soil and then sprayed with water, whereby the disintegrant contained in the inoculant largely swells and destroys the inoculant. Since the infectious agent spreads over a wide area from the inoculation site, plants planted near the inoculant can be efficiently infected with the microbial infectious agent.

[0022]

EXAMPLES The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to examples and comparative examples.

Example 1 * Preparation of capsule type inoculant A granular inoculant of VA mycorrhizal fungus (Glomas mosse) and a superabsorbent polymer are contained in # 3 gelatin hard capsules for pharmaceutical use (manufactured by Japan Elanco Co., Ltd.). MIZ ACE (trade name, manufactured by Sanyo Kasei Co., Ltd.) was mixed in the following ratio.

VA Mycorrhizal granular inoculant 90% Mizuace 10% 0.2 g per capsule was filled with the mixture using a capsule filling machine (Osaka Automatic Co., Ltd.). Granular inoculum contains 750 VA mycorrhizal fungi (gromus mosse) spores per gram particle size 0.1-0.3 mm
I used the red tama soil.

Comparative Example 1 A capsule-type inoculum for comparison was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that red pearly earth having a particle size of 0.1 to 0.3 mm was used in place of Mizuace.

Comparative Example 2 750 VA mycorrhizal fungi (Gromas mosse) per gram
With a granular inoculant containing spores and having a particle size of 0.1 to 1.0 mm filled in a nylon bag of (length 20 cm) x (width 15 cm) and sealed, the vibration in the vertical and horizontal directions is about the same. 1
It was vibrated at a rate of 30 times per minute for 15 minutes, and the uppermost portion was taken out for use as a comparative inoculum.

Example 2 * Disintegration test 50 ml of red pearly earth was put in a 110 ml pot, and two capsule type inoculants having the disintegrating property obtained in Example 1 were placed on the pot and covered with 60 ml of red pearly earth. Further, the capsule-type inoculant obtained in Comparative Example 1 was placed on the surface in the same manner as a control. Both are 2 in a day in a climate chamber
The cells were cultured under conditions of daily watering at 5 ° C. under light conditions for 16 hours and at 20 ° C. under dark conditions for 8 hours, and the spore diffusion state was observed at 1 week.

As a result, the VA mycorrhizal spores of the capsule-type inoculant of the present invention having a disintegrating property was 3c at maximum from the inoculation site.
Although it spread to m, in the capsule type inoculant of Comparative Example 1,
The VA mycorrhizal spores were not diffused beyond the capsule diameter (5 mm).

Example 3 * Infection test 50 ml of red tama soil was placed in a 110 ml pot, and two of the disintegrating capsule-type inoculants obtained in Example 1 were placed. After covering the soil with 50 ml of red tama soil, 20 seeds of alfalfa were sown and further covered with 10 ml of red pearl soil. In addition, the capsule type inoculum of Comparative Example 1 and the non-capsule type inoculum of Comparative Example 2 which were not disintegrated were inoculated by the same method, and were used as controls. Both of them were cultured in the artificial climate chamber under the same conditions as in Example 2, and the infection rates to the plant roots at the 2nd and 4th weeks were measured by a conventional method.

The results are shown in Table 1 below.

Table 1 Week 2 Week 4 Week Inoculum of Example 1 40% 70% Inoculum of Comparative Example 1 30% 55% Inoculum of Comparative Example 5 5% 15% From the results of Table 1 above, The inoculant of Comparative Example 1 in which the conventional inoculant of Comparative Example 2 is encapsulated can improve the infection rate of a microbial infection source, but the inoculant of the present invention in which a disintegrant is added to the capsule is much more It is clear that the infection rate of microbial sources can be improved.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 shows a conventional granular inoculum.

FIG. 2 shows an inoculum according to the invention produced by granulation.

FIG. 3 shows an inoculum of the invention in which a granular inoculum is encapsulated in alginate gel.

FIG. 4 shows an inoculum of the invention in which a granular inoculum is encapsulated. In FIGS. 1 to 4, ◯ indicates a source of microbial infection, and ● indicates a polymer absorbent.

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Tadao Ohnaka, 17 Nakadouji Minami-cho, Shimogyo-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture

Claims (8)

[Claims] 1. An inoculum comprising a microbial infection source, a filler and a disintegrant in a mixed state. 2. The inoculant according to claim 1, wherein the extender is soil particles. 3. The disintegrant is a superabsorbent polymer.
Or the inoculum according to 2. 4. The inoculant according to claim 3, wherein the super absorbent polymer is at least one selected from the group consisting of hydrophilic derivatives of polyacrylic acid, polyacrylamide, starch and polymethacrylic acid. 5. The inoculum according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the microbial infection source is a symbiotic bacterium with a plant. 6. The inoculum according to claim 5, wherein the symbiotic bacterium is VA mycorrhizal fungus. 7. A VA mycorrhizal fungus is Glomus , Gigaspora or Sc
The inoculum according to claim 6, which is a bacterium belonging to the genus utellispora . 8. A VA mycorrhizal fungus is G. clarum , G. aggregatu
m , G. occultum , G.intraradix , G. etunicatum , G.
The inoculum according to claim 7, which is at least one selected from the group consisting of mosseae and G. albida .