JPH06504334A - Method for preventing erosion or the harmful effects of erosion and equipment for carrying out this method - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] Methods for preventing contact or the harmful effects of contact and equipment for implementing this method. Place The present invention applies to areas between land and water, e.g. concerns methods for preventing the harmful effects of contact.

As is well known, in many places the area is limited or even wider due to contact. Degradation of the landmass of the territory has taken place, areas exposed to contamination and by natural means. contact in areas where it is impossible to prevent soil immersion or its harmful effects. There is a need to be able to prevent the harmful effects of contact or contact. Therefore, a certain territory Its spread or harmful effects at the surface of the earth are limited by deflation. as in the You can do something like that. In other places, contact such as in the so-called abrasion or e.g. to prevent damage or devastation caused to unprotected beaches or other shore areas; is even more difficult or almost impossible. Contains at least a surface layer of sand In areas such as beaches, deflation probably often has deleterious effects.

It is possible to prevent and stop the spread of contact and to recreate the area where contact has occurred. There is a need to be able to expand the land area if possible. Here, for example filling Cuts are made at the ground surface and elsewhere so that materials must be selected. ), it is a matter of survival if such a step can be taken without the need to create one. rebuild the land If applicable, land expansion will result from reconstruction. or at least some of the measures are carried out in a certain area such as a semi-region or a coastal area. Then there will be a confusion.

Possibly also the need to prevent mixing of rivers, in this regard primarily slopes and descents. These include the need to prevent slope washing and soil-laden water washing.

Attempts to prevent or at least reduce the harmful effects of contact on shore and coastal areas. In many cases, underwater stone breakwaters or similar structures were constructed.

Snake cages or steel wire-stuffed cages recently filled with stones and cloth filled with sand found on the ocean floor Attempts were made to use bags. Normally, these methods require a load to be applied to the bottom, and Conflict occurs. In other words, it is scrubbed to the bottom where the shore protection is placed. Holes develop, which causes the protected material to sink (.Other ways to protect the shore are It consists of pine tresses filled with concrete, and they cannot be placed on the slope of the bank. By placing stones of different sizes and sizes along the shore and often at the shoreline, these methods It creates a barrier against waves and provides resistance to waves. When using the latter method The waves pressurize air through the gaps in the protective stones, which then pressurizes the surface of the earth. For example, when the sand passes through it, it causes contact, which reduces the preservation of the stone. After protection, contact gradually occurs. You can also combine concrete tiles into larger units and this It was proposed to place them underwater.

However, known methods have either not been able to prevent contamination or have to date indeed failed to prevent contamination. It has not been shown that it was possible to prevent this from occurring.

The method of the invention is aimed at areas where land meets water, such as shore or coastal areas. The objective is to implement methods to prevent contact or the harmful effects of contact. Main departure In preferred embodiments of the method described above, the purpose is not only to prevent or stop contamination. expand the land or coast further. That's true. Therefore, using the method of the present invention When implementing the Wear. Furthermore, the method of the present invention can be used without causing any visible effects on nature. It can be implemented. The equipment used to expand land has no negative impact on the environment. Bury it in the newly created ground, without giving any damage, which makes it completely invisible and reachable. It can be made impossible. The method of the present invention is based on distances from the shoreline and underwater. The guidance device is placed in relation to or relatively closely associated with the land, such as This extends from this bottom or lower surface and in the direction of the water surface and, in actual use, such that the retaining member is placed in or on the ground in water and/or land; It is characterized by:

In an example of the method of the invention, the guide device is placed in a position where these weights or loads are This surface is placed unloaded or primarily unloaded.

In another example of the method of the invention, one end of the guide device is located at a distance from the shoreline. , whereby the retaining member is arranged between the guide device and the shoreline or the area to the shoreline. make it possible to do so. The action of the holding member is to collect particles or sand in the water, retain and drain or advance ground drainage when in actual use.

In yet another example of the method of the invention, two guide devices are placed in the area of the shore affected by the contact. spaced apart from each other along the area, so that the guiding devices cooperate with each other. in practical use where the affected shore area is of some length. 1 unit or more of the guiding device shall be separated from the unit of the first mentioned guiding device. This allows the relative angle of the guides, i.e. each unit of the land guide The direction relative to the target can change or be different depending on local conditions. can.

In still other embodiments of the method of the invention, the guide device and, in actual use, further retain the Some parameters, measurement results are determined before the part is placed or held constant. Measurement of the register and evaluation of the results, which determines the direction or range of the guiding device. so that the range remains constant with respect to the measurements performed.

Other features and advantages of the method and arrangement of the invention can be obtained from the following description of the invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is clear by way of example, and reference is now made in part to the accompanying drawings. Figure 1 is FIG. 2 is a plan view schematically showing an example of an arrangement for carrying out the method of the present invention, and FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of an example of the device in the form of a 4 is a plan view of another example of the method and arrangement of the present invention, and FIG. 5 is a plan view of another example of the method and arrangement of the present invention. 6 is a plan view of the device of the present invention or a part of the device, and FIG. 6 shows a part of the device. FIG. 7 is a sectional view of one holding member joined to the other holding member, and this holding part FIG. , FIG. 8 shows each holding member in FIG. 7 and how this holding member is assembled into a unit. FIG. 9 is a plan view showing the device of the present invention and its use in the test. FIG.

In the arrangement in front of shore protection, there are often some types of obstacles in the water, for example stones. Breakwaters are placed so that this orientation is consistent with the visual impression or assumed conditions. More determined. In a more detailed study, 50 m from the underwater shoreline and land Civil and geological measurements were carried out at 50m from the upper bank line, but the strip in contact with the water In the dark lands, i.e. in the true areas most affected by the invasion, Not measured. Furthermore, we will discuss phenomena that occur below the surface of water and near the bottom of the water. No research had been conducted on it.

In the method of the invention, the guide is used in the water 2 in the form of a guide device 4 and in practice. In this case, a holding element is used, which can also be used for the land area 1 and the coastline 3.

For example, see Figure 1.

The method of the invention requires specific parameters, water flow and in this respect not only surface flow. Undercurrents can also be initiated by measuring the movement of sand on or near the bottom. difference In addition, measurements of wave motion and latitude with different centrifugal forces, tides, atmospheric pressure and Weight, slope of the bottom, depth of water, etc. may be considered. The most important calculation group is sand and These are the geological formations that follow the direction of the water and the force as well as the shore.

Said measurements are carried out at low and high pressures. After that, records of measurement tests and these Evaluate the endurance, strength or resistance of any and all equipment used , the dimensions and direction of prevention or stoppage of erosion, if any, of the guide device 4 and Provides a basis for placing the holding member 5. If the symmetrical position is in the direction of the shore at this point and may be in the direction from land and into water. If shore expansion is desired. Moreover, this can be achieved by calculations based on the measurement results. In this way , the direction and dimensions of the guide 4 are such preparations for the problem and its location. and accurately determined by testing. Geological measurements are carried out on land subsoil and surface water. This provides the basis for the prevention of erosion from land and the necessary protection. It may apply. Measurement of water 2 to control sand movement and on shore or shore line 3 provides the basis for reducing the effects of hydraulic motion. In other words, surface current, undercurrent and The measurement and evaluation of sand movement and, where appropriate, wave motion is a mere research exercise ( In addition to water from above the surface of the water (bank 3 or bank) necessary to cause any geometric action away from the line of . in this way , this is in the form of any drainage equipment and stabilization of the ground towards land 1, protective guiding elements The direction of the guide device 4 and its dimensions as well as the form of the holding member 5 Identify the beach rock (beach 1ock) and its dimensions and possible orientations. make it stand

Other further parameters such as air mass movement, density, i.e. water salinity, etc. Via the parameter, the direction and classification of the force can be realized, thereby Excellent performance is achieved and the beach or sand and sand collections are kept for beach additions.

Although the Earth's rotation has certain effects, collisions are particularly important when using the method and apparatus of the present invention. Ori's power has implications that require consideration of that fact. In this way, for example north Sand in waves in a hemisphere is carried to the right or counterclockwise. In the Southern Hemisphere, the opposite is true. It is a pair. Sand removal or sand movement underwater or along the bed is completely is identical and takes place without any influence of water currents and waves, even in calm weather. also occurs. Sand transport is also caused by pressures at low and high pressures and during and during wave motion. It is done by difference. Certain sand transports are also carried out at low pressures for strength. moreover , migration and underflow are determined by the difference between the low and high pressures and the low and high pressures, respectively, or Varies depending on the opposite. Does the wind affect wave height? It only affects the surface flow to a small extent. The specific action or erosion is due to the force of impact. obtained for. But it's the particles, the underwater vehicle that causes real erosion. be. The high temperature content enhances the kneading action.

Reference number 1 in 4, 5 and 9 in Figure 1 indicates land, and reference number 1 in Figures 2 and 6 2 indicates water and these indicate the shore or line between land 1 and water 2 with reference number 3 . stop erosion or harmful erosive effects in certain areas, such as beaches, or In order to prevent this and, if appropriate, to widen the land area or shore 3, the guiding device 4 is placed in the water. A form of guidance related to or relatively closely related to the land area in 2. In addition, apart from the bank line 3 or as a long strip of the bank, the main and in the area of a 2×2 slightly longer guide device 4 or a set of two guide devices 4. Place them away from each other's units. In addition, if appropriate, the holding member 5 can be placed on the bed. or on or in the bottom 12, and in the water 2 and/or on the land, on or off the shore. between the end 6 of the guide device 4 facing towards the line 3 of the shore and the shore or shore line 3, Between the guiding devices 4 and, if appropriate, on the land 1, for example in embankments, shallow water 2, and possibly between or in conjunction with erosion control, etc.

The retaining member 5 may be in the form of each member 20, which are connected to each other or the like. Arranged so as to be connectable to another, a unit of holding member 5 is formed. figure 1, 7 and 8 and see arrow 21 in FIG. As is clear from the above figure, holding The member 5 is rectangular and consists of a central rectangular body surrounded by several pieces or, for example, loXIO pieces. It can be made as a plastic construct. Furthermore, each member 20 has water drained in all directions within the wall 23. A train channel 22 is provided. When the members 20 are connected to each other, The channels are automatically aligned so that they flow without overlapping. this unit are easily loaded and connected without tools and fastened by anchoring devices 7 or cables. You can Additionally, the material is chemically inert when in contact with food, vegetables, etc. and can be made of a material that is harmless and allows trees and plants to continue their normal growth cycle. can. The member 20 is flexible and can be installed according to the contour of the ground. Therefore, it is not essential to have a horizontal base. Moreover, in this way, the member 5 is, for example In constructing steeper slopes to avoid land use relief and flattening requirements is also relevant. The members 20 can be joined either in parallel or diagonally. Wear.

Further referring to FIG. 2, the guide device 4 shown in FIG. It is provided in the form of a guard or other guide member. This guide device 4 is arranged on the bottom 12 designed to avoid placing the load of the guiding device on the bottom 12 or the surface 14 of the bottom. or from the bottom 12 or from the surface 1 of the bottom 12 so as not to substantially overhang the bed. 4 in the direction of the surface 15 of the water.

The guide device 4 or the guide member 16 is, for example, a nylon pine tress made of fine concrete. This concrete is then moldable until it hardens. Can be formed with nylon pine tresses such as Guide device 4 like this When molded, a dense, durable and pressure-resistant guide device is obtained. child The guide device 4 can be adapted to dimensions according to the local environment. Furthermore , the guide device 4 is designed to be moored into the ground or bottom 12. Figure 3 As is clear from the figure, the guide device 4 or this pinerest has an edge portion 17 formed therein. has been or is being formed, and the edge 17 is continuous with the bed or bottom 12. It is folded to make it stand out. This edge portion 17 is connected to the guide device 4 or the guide member 16. or for mooring a plurality of guide members or a plurality of walls constituting a wall or guide device. can be used. Here, the portion that penetrates the surface 14 or surface layer of the bottom 12 At least an anchoring device 7 exhibiting a relatively small cross-section is used, preferably A locking device 19 is provided, by which the load of the guide device 4 or the surface 1 of the bottom 12 is 4 or far below the surface layer. Therefore, the anchor device 7 also By mooring the inner device 4 and the guide member 16, the load of this guide device and the guide member is transferred to the bottom. The locking device is located at a distance below the surface, thereby allowing the locking device to A locking device is provided below the surface of the bottom to allow the bottom to be locked at a distance. Sea urchins are arranged.

In the illustrated embodiment, the guide device 4 is arranged primarily in a V- or U-shape on the upper side and downwardly. 1, which shows a section through which one or both of the legs or walls 1 6 or similar.

This device includes a support part 8 for supporting the guide device 4, which allows the guide device to The device rests against the top of this support, which is located between the legs of the guide. At the corners or in the area connecting these legs to each other, a guiding device is placed transversely on the support 8. Due to the fact that it is hanging. Preferably, this support is connected to such an anchor. - The anchor device 7 is moored by the guide device 4, the support part 8, etc. transfers the load remotely below the surface 14 or surface layer of the sole 12.

In addition to the anchor device 7, the support portion 8 includes a carrier 9 in the form of a tube, for example, and supports the anchor device 7. Equipped with Pacer 10. The spacer IO is, in an embodiment, a carrier 9 and the anchoring device or to the surface 14 of the bottom 12. anchor - Shape the support 8 such that the device 7 forms an extension of the support 8 or spacer lO; It is possible to accomplish something.

The guide device 4 is completely hidden in the water 2, i.e. it is not visible from the outside and cannot be seen. There's no need. These extend only 50 cm from the surface 14 of the bed. This is because it would be. In one embodiment, the guiding device 4 or reaching just below the surface 15 of the water. This stops all movement in the water 2 and instead causes it to move toward the shore. Reduce or eliminate the impact forces of waves and increase the forces that expose the coast to pressure, especially sand. Ma The guide device 4 or guide member 16 guides the undercurrent 11 and breaks the waves 18, see FIG. subordinate Therefore, the movement of sand and the movement of this sand can be guided by the guide device 4 or the guide member 16. This sand can be directed towards shore 3 to obtain an increase in land or shore of 25. , that is, this sand is captured and directed towards the shore, and the increase is performed. Rock on the coast (l) ocks) or retaining member 5, the increase is even more rapid. These are the earth By capturing, holding and stabilizing the surface, the sand has time to settle. , if applicable, the surface water and subsoil water are removed and led to water 2. . The holding member 5 or each member 20 is designed so that it does not stop the water and allows the water to pass through. so that the holding member 5 or each member 20 is connected to the guiding device 4 or the like. The reason why the arrow 24 in FIG. reference.

The relationship between sand movement and underwater undercurrents and underwater surface currents is determined by the Relates to pressure and movement in water at low pressures. Referring to Figure 9, the operation at high and low pressures The positions are indicated by arrows 26 and 27, respectively. The flow in water 2 is affected by high pressure When the sand is in the ground, sand is added and the sand is pushed towards land 1.

The sand is pulled away from shore 3 by the flow at low pressure. When the flow changes, e.g. , the sand refills 25 or decreases or drops. Therefore, according to the method according to the invention: The guide device 4 picks up the sand flow 1.1 and the undercurrent and directs this flow towards the land 1. It can be directed towards and increase the shore. Under counter pressure (low pressure), this sand is trapped. The sand is not swept away into the water.

Therefore, this mixed contact system is based on the following factors.

a) No load is applied to the bottom/bed.

b) There is a protective guide below the water surface to direct sand and undercurrents.

C) This protection guide allows waves to break in the center of the wave bank or at normal water level and When normal waves exist, they are approximately 0.5 to 1 meter high and exist in the direction from the coast. do.

d) From a shore lock or protective guide, in a direction towards the shore, perpendicular to the shore between the guides. It is set in. e) applied to the shoreline by this shore lock or depression; ,It is filled.

In the test, one piece of equipment was placed as shown in Figure 9, and the results were surprising. However, continuous erosion stopped immediately and the coastline increased rapidly. Here, the idea The internal device 4 is installed in the illustrated state shown in this installation according to the derived local conditions. They were placed at the angles and distances shown.

Along the coastline, at least two guiding devices 4 are arranged at a distance from each other and Two adjacent guide devices are thus arranged for joint action with respect to each other, one of which The guiding device is preferably at an angle of less than 90° to the land or coastline. and the other guidance device is preferably at an angle of more than 90° with respect to the land or overseas line. , that is, when viewed from the land in the direction widening towards the first-mentioned guide device side. It forms an angle of less than 90°.

Along one side of the erosion-affected coastal area, two guiding devices 4 - cooperating together. and, where applicable, the affected coastal areas. area or some length, and the guide device 4 of the unit in one or more is the first mentioned. The guide unit is located at a distance from the guided guide unit, which allows the relative The angle, i.e. the direction relative to the land, is determined by local conditions at each unit of the guidance device. It can vary and also vary depending on the vine.

Modifications may be made to the method and apparatus according to the invention without going beyond the scope of the inventive concept. It is possible. Therefore, the guide device may be of other configurations and shapes. , the direction and number of guide devices can be changed, and the position and number of holding members can be changed. Things can change. The materials and shapes of the guide device and the holding member may also be different. good. The anchoring device may also be of another type or shape, or the ground, bed, etc. The device and and/or transfer loads from protective guides to a location below the surface of the ground or bed. It must meet the requirements of a small cross section. In addition, this method and equipment, other than by way of example, located between water and land, such as in lakes, tidal streams, and rivers. Can be applied for its intended purpose in other areas. Furthermore, the method and the device include: First, it can be applied in cases where erosion or the residual effects of erosion should be prevented or indicated; This will probably result in the use of the guide device first, while the retainer first if applicable. The material can be used for mooring shorelines or embankments. Therefore, the method according to the invention The devices and devices are not limited to what has been shown and described in the examples, but are covered by the following claims. It is limited only to

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Claims (10)

[Claims] 1. In the area between land (1) and water (2), such as the shore area, also e.g. and the presence of erosion or erosion that occurs where land or shore widening is suitable to occur. To prevent harmful effects, a certain distance from the shore line (3) or strip of land on the shore. A guide device associated with or relatively closely associated with land and in water (2), such as applying the placement (4) from the bottom (12) or its surface in the direction of the water surface (15) and When obtaining a holding member (5), the holding member (5) is placed on the bottom of the water (2) and/or on the land (1). A method for preventing erosion or the harmful effects of erosion, characterized in that: 2. The guide device (4) is placed on the bottom (12) or its surface (14) with no or little load. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the method is arranged without going anywhere. 3. One or more guiding devices (4) arranged at an angle to the land (1) or shore line. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: 4. At least two guiding devices (4) at a constant distance from each other along the shore area are placed at a certain distance from each other, thereby allowing two adjacent guide devices to cooperate with each other. with one side preferably at 90° or less relative to the land or shore line. with the other preferably at an angle of 90° or more to the land or shore line. located, i.e. at an angle of less than 90°, from land to the first listed guide device. Claim 1 or 3 characterized in that they are arranged at an angle seen in a branched direction. the method of. 5. The retaining member (5) preferably has an area relative to the land (1) or shoreline (3). In conjunction with or in close connection with and/or at the end of the land (1) of the guide device (4) in the direction of land up to the end and between adjacent cooperating guide devices. 5. The method according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the method is characterized by: 6. The two guide devices (4) are connected to each other along one of the areas of the shore affected by erosion. They are placed at a certain distance from each other in order to cooperate, so that the affected area of the shore is If applicable, one or more units of the guide device (4) can be connected to the guide device in length. located at a fixed distance from the first unit of the guide device, so that each unit of the guide device The relative angle of the guide device at the point, i.e. the direction towards the land, can be changed depending on the location conditions. 2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that: 7. At least the bottom flow, surface flow and The sand flow preferably also the movement of the waves towards land (1) or the shore line (3) or wave direction, preferably in low-pressure as well as high-pressure conditions, and can be applied the area of the shore, i.e. the area of the shore line (3) and the land (1) or towards the shore and and/or water (2), and record and evaluate the results of the measurements. Calculate the direction of the guide device towards land or both or the range from land, and then the resistance or strength and size, if applicable. According to any one of claims 1 to 6, the method is characterized in that: How to put it on. 8. A holding member (5) is arranged to collect particles or sand in the water (2). Claims 1 and 5 are characterized in that they hold sand and/or discharge water. or the method described in 7. 9. In areas between land (1) and water 121 such as areas of shore and is a guiding device which prevents erosion or erosive action when applicable for the extension of banks. Any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising a holding member (4) and/or a holding member (5). In the device for preventing erosion or erosive effects according to paragraph 1, the guide device (4) is provided with a wall (16), embankment or other guiding member, which is the boundary to the land (1). is placed underwater or nearly underwater, and the water is drawn from the surface (14) of the bottom (12). extending in the direction of the surface (15) and fixed to the bottom (12) at a certain distance below the surface (14); The load of the guiding device is entirely applied to the bottom (12), the bottom surface (14) or the surface layer. The load is applied to the bottom (12) at a certain distance below its surface (14). This causes the guide device (4) or the wall (16) included in the guide device to absorb An anchoring device for securing at least the surface (14) of the bottom (12) or It exhibits a proportionately smaller cross-section in the part that penetrates the surface layer and extends to the surface of the bottom (12). or a latch device to which the load of the guide device is applied at a certain distance on the surface layer. in and/or in water (2) and/or on land (1) where applicable. In the case of many guiding devices (4), one wall (16) or several walls (16) preferably two adjacent in the direction of land (1) or shoreline (3) with respect to one end Preservation of the form of the individual parts (20) to be arranged between the cooperating guide devices Preventing erosion or the harmful effects of erosion, characterized by the presence of a retaining member (5) equipment used for 10. The guide device (4) mainly shows a V or U cross section that changes direction downward at the upper side. , whereby one or both legs are attached to such wall (16) or the like. formed and placed against the support member (8), where the angle between the legs is Or, it has an area for connecting the legs to each other, and this allows the support part to be attached to the above-mentioned anchor. - Fixed by the device (7), and the load from the guide device (4), support part (8), etc. is removed from the bottom ( 12) at a certain distance below the surface (14) or surface layer. 10. The apparatus according to claim 9.