JPH0656548B2 - Vent sensor - Google Patents

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a vent sensor, and more particularly to a vent sensor used when discriminating a vent playing style in an electronic stringed instrument.

(Prior Art) Generally, in an electronic stringed instrument, the fret position of the string pressed by the player is discriminated to specify the pitch of the musical tone to be sounded, and the timing of the raised string is detected and sounded at that timing. It was

The determination of the fret position in the sounding process is performed based on the peak interval of the waveform, which is obtained by converting the vibration of the string at the time of stringing into an electric signal having a waveform similar to the vibration by the electromagnetic pickup.

However, when converting to an electric signal in this way,
It took a long time from the raised strings to the generation of musical sounds, giving the player an unnatural impression. Therefore, the applicant of the present application is the Showa 6
Japanese Patent Application No. 240138 of Year 0 has proposed an electronic stringed instrument that determines the fret position by scanning ultrasonic waves.

That is, as shown in FIG. 8, in this electronic stringed instrument, a string 7 is stretched between the neck winding 3 of the guitar body 1 and the tail piece 5 of the body, and is pressed against the string 7. The piezoelectric body (piezoelectric element) 9 was supported by the bridge 11. An electromagnetic pickup 13 is fixedly mounted on the neck side of the piezoelectric element 9. The electromagnetic pickup 13 detects low-frequency vibration generated in the string 7 during stringing and sends a string signal ON to the tone generator 15. Sending out. In addition, the piezoelectric element 9 outputs about 450 pulses based on the electric pulse signal SCAN intermittently supplied from the fret position determination circuit 17.
An ultrasonic signal of KHz is generated and transmitted to the string 7, and the fret position determination circuit 17 detects the fret position by an electric signal DET which is a reflected wave (echo) of the ultrasonic signal from the fret.

A sound system 19 produces a predetermined musical sound in response to a signal from the tone generator 15.

(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) However, in such a conventional electronic stringed instrument, since the fret position is determined based on the time required for ultrasonic waves to be reflected by the frets, At the time of playing with the playing style, it was not possible to detect the bent playing style. In this bent playing method, the string slides along the longitudinal direction of the fret, and the tension of this string gradually increases, so the cycle of the string vibration is correspondingly shortened, and the pitch of the musical tone is gradually increased. is there. In other words, since the piezoelectric element and the fret position determination circuit cannot directly detect the tension acting on the strings, the lateral displacement of the strings, etc., the bent performance is detected with high responsiveness to obtain a sound in accordance with this. There was a problem that I could not do it.

(Means for Solving Problems) Therefore, a vent sensor according to the present invention is a vent sensor for detecting a bent playing method of a string in a stringed instrument, which is engaged with the string and is arranged in the string tension direction. By providing a vent sensor provided with a probe displaceably provided in a direction orthogonal to each other, and a physical quantity generating means for detecting a displacement amount of the probe in the orthogonal direction and generating a physical quantity corresponding to the displacement amount. The purpose is to solve the above problems.

(Operation and Effect) In the vent sensor according to the present invention, the string is pulled and displaced in the direction orthogonal to the string tension direction in the case of playing by the bent playing method or the like. At this time, the probe engaged with the string is displaced according to the displacement of the string. The physical quantity generation means detects the displacement of the probe and generates a physical quantity corresponding to the displacement. Therefore, the vent sensor can detect the vent performance accurately. As a result, it becomes possible to generate a musical sound corresponding to the performance style when performing the bent performance style. It is also possible to detect the rate of change when playing the bent performance. That is, various expressions can be made in the performance expression.

(Example) Hereinafter, the example of the vent sensor which concerns on this invention is described based on drawing.

1 to 4 are views showing an embodiment of a vent sensor according to the present invention.

FIG. 1 is a side view when the vent sensor is mounted on an electronic stringed instrument. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 21 designates the body of the electronic guitar, and the neck portion 2 of the instrument body 21.
3, a winding 25 is provided, and a tail piece 29 is provided on one end side of the body 27. 31 is this string winding 2
5 is a string stretched between the tail piece 29 and the tail piece 29. This string 31 is a body portion 27 on the neck side of the tail piece 29.
It is stretched with a predetermined tension via the piezoelectric element 33 arranged above. The piezoelectric element 33 is held by the bridge 34.

The portion of the string 31 on the neck side of the piezoelectric element 33 that is located on the body portion 27 is a so-called string string portion 35, and the string string portion 35 is stringed by the player.

36 is an electromagnetic pickup, which is erected in the vicinity of the neck side of the piezoelectric element 33. The electromagnetic pickup 36 detects the low-frequency vibration that occurs when the string 31 is stringing, and sends the string signal ON to the tone generator 51 as in the conventional case.

Further, on the body 27, the relay bridge 3 is provided on the neck side.
7, and a vent sensor 39 is provided upright on the neck side of the relay bridge 37. That is, as shown in FIG. 1, the tail piece 29, the piezoelectric element 33, and the electromagnetic pickup 36 are erected from the right side on the body 27 of the guitar, and the chord portion 35 of the string 31 is raised. A vent sensor 39 and a relay bridge 37 are erected from the left side on the neck side with the left side and the right side sandwiched.

The relay bridge 37 is made of, for example, ABS resin,
The ultrasonic signal from the piezoelectric element 33 is not reflected or absorbed, and low-frequency vibration due to the cross string and the string 3 associated with this cross string 3
The vent sensor 39 that absorbs the displacement of 1 in the vertical and horizontal directions
These are blocked from being transmitted.

The vent sensor 39 is, as shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, a case 40 that is erected on the upper surface of the body portion 27 so as to be adjustable in height.
And a heat dissipation plate 41 sandwiched and supported by the case 40
And a rotary shaft 42 attached to the lower part of the heat dissipation plate 41 so as to extend along the stringing direction, and an intermediate portion in the height direction is rotatably supported by the rotary shaft 42. The cantilever (probe) 43 and the contactor 44 screwed to the upper end of the cantilever 43 are provided. Further, the cantilever 43 is swingably supported in a slit 45 formed in the heat dissipation plate 41 and extending in a direction orthogonal to the stringing direction so as to be swingable in the orthogonal direction. Below the shaft 42, a photocoupler is attached to the heat dissipation plate 41. This photocoupler is composed of a pair of a light emitting element (infrared LED) 46 and a light receiving element (photodiode) 47.
The lower end of the cantilever 43 is interposed between 6 and 47, and when the cantilever 43 interrupts the optical path between the elements, the amount of light received changes, so the rotation angle of the cantilever 43 is detected. Reference numeral 48 is a height adjusting screw of the case 40. The contact 44 is made of plastic, the cantilever 43 is made of steel, and the heat dissipation plate 41 is made of aluminum.

That is, the vent sensor 39 engages with the string 31,
Probes (43 and 44) provided so as to be displaceable in a direction orthogonal to the stringing direction and a displacement amount of the probe 43 in the orthogonal direction are detected to generate a physical amount (light amount) corresponding to the displacement amount. Physical quantity generating means (46 and 47)
It consists of and.

Then, an electric signal corresponding to the amount of light received from the light receiving element 47 which is the physical quantity generating means is input to the temperature correction circuit 53, and the signal corrected by the temperature correction circuit 53 is supplied to the parameter generation circuit 54. . In addition, in order to perform temperature compensation by the temperature correction circuit 53 as described above, the photocouplers 46 and 47 provided corresponding to the strings 31 are provided.
Besides, a photocoupler (LED and phototransistor) for comparison is disposed on the heat dissipation plate 41. Also,
The parameter generation circuit 54 generates a parameter signal of the vent amount corresponding to the signal from the vent sensor 39 and outputs it to the tone generator 51.

Further, 50 is a fret position determination circuit, which intermittently emits an electric pulse signal SCAN to the piezoelectric element 3 and receives an electric signal DET from the piezoelectric element 33 based on an echo of an ultrasonic signal, as in the conventional case. Depending on the time required,
The fret position is detected.

The tone generator 51 is a sound system 52.
A predetermined musical sound is generated via.

Therefore, in the electronic guitar having the above-described configuration, the vent sensor 39 detects the amount of displacement of the string 31 when the stringed rear string 31 is largely pulled in the lateral direction by the bent playing method. That is, the displacement of the string 31 in the orthogonal direction causes the cantilever 43 to swing via the contactor 44.
The contact pressure of the contactor 44 to the string 31 is adjusted by appropriately changing the screwing amount of the contactor 44 into the cantilever 43.
The cantilever 43 blocks the optical path of the photocoupler in accordance with the amount of displacement of the lower end of the cantilever 43 due to the swing. Therefore, as a result of the amount of light received by the light receiving element 47 changing in accordance with the amount of displacement, a voltage signal proportional to the amount of received light is transmitted via the circuits 53 and 54 to the tone generator 51.
The pitch of the musical sound generated by the sound system 52 is gradually increased.

The optical path blocker of the cantilever 43 may be configured to open and close the window by swinging the lever (shutter) when the optical path is set between both elements of the photocoupler through a fan-shaped window. . If the center of curvature of the sector and the center of swing of the cantilever 43 are made to coincide with each other, the angle of swing and the amount of received light can be made proportional. As a result of using the optical sensor in this way, the amount of displacement can be detected with high accuracy without causing crosstalk between adjacent strings.

On the other hand, the fret position determination circuit 50 intermittently sends the electric signal SCAN to the piezoelectric element 33. The piezoelectric element 33 sends this electric signal to, for example, about 450 to 400 KH.
It is converted into an ultrasonic signal of z and transmitted to the string 31. The ultrasonic wave transmitted through the string 31 is reflected by the fret pressed by the player, and the reflected wave (echo) returns through the string 31 and is transmitted to the piezoelectric element 33. As a result, the piezoelectric element 33 sends an electric signal DET having a waveform similar to this echo to the fret position determination circuit 50. Therefore, the fret position determination circuit 50 determines whether the electric signal DET
The position of the fret in contact with the string 31 is discriminated from the time required until the reception of the tone, and the tone generator 51 outputs a musical tone having a pitch corresponding to the fret.

Note that the other sounds generated through the sound system 52 are the same as in the conventional case.

Further, according to the present embodiment, it is possible to detect a finger vibrato performance in addition to the pitch bent playing method.

5 to 7 show another embodiment of the vent sensor according to the present invention.

As shown in these figures, the string 60 is forked (contactor).
When the string 60 is sandwiched between the grooves 62 of 61 and is displaced in the direction orthogonal to the stringing direction, the amount of displacement is determined by the leaf 6
4 strain gauges 71, 73, 7 attached to the surface of 3
5, 77 detects the change in resistance by the bridge. The leaf 63 is formed of a thin plate, and is cantileveredly attached to the case 69 by a through bolt 65 via a spacer 67.

Therefore, when the string 60 is displaced in the lateral direction, the leaf 63 is also bent and deformed, and the amount of deformation is measured by the strain gauges 71, 73, 75, 7
The change in resistance 7 is detected by the bridge circuit. As a result, it becomes possible to perform temperature compensation and highly accurate detection.

Other configurations and operations are almost the same as those of the above embodiment.

A magnetic sensor may be used as the physical quantity generating means, but there is a drawback that crosstalk increases. Also, a thermal sensor or the like can be used.

[Brief description of drawings]

1 is a side view showing an embodiment of a vent sensor according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional view of a vent sensor according to an embodiment, and FIG. 3 is a plan view showing the same vent sensor. FIG. 4 is a front view of a vent sensor of one embodiment, FIG. 5 is a vertical sectional view of a vent sensor according to another embodiment, and FIG. 6 is a front view showing the arrangement of vent sensors according to another embodiment. FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram showing a bridge circuit of a strain gauge according to another embodiment, and FIG. 8 is a side view showing an electronic string instrument according to the prior application. 31 ... String, 39 ... Vent sensor, 43, 44 ... Probe, 46, 47 ... Photocoupler (physical quantity generating means).

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A bent sensor for detecting a bent performance of a string in a stringed instrument, the probe being engaged with the string and displaceable in a direction orthogonal to the string tension direction, and the orthogonality of the probe. A vent sensor, comprising: a physical quantity generating unit that detects a displacement in a direction and generates a physical quantity corresponding to the displacement.