JPH0662668A - Agent for inoculating va mycorrhizal fungus - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To effectively infect a VA mycorrhizal fungus to a plant root by pharmaceutically manufacturing an infectious source of a VA mycorrhizal fungus and an extender, preferably soil particles. CONSTITUTION:A VA mycorrhizal fungus belonging to the genus Gigaspora, Scutellispora and Glomus is used in the form of spore, mycelium, mycelium chip, infectious root tissue, etc., as an infectious source of a VA mycorrhizal fungus. Common soil particles including Akadama soil, Kanuma soil and topdressing of turf are used as the extender. The VA mycorrhizal fungus is pharmaceutically manufactured together with the extender. A binder, an agricultural chemical, a nutritive component and a plant growth regulator are used as additives of the preparation besides the extender. In the case of spore of a VA mycorrhizal fungus as the infectious source of microorganism, the preparation is produced in such a way that 10-1,000 spares are contained based on 1g extender and density of spore is uniformalized based on 1g extender. Consequently, a plant root can be stably infected with a fixed amount of a VA mycorrhizal fungus.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an inoculant for infecting plant roots with VA mycorrhizal fungi.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art There are various microorganisms in soil that help the growth of plants. Among them, VA
Mycorrhizal fungi infect more than 80% of the roots of plants on the earth, help the absorption of minerals such as phosphate and water, promote growth,
It is known to improve disease resistance and drought resistance.

However, since agricultural methods that use a large amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides have become mainstream, V
The number of mycorrhizal fungi is very low. Further, in the production of plug seedlings and meliclon seedlings, artificial soil such as vermiculite or perlite is used, and such artificial soil does not contain VA mycorrhizal fungi at all.

Therefore, plants are infected by inoculating VA mycorrhizal fungi into the soil. As an inoculant of this VA mycorrhizal fungus into the soil, VA mycorrhizal fungal infection sources (spores,
An inoculum in which a mycelium, infected root tissue, etc.) and cultivated soil or soil particles (clay, vermiculite, etc.) as an extender are mixed (hereinafter, such an inoculum is referred to as a granular inoculum) is considered. This granular inoculum is widely used because it is easy to manufacture, but it has the following problems.

1 Because of the granularity, the VA mycorrhizal infection source and soil particles are separated by vibration, and small VA mycorrhizal infection sources gather at the bottom of the bag and large soil particles at the top of the bag, so that VA in the bag The distribution of the mycorrhizal fungal infection source becomes uneven and the reproducibility of the inoculation effect is lost.

2 Since the surface area per unit weight is large, the infection efficiency of VA mycorrhizal fungi is likely to decrease due to moisture absorption and overdrying during storage, contamination with various bacteria and the like.

Although it is necessary to weigh out the inoculum so that it contains a certain amount of 3 VA mycorrhizal infection source, this operation is not always easy.

[0008] JP-A-63-240726 and JP-A-1-218524 disclose that fungi that take a long time to infect and grow by incorporating fungi mycorrhizal fungi such as matsutake mushrooms and shimeji mushrooms into the gel at the time of inoculation. Disclosed is a method for protecting root fungi, preventing adverse effects of other bacteria, etc., and facilitating infection of plants with fungi mycorrhizal fungi. However, infection of VA mycorrhizal fungi to plant roots occurs promptly when the VA mycorrhizal mycelium and plant roots come into contact with each other. It is not necessary to embed and encapsulate with such a gel to prevent it.

[0009]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide an inoculant for more effectively infecting plants with VA mycorrhizal fungi.

[0010]

Means for Solving the Problems As a result of intensive studies in view of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, the inventor of the present invention formulated a source of VA mycorrhizal infection to produce a certain amount of VA mycorrhizal infection. It has been found that the source can be easily inoculated into the soil, the variation in the infection rate after inoculation is reduced, and the VA mycorrhizal fungus stably infects the plant root.

That is, the present invention provides an inoculum prepared by formulating a source of VA mycorrhizal infection and a filler.

[0012] As the VA mycorrhizae of the present invention, Jai gas Paula (Gigaspora) genus Sukuterisupora (Scutelli
spora) genus, Guromasu (Glomus) genus, account loss Paula (Acaulospora) genus, Sukureroshisuchisu (Sclerocysti
s ) genus or Entrophospora
Bacteria belonging to the genus are exemplified, and the genus Jaigaspora, the genus Scuterispora and the genus Gromus are preferable. More specifically, Gigas Paula Margarita ( Gigas
pora margarita ), Jaigaspora arvida ( G
igaspora albida), Sukuterisupora-gregaria (Scutellisporagregaria), Guromasu-Agurigeita beam (Glomus aggregatum), Guromasu-Okarutamu (Gl
omus occultum ) Glomus fascicularum
fasciculatum ), Glomus etsunikatum
etunicutum), Guromasu-Mosse (Glomus mosseae
), Guromasu-Kuraramu (Glomus Clarum) Guromasu intracellularis Radi box (Glomus intraradix) and the like are exemplified, preferably Guromasu-Kuraramu, Guromasu-Agurigeita arm, Guromasu-Okarutamu, Guromasu intracellularis Radi box, Guromasu-Etsunikatsumu, Guromasu &
Examples include Mossé and Jaigaspora Albida.

The VA mycorrhizal fungi of the present invention can be used singly or in combination of two or more kinds, and the type of VA mycorrhizal fungi is appropriately selected and used according to the type of target plant. You can

The VA mycorrhizal fungal infection source of the present invention can be used in the form of spores, hyphae, hyphae chips, infected root tissues and the like.

Examples of the extender of the present invention include soil particles, clay, bentonite, kaolin, sericite, sieglite, talc, acid clay, pumice stone, silica sand, pyrophyllite, vermiculite,
Zeolite, perlite, red clay, dextrin, alumina, silica gel, diatomaceous earth, graphite, lactose, glucose, sucrose, corn starch, starch, cellulose,
Examples thereof include gelatin, and preferably soil particles. As the soil particles, general soil such as Akadama soil, Kanuma soil, and grass soil can be widely used.

The inoculant of the present invention is not particularly limited, but when the source of VA mycorrhizal infection is spores, about 10 to 1,000, preferably 500 to 800, spores are added per 1 g of the extender. The formulation is made to have a uniform spore density per formulation.

The inoculum of the present invention is inoculated in the form of a granule inoculum, a capsule inoculum, a dry alginate gel inoculum, and the like. As additives for the formulation, in addition to the above-mentioned bulking agent, water, polyethylene glycol are used. , A binder such as methylcellulose, a pesticide such as a fungicide, an insecticide and a herbicide, a chemical fertilizer, an organic fertilizer, a nutrient component such as a trace element, and a plant growth regulator such as a plant hormone. Any of these preparations can be produced according to a conventional method. For example, capsules are commercially available capsules such as gelatin hard capsules and starch hard capsules, a microbial infection source and a bulking agent, if necessary together with the above-mentioned additives. It can be obtained by filling with a capsule filling machine or the like. A required amount of the additive is appropriately used. The obtained one capsule contains about 0.1 to 1 g of the inoculant of the present invention. This filling is performed while randomly mixing the above-mentioned two kinds of mixture so that the ratio becomes uniform, so that each preparation contains various components at a constant ratio. Further, the granulating agent is not particularly limited, but it is granulated by a stirring granulator, a tumbling granulator or the like in such a state that the ratio of various components falls within a certain range. Specific examples of the binder used for granulation include water, alcohol, ethylene glycol, bentonite clay, glue, rosin, gum arabic, butyl rubber, acrylic rubber, nitrile rubber, latex, gelatin, casein, polyvinyl alcohol, and methyl cellulose. , Hydroxypropyl cellulose, cyanoethyl cellulose, sodium alginate, polystyrene, polyethylene, polyvinyl acetate,
Examples thereof include epoxy resin and polyethylene glycol. When formulating with an alginic acid gel, it is preferable to carry out dry gelation in which the gel is formed and then dried.

Examples of plants to be inoculated with the VA mycorrhizal fungal infection source in the present invention include legumes such as soybeans and kidney beans, rice, wheat, corn, cereals such as potatoes, cucumbers, tomatoes and peppers. , Vegetables such as eggplant, asparagus, onion, apples, grapes, figs,
Fruits or nuts such as kiwi, citrus fruits (citrus, etc.), strawberry, almond, peach, melon, walnut, cypress, palm, cedar, maple, fern, gardenia,
Ornamental crops such as periwinkle, roses, carnations,
Examples include ornamental plants such as chrysanthemums, bindweed, spinach, begonia, and the like.

The inoculum of the present invention is inoculated as follows. That is, as soil, most of general soils such as Akadama soil, Kanuma soil, and grass soil can be used.
The seeding time is most preferably at the time of planting, and the inoculation site is most preferably several cm lower for seeds and the vicinity of roots for seedlings.

[0020]

According to the present invention, a certain amount of VA mycorrhizal fungi can be easily inoculated, and plant roots can be stably infected with VA mycorrhizal fungi. This effect is completely different from the protective effect of encapsulation during fungal mycorrhizal inoculation, and is for efficient infection of VA mycorrhizal fungi.

[0021]

EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be described with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples.
This will be described in more detail.

Example 1 * Capsule-type inoculant A medicated gelatin hard capsule (trade name, manufactured by Japan Elanco Co., Ltd.) # 3 should contain about 750 VA mycorrhizal fungi (Glomas mosse) spores per gram. Particle size 0.1
Using a capsule filling machine (Osaka Automatic Co., Ltd.), 0.2 g per capsule was filled with a granular inoculant obtained by uniformly mixing ~ 0.3 mm of red tama soil.

* Granulation type inoculant: Vertical chopper type agitation granulator FS-GS-5J using 3 g of the above-mentioned granular inoculant as a binder in 500 g of water.
(Fukae Industry Co., Ltd.). The binder was injected for 40 seconds, the blade rotation speed was 200 rpm, and the chopper rotation speed was 2000 rpm for 30 minutes. As a result, a spherical inoculum having an average particle diameter of 3 mm was obtained.

* Calcium alginate gel inoculant The above granular inoculant was mixed with 0.5% sodium alginate aqueous solution in a ratio of 7: 3 and gelled in a 0.1 M calcium chloride solution to obtain spherical gel beads. Next, the gel beads were dried under conditions of temperature of 25 ° C. and humidity of 55% for 12 hours under static conditions to obtain a dry inoculum.

Comparative Example 1 750 VA mycorrhizal fungi (gromus mosse) per gram
A granular inoculant containing spores and having a particle size of 0.1 to 1.0 mm was filled in a nylon bag of (length 20 cm) × (width 15 cm) and sealed to obtain a comparative inoculum.

Example 2 * Distribution of VA mycorrhizal spores in granular inoculant The inoculant of Comparative Example 1 was vibrated at a rate of 30 times per minute for 15 minutes under the condition that the vibration in the longitudinal and lateral directions was similar. 4 g of granular inoculant was sampled from each of the uppermost part, the central part and the lowermost part, and VA mycorrhizal spores were collected from the soil according to a conventional method, and the number of spores was counted.

As a result, the number of VA mycorrhizal spores per gram was 120 at the top and 1,000 at the center.
g and bottom: 1200 / g, and uneven distribution of spores in the inoculum due to vibration was confirmed.

Example 3 * Infection test 50 ml of red pearly earth was placed in a 110 ml pot, and two capsule-type inoculants obtained in Example 1 were placed. 50m
After covering with 1 liter of red pearl soil, 20 seeds of alfalfa were sown and further covered with 10 ml of red pearl soil. Also,
The same amount of the granular inoculum as the inclusion of the capsule-type inoculum sampled from the upper part of the comparative inoculum shown in Example 2 was used, and the same inoculum was used as a control. Both are in the artificial weather room for 16 hours at 25 ° C in a day,
The cells were cultured under a dark condition of 20 ° C. for 8 hours under daily watering, and the infection rate to the plant roots at the 2nd and 4th weeks was measured by a conventional method.

The results are shown in Table 1 below.

Table 1 Second week Fourth week Inoculant of Example 1 30% 55% Inoculant of Comparative Example 1 5% 15% From the results in Table 1 above, the following was revealed.

Since the distribution of VA mycorrhizal fungi is uneven in the inoculant of Comparative Example 1, inoculating the upper part of the VA mycorrhizal fungi greatly reduces the infection rate of VA mycorrhizal fungi. Moreover, since the infection rate does not increase even if a certain number or more of VA mycorrhizal fungi are inoculated, even if the lower part of the inoculum of Comparative Example 1 in which the number of VA mycorrhizal fungi is higher is inoculated, it is the same as that of Example 1. Shows only moderate infection.

Therefore, according to the inoculum of the present invention, the infection rate of VA mycorrhizal fungi can be improved as a whole, and the plant roots can be stably infected with VA mycorrhizal fungi without variation in the infection rate. be able to.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 shows a conventional granular inoculum.

FIG. 2 shows an inoculum according to the invention produced by granulation.

FIG. 3 shows an inoculum of the invention in which a granular inoculum is encapsulated in alginate gel.

FIG. 4 shows an inoculum of the invention in which a granular inoculum is encapsulated in a gel capsule. In addition, in FIGS. 1-4, (circle) shows a VA mycorrhizal fungal infection source.

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Tadao Ohnaka, 17 Nakadouji Minami-cho, Shimogyo-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. An inoculum prepared by formulating a VA mycorrhizal infection source and a bulking agent. 2. The inoculant according to claim 1, wherein the extender is soil particles. 3. A VA mycorrhizal fungus is Glomus , Gigaspora or Sc
The inoculum according to claim 1 or 2, which is a bacterium belonging to the genus utellispora . 4. The VA mycorrhizal fungus is G. clarum , G. aggregatu
m , G. occultum , G.intraradix , G. etunicatum , G.
The inoculum according to claim 3, which is at least one selected from the group consisting of mosseae and G. albida .