JPH0640265B2 - Electronic musical instrument - Google Patents

Description

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an electronic musical instrument in which the harmonic coefficient can be easily controlled by a method of level-controlling the harmonic coefficients and synthesizing them to obtain a desired musical tone waveform. .

[Conventional technology and problems]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, electronic musical instruments are widely used in which Fourier synthesis calculation is performed based on harmonic coefficients to obtain a desired musical tone waveform.

In this case, there are two methods for scaling the harmonic coefficient, that is, for controlling the level of the harmonic coefficient.

The first is a method of temporally moving the formant filter characteristic forming the formant, and the second is to have the envelope generators for the number of harmonic orders, and to generate the corresponding harmonics in the generated envelope. A method of scaling the wave coefficient is adopted. The first method controls the components of the desired musical sound as an overall combination, so
The overall characteristics of the desired musical tone can be expressed. However, the details are not enough. In other words, it is suitable for musical tones that match the characteristics of the format characteristics, but is insufficient for musical tones that do not match the characteristics of the format characteristics. For example, it is not suitable for a musical sound that emphasizes only a certain harmonic component. On the other hand, since the second method controls each of the harmonic components, the waveform synthesized by the method becomes close to a desired musical tone. However, this method requires an envelope generator for controlling each of the harmonic components, which increases the configuration, control and processing time and is very uneconomical.

FIG. 4 shows an example of a proposal of Japanese Patent Application No. 60-73700 “Electronic Musical Instrument” by the applicant of the present invention, in which Fourier synthesis calculation is performed based on the harmonic coefficients, and the harmonic coefficients are scaled. As a method of doing so, the above-mentioned first format filter characteristic is used.

The tone generation system 100 in the figure shows an embodiment for generating a desired tone by a general Fourier synthesis method.

The key tablet assigner 102 scans the key tablet switch group 101, and the key tablet switch group 10 is scanned.
Key ON / OFF of the switch included in 1 and the touch response of the key switch are detected, and the key / tablet assigner 10
It has the information of each switch in 2. Then, the information is sent to the control circuit 103 that controls the system 100.

The control circuit 103 is a key tablet assigner 10.
In response to the information sent from 2, the Fourier synthesis equation (1) shown below q: harmonic order n; sample point number W; number of harmonics C _q ; q-order harmonic coefficient F _q ; q-order scaling coefficient Z _n ; set synthesized waveform to main memory 110 based on sampling value .
To explain the procedure, the harmonic coefficient C _q of a desired timbre can be calculated by the signal from the control circuit 103.
Read from 8. On the other hand, the level of the harmonic coefficient corresponding to the harmonic order q is input by inputting ADSR, which is the envelope information indicating the change over time, touch information indicating the information of the initial and aftertouch responses, and timbre information indicating the selected timbre selection. A scaling value generator 105 outputs a scaling value F _q shown as a control value. The harmonic coefficients C _q and scaling value F _q multiplied in multiplier 107 to obtain the harmonic coefficients scaled by the scaling value F _q C _{q '.} The qth sine wave value read from the sine wave function table 104 by the harmonic coefficient C _q ′ obtained from the multiplier 107 and the signal from the control circuit 103. And are multiplied in the multiplier 106.

The multiplication value from the multiplier 106 is accumulated in the accumulator 109 to calculate the equation.
The synthetic waveform shown in (1) is created in the main memory 110.

Next, the synthesized waveforms stored in the main memory 110 are the tone memories 112-1 to 112-m (m means that there are a plurality of tones) corresponding to the keys, but it is clear that they can be time-divided into one configuration. At least one of the transfer selection circuits 111
The tone frequency information from the tone frequency information generator 113, which similarly transmits tone frequency information corresponding to the key, is read from the corresponding tone memory without affecting the waveform synthesis. Tone memory 112-1 to 112
The data read from -m corresponding to the scale is the envelope generator that outputs the envelope waveform corresponding to the key depression.
Envelope output waveform from 115 and multipliers 114-1 to 114
Multiplied by -m, it becomes the musical tone waveform data with the envelope added. The musical tone waveform data from the multipliers 114-1 to 114-m are converted into analog musical tone waveforms by the D / A converters 116-1 to 116-m and supplied to the sound system 117 to be supplied by the sound system 117. Is obtained.

The main part of the proposed example related to the present invention is a scaling value generator 105. Harmonic order q and cut-off order q _c required for waveform configuration from input of ADSR, touch information, timbre information, etc.
And the Fuirutarebere H _a set input, thereby obtaining a desired full Ol cloak filter characteristics.

Since such a formant filter characteristic has a drawback that it does not necessarily match the characteristics of the musical sound as described above, the present inventor shares the function of scaling harmonic components one by one with the proposed example, We considered to simplify the configuration by using the second method.

That is, when attention is paid to the temporal change of each harmonic (overtone) forming a musical sound, that is, to the corresponding envelope, several harmonics having the same temporal change are recognized. Therefore, by grouping (grouping) those that have similar changes over time, an envelope with a number smaller than the number of harmonics is generated, and that envelope is selected for each harmonic, and the selection is made. It was proposed by another application to use the envelope obtained as the scaling value of the harmonic component.

Further, as the envelope belonging to the second method, an envelope having a plurality of phase states has been conventionally proposed, and various transition waveforms between phases have been disclosed. In these methods, a route is calculated by giving speed data that determines the transition time of phases and a target value that should be reached. However, in the past, the calculation circuit was fixedly determined, and there was a lack of flexibility.

An object of the present invention is to provide an electronic musical instrument in which the transition waveform of each phase of an envelope waveform having a plurality of phase states has a degree of freedom.

Still another object of the present invention is to satisfy the following. That is, there are two types of envelopes, a decaying sound and a continuous sound, which are selected and used according to a desired musical sound.

In the electronic musical instrument, the sustainer is too simple and tasteless because the envelope value is the same when the key is kept pressed (sustain state). Therefore, if the envelope value changes even during the sustain state, it becomes very tasty. In order to realize this, in the present invention, it was considered to add phase and repetition of phase. That is,
If necessary, iterative control is performed for each envelope for scaling the harmonic coefficient.

[Means for solving problems]

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the electronic musical instrument of the present invention is a system for obtaining a desired musical tone waveform by synthesizing by controlling the harmonic components for each harmonic order, and the harmonic envelope waveform is composed of a plurality of phase states. An electronic musical instrument in which each phase of the waveform is obtained from velocity data that determines the transition time of each phase and a target value that is a reaching point, is characterized by having a control means that can select a transition curve between phases for each phase. Further, means for generating a phase repeat signal, and when the phase repeat signal receives the phase repeat signal and the envelope amplitude value reaches the target value of the phase, returns the phase and repeats the previous phase and the next phase. It is characterized by comprising means for operating and generating an envelope waveform.

[Work]

With the above configuration, it is possible to shift the speed data between each phase and control the transition curve up to the target value that is the reaching point so as to have various shapes of a straight line or a logarithmic curve. Since the degree of freedom is significantly higher than that of the characteristic, it is possible to realize a delicate musical sound.

〔Example〕

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of the configuration of the embodiment of the present invention. In this figure, the difference from FIG. 4 is that a harmonic envelope generator 200 for inputting touch information and timbre information is provided instead of the scaling value generator 105. That is, the input of the touch information indicating the initial and aftertouch responses and the tone color information indicating the selected tone color, the harmonic envelope coefficient HE _q for scaling the harmonic coefficient is output. Then, the multiplier 107 multiplies the harmonic coefficient C _q and the harmonic envelope coefficient HE _q to obtain the harmonic coefficient C _q ′ scaled by the harmonic envelope coefficient HE _q . This is as described in the configuration of FIG. 4 below.

The harmonic envelope generator 200 in the figure is the main part of the present invention, and the details will be described later with reference to FIG. Since this configuration is closely related to the envelope waveform, the envelope waveform of FIG. 3 will be described first.

That is, the envelope waveform is divided into phases P0 to P6 and the like, and target values PEP0 to PEP5 and the like to be reached are set.

3 (a) to 3 (d) are explanatory diagrams of waveform examples of four cases of the harmonic envelope waveform obtained in the circuit example of FIG. Here, KEY ON / OFF is a signal that is ON from key depression to key release, and USE ON / OFF is a signal that is ON from key depression until release is completed after key release. In case 1 of the same figure (a), when the KEY ON / OFF is turned ON, the phase becomes 0 (written as P0), and the speed data (SPD) of phase 0 is headed toward PEP0. When the envelope value becomes PEP0 or more, the phase is incremented (increased) by one to become phase 1, and the phase becomes the speed of phase 1 once toward PEP1.

After that, the same operation is repeated until the phase 4 is reached. Even if the envelope value becomes PEP4 with phase 4, KEY ON
If / OFF is ON, SPD is not added to the envelope value, and phase is not incremented, and that state continues. Then, when KEY ON / OFF is turned OFF, it becomes phase 5, and the process goes to phase 6 in the same way. Phases 6
When the envelope value becomes PEP6, it is held at that value and the phase does not change. In case 1, when the KEY was ON, it stopped at phase 4, but in case 2 of the same figure (b), when the KEY is turned off, it goes from phase 0 to phase 6 and then phase. The value is held by the envelope value of PEP6 of 6. Case 3 in FIG. 7C shows a waveform when the repeat function is performed in the case 1. When the PEP4 of phase 4 reaches the envelope value, the phase is decremented by 1 to phase 3. When this happens, the envelope value will go towards PEP3,
Head for SPD of Phase 3 Then, when the envelope value becomes PEP3, the phase is incremented by one and becomes phase 4. KEY ON / OFF is O
Continue to FF until phase 5 is reached. Case 4 in FIG. 6D shows a waveform to which the repeat function is added in case 2. In this case, unlike the case 3, the phases are repeated between the phases 5 and 6.

FIG. 2 is a detailed explanatory view of the essential part of the embodiment, showing an example circuit of the harmonic envelope generator 200, which is a circuit for realizing the envelope phase waveforms of FIGS. 3 (a) to 3 (d). is there.

In the same figure, by adding the information of this time to the ADSR (t−1) and the phase (t−1) of the envelope and phase generated at t−1 before the current point of time t, the current ADSR (t ) And phase (t). Adder 504 is ADS
Adder 504 to ADSR (t−1) with R (t−1) as the input on the A side
ADSR (t) is obtained by inputting and adding the input on the B side of. Here, the input on the B side of the adder 504 is EXP / LIN (E / L) that sets the state from phase to phase either exponentially or linearly for each phase, and ADSR that determines the shift amount. Input the upper bits of (t-1) to the speed data control 501. Speed data control 501
The shift data output from the speed data shift circuit 502
, And the speed data SPD determined by each phase is shifted to obtain the shifted speed data SPD '.

Here, if the destination PEP is larger than the current envelope amplitude, the speed data SPD 'is applied to the B input without being complemented by the complimentor 503, and the addition operation is performed.
Is smaller than the envelope amplitude, it is complemented by the complementer 503 and applied to the B input to perform a subtraction operation. Of the current ADSR (t) and current phase (t) obtained in this way
The arrival signal is generated when the PEP is compared by the comparator 505 and arrived. This arrival signal is the case 1 in FIGS. 3 (a) to (d).
Depending on the case of ~ 4, Phases INC / DEC 506
Use to increment or decrement the phase (t-1) according to release, repeat, etc. As a result, ADSR (t) and phase (t) can be obtained from FIG. Then, the number of envelopes smaller than the number of harmonic orders generated in this way is selected by the selection code held for each harmonic order to scale the harmonic coefficient.

〔The invention's effect〕

As described above, according to the present invention, by using the method of scaling the harmonic coefficient, the harmonic envelope waveform is composed of a plurality of phase states, and the transition curve between the phases can be arbitrarily selected for each phase. Various changes in the envelope waveform can be easily realized.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory view of a configuration of an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is an explanatory view of a circuit example of an essential part of the embodiment, FIG. 3 is an explanatory view of a harmonic envelope waveform, and FIG. 4 is an explanatory view of a configuration of a conventional proposal example. In the figure, 100 is a tone generation system, 101 is a keytable switch group, 102 is a keytable assigner, 103 is a control circuit, 104 is a sine wave function table, and 106,107.
Is a multiplier, 108 is a harmonic coefficient memory, 200 is a harmonic envelope generator, 501 is velocity data control, 502
Is a speed data shift circuit, 503 is a complementer, 504 is an adder, 505 is a comparator, and 506 is a phase INC / DEC.

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A method for obtaining a desired musical tone waveform by level-controlling and synthesizing harmonic components for each harmonic order, wherein a harmonic envelope waveform is composed of a plurality of phase states, and each phase waveform has a transition time of each phase. An electronic musical instrument obtained by a velocity data for determining and a target value which is a reaching point is provided with a control means capable of selecting a transition curve between phases for each phase and generating an envelope waveform. 2. A method for obtaining a desired musical tone waveform by level-controlling and synthesizing harmonic components for each harmonic order, wherein a harmonic envelope waveform is composed of a plurality of phase states, and each phase waveform has a transition time of each phase. In the electronic musical instrument obtained by the velocity data for determining and the target value that is the reaching point, the electronic musical instrument is provided with a control means capable of selecting a transition curve between the phases for each phase, and further, a means for generating a phase repeat signal. , When the envelope amplitude value reaches the target value of the phase when the phase repeat signal is received, the phase is returned, and a means for repeatedly operating the previous phase and the next phase is provided to generate an envelope waveform. Electronic musical instrument.